Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Medical records of 68 horses with urolithiasis were examined. Calculi were in the bladder in 47 horses, urethra in 11 horses, kidneys in 15 horses, and ureter in two horses. They occurred at several sites in six horses. Common clinical signs included hematuria, altered micturition (pollakiuria, dysuria, urinary incontinence), and tenesmus. Weight loss, possibly attributable to chronic renal failure and colic, was associated more commonly with renal and ureteral calculi. Weight loss also occurred in 13% of horses with cystic calculi only. In male horses, most cystic calculi were removed by perineal (ischial) urethrotomy under epidural anesthesia. Although there were few surgical complications with urethrotomy, seven of 15 horses with follow-up suffered recurrent urolithiasis.
 ...
PMID:Urolithiasis in 68 horses. 158 59

It is well known that the urinary excretion of oxalic acid is one of the main determinants for urinary stone formation. From 1950 to 1978 a saturated oxalic acid solution was used in a repainting and cleaning process for railroad cars in Norwegian railroad workshops. With the use of a questionnaire, the cumulative prevalence of urolithiasis-induced colic episodes was registered in the Sundland railroad depot. Forty-two (11.9%) out of 353 male workers not exposed to oxalic acid reported having had one or more such stone colic episodes. The corresponding figure for 15 individuals who had a very high exposure to oxalic acid was 8 (53.3%). Also workers in other departments, occasionally exposed to oxalic acid, had an increased stone colic prevalence rate, a finding suggesting a positive dose-response relationship. There was an increased frequency of stone colic episodes in the age group 40-69 years. Seven heavily exposed workers in the paint shop reported initial pollakiuria and slight dysuria during the exposure. The study indicates a causal relation between urinary stone formation in the investigated railroad shopmen and their exposure to oxalic acid at work.
 ...
PMID:Urolithiasis in railroad shopmen in relation to oxalic acid exposure at work. 400 3

A diet providing less than 20 mg of magnesium per 100 kcal that maintains urine pH near 6.0 3 to 5 hours after eating, or a diet providing this amount fo magnesium (see Table 2) with 1 gm of ammonium chloride or 1.5 gm of dl-methionine added daily, should be fed for 1 to 3 months to dissolve struvite uroliths (see Fig. 1). The low-magnesium diet should be fed indefinitely to prevent recurrence, because struvite urolithiasis and all of its effects (hematuria, pollakiuria, and/or complete to partial obstruction to urinary excretion) recurs repeatedly in cats that have previously experienced the condition if they are returned to regular cat food. In contrast, if a diet low in magnesium is fed, recurrence is uncommon. For cats that have never been affected, feeding a low-magnesium ration is unnecessary. For all cats, the following measures are recommended: encourage exercise, allow frequent urination, prevent obesity, decrease confinement, keep the litter box clean, and always have palatable water readily available.
 ...
PMID:Treatment and prevention of feline struvite urolithiasis. 637 67

Micturition disorders were studied retrospectively in a series of 165 children over a period of 15 years. Among patients without lesions of the upper tract at the time of diagnosis (group A, n = 131), 18 (14%) had persistent nocturnal and diurnal enuresis: one urethral stenosis and six vesicoureteric reflux required surgery; three experienced persistent pollakiuria and enuresis. Among patients with upper urinary tract damage at the time of diagnosis (group B, n = 34), seven presented with recurrent urinary tract infection, five with nocturnal and diurnal enuresis and three with urolithiasis. In the long term, only 52% of them had normal renal function and two were successfully transplanted. Micturition disorders following treatment of posterior urethral valves are frequent and usually related to the so-called valve bladder syndrome. Iatrogenic complications and mortality rate have dramatically decreased during the recent years but long-term renal function impairment remains the most critical problem.
 ...
PMID:[Persistent urination disorders after treatment of posterior urethral valve: incidence and semiology]. 918 Oct 7

Five cats that presented for signs of lower urinary tract disease (i.e., pollakiuria and hematuria) secondary to a calcium oxalate urolithiasis are presented. On evaluation, all five cats had elevations of both serum ionized as well as total serum calcium. The hypercalcemia resolved after discontinuation of urinary acidifying therapy or a dietary change, or both.
 ...
PMID:Hypercalcemia and calcium oxalate urolithiasis in cats: a report of five cases. 1041 73

Nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis (NIB) was diagnosed in 28 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)-vaccinated commercial chicken flocks in Pennsylvania from December 1997 to July 2000. Early dinical signs were increased flock mortality and urinary water loss (polyuria and pollakiuria) leading to wet litter. Daily mortality ranged from 0.01% in layers to 2.45% in broilers, with total broiler mortality as high as 23%. Severe renal swelling and accumulation of urates in the tubules were commonly seen. Visceral gout and urolithiasis were less frequently observed. Histopathologic changes included characteristic tubular epithelial degeneration and sloughing with lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis. Minimal respiratory disease signs were noted in broilers. Egg production and shell quality declined in layers. Confirmatory diagnosis of NIB was made by IBV antigen-specific immunohistochemical staining of the renal tubular epithelium and virus isolation. Sequencing of the S1 subunit gene of 21 IBV isolates showed the NIB outbreak to be associated with two unique genotypes, PA/Wolgemuth/98 and PA/171/99. The cases from which the genotypes were isolated were clinically indistinguishable. The NIB viruses were unrelated to previously recognized endemic strains in Pennsylvania and were also dissimilar to each other. Genotype PA/Wolgemuth/98 was isolated almost exclusively during the first 14 mo of the outbreak, whereas PA/171/99 was recovered during the final 18 mo. The reason for the apparent replacement of PA/Wolgemuth/98 by PA/171/99 is not known.
 ...
PMID:Nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis in Pennsylvania chickens 1997-2000. 1249 45

An 8-year-old, female spayed miniature schnauzer was presented for pollakiuria and gross hematuria. Infection-induced struvite urolithiasis with concurrent bacterial urinary tract infection was diagnosed. The treatment is described, followed by a brief discussion of struvite stones and their medical management.
 ...
PMID:Dissolution of infection-induced struvite bladder stones by using a noncalculolytic diet and antibiotic therapy. 1553 83

Urological problems in pregnancy represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Urinary tract symptoms in pregnant women comprise urinary tract infections, urolithiasis, hydronephrosis, urinary retention, urinary frequency and urinary incontinence. The primary purpose of this paper was to link our current understanding of the urinary tract anatomy and physiology to urinary tract symptoms in pregnancy and puerperium and the secondary purpose was to provide a review on diagnosis and management of these.
 ...
PMID:[Urological problems in pregnancy, birth, and puerperium--a systematic review]. 2254 59

We present here two special cases of urolithiasis. The first one shows a giant bladder lithiasis resulting in severe renal insufficiency in a 63-year-old patient, who had previously had nicturia (2-3 times), occasional episodes of urinary frequency and burning micturition, in the absence of renal colic, hematuria or interrupted urination. The second case referes to an 85-year-old man suffering from prostatic enlargement and bladder stones, hospitalized to undergo intervention of trans-vesical prostatic adenomectomy, during which two star-shaped stones were found without obvious symptoms.
 ...
PMID:[Rare cases of bladder stones]. 2447 46

Chronic prostatitis is relatively common, with a lifetime prevalence of 1.8% to 8.2%. Risk factors include conditions that facilitate introduction of bacteria into the urethra and prostate (which also predispose the patient to urinary tract infections) and conditions that can lead to chronic neuropathic pain. Chronic prostatitis must be differentiated from other causes of chronic pelvic pain, such as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and pelvic floor dysfunction; prostate and bladder cancers; benign prostatic hyperplasia; urolithiasis; and other causes of dysuria, urinary frequency, and nocturia. The National Institutes of Health divides prostatitis into four syndromes: acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP), chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP)/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis. CBP and CNP/CPPS both lead to pelvic pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. CBP presents as recurrent urinary tract infections with the same organism identified on repeated cultures; it responds to a prolonged course of an antibiotic that adequately penetrates the prostate, if the urine culture suggests sensitivity. If four to six weeks of antibiotic therapy is effective but symptoms recur, another course may be prescribed, perhaps in combination with alpha blockers or nonopioid analgesics. CNP/CPPS, accounting for more than 90% of chronic prostatitis cases, presents as prostatic pain lasting at least three months without consistent culture results. Weak evidence supports the use of alpha blockers, pain medications, and a four- to six-week course of antibiotics for the treatment of CNP/CPPS. Patients may also be referred to a psychologist experienced in managing chronic pain. Experts on this condition recommend a combination of treatments tailored to the patient's phenotypic presentation. Urology referral should be considered when appropriate treatment is ineffective. Additional treatments include pelvic floor physical therapy, phytotherapy, and pain management techniques. The UPOINT (urinary, psychosocial, organ-specific, infection, neurologic/systemic, tenderness) approach summarizes the various factors that may contribute to presentation and can guide treatment.
...
PMID:Common Questions About Chronic Prostatitis. 2792 20


1 2 Next >>