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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based on experiences from anaesthesia of approximately 7000 cats in a four year period the effects of a combination of 20--25 mg/kg Ketamine and 0.5 mg/kg Xylazine given i/m are described. In the present study the Xylazine has been applied in considerably lower doses, compared with previous reports on these drugs, and this change has reduced the unwanted side effects, without at the same time reducing the effect on the muscular tension and the psychical disturbances induced by the Ketamine. Ketamine and Xylazine were given in one injection after being taken in the named sequence and mixed in the syringe. Indication for anaesthetizing the cats were, besides routine surgery in the out-patient clinic, operations of weakened animals for pyometra, foreign bodies, intestinal invaginations with and without resection, removal of abdominal tumors and urolithiasis. Animals with impared liver function were not anaesthetized with these drugs due to the important role of liver metabolism in their excretion. In spite of the fact that the corneal and laryngeal reflexes normally persist, the combination of the two drugs allowed surgery in these organs after application of local anaesthetics as an extra precaution. Premedication with atropine has not been used routinely, and still only very few cases of increased salivation or vomiting have been observed. Aspiration has not been a complication and in the whole material, only 3 deaths have occurred, none of them with a specific post mortem finding besides shock. In these 3 cases the patient died later than 45 minutes after the injection and after ended surgery. Side effects ascribed to phenomena of interaction have not been observed. One cat was anaesthetized a number of times during pregnancy without any effect on the cat or its kittens. It is concluded, that the Ketamine/Xylazine combination, when mixed as prescribed gives a very safe and pleasant narcosis, and that side effects are minimized, if the corneas are moistened with an ophthalmic ointment and the patient is allowed to recover in dark and quiet surroundings.
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PMID:[Clinical use of ketamine-xylazine for anaesthesia in the cat (author's transl)]. 46 Nov 18

Medical records of 68 horses with urolithiasis were examined. Calculi were in the bladder in 47 horses, urethra in 11 horses, kidneys in 15 horses, and ureter in two horses. They occurred at several sites in six horses. Common clinical signs included hematuria, altered micturition (pollakiuria, dysuria, urinary incontinence), and tenesmus. Weight loss, possibly attributable to chronic renal failure and colic, was associated more commonly with renal and ureteral calculi. Weight loss also occurred in 13% of horses with cystic calculi only. In male horses, most cystic calculi were removed by perineal (ischial) urethrotomy under epidural anesthesia. Although there were few surgical complications with urethrotomy, seven of 15 horses with follow-up suffered recurrent urolithiasis.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in 68 horses. 158 59

In Self-defense Force Hospitals we often treat pilots with renal stones who will be exposed to high gravity (G) load after the treatment. Because the regulation prohibits the flight of a pilot with urolithiasis, the stone must be removed completely by noninvasive procedure. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, therefore, is one of the treatment of choice in such patients. The effect of G load on the kidney, in particular, on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (R-A-A) system and the safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a pilot who is exposed to high G load have not been adequately investigated. In this study, I examined the effect of G load in canine kidney model. The effect of G load on R-A-A system: Twenty-two adult mongrel dogs of a mean weight of 10.9 kg. maintained on a normal Na+ intake were studied. To dogs in the sitting position, high G load was given. The exposure to G load consisted of maximum load of 8 G for 45 seconds with the onset ratio of 0.1 G/sec. for group 1, and 5 courses of maximum G load of 8 G for 10 seconds with the onset ratio of 2.5 G/sec., followed by 1.5 G for 60 seconds for group 2. Plasma renin activity was unchanged in group 1, but it increased in group 2. Plasma aldosterone increased from 68.6 +/- 17.9 to 252.0 +/- 56.4 pg/ml (p less than 0.005) in group 1. and from 191.8 +/- 40.6 to 479.2 +/- 76.0 pg/ml (p less than 0.005) in group 2 after G load. Angiotensin II decreased from 129.0 +/- 19.4 to 84.7 +/- 19.1 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) after G load in group 2. These data suggest that the increase in plasma aldosterone after G load in independent of the renin-angiotensin system. It is considered that the alteration of R-A-A system was caused by the change of blood flow distribution due to the effect of G load. The tolerance to G load on the kidney following subcutaneous nephrostomy: Unilateral subcutaneous nephrostomies were carried out under pentobarbital anesthesia in 15 adult female mongrel dogs. Each experimental dog was exposed to high G load 2 or 4 weeks after removal of the nephrostomy tube. Excretory urography, renal angiography and renal function tests were performed before and after G load. Excretory urograms demonstrated no remarkable changes at all after G load in all dogs. Renal angiograms revealed small renal infarction along the nephrostomy tract in almost all dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[The effects of gravity load on the canine kidney]. 176 62

The Urat-P lithotriptor made in this country was employed for remote lithotripsy (RLT) in 94 children with urolithiasis. Altogether 132 sessions were conducted. In 120 cases the concrement disintegration progressed in a sparing regimen (impulse duration 0.3-0.4 ms, shock wave energy 5-8 J). In the rest 12 cases there were additional hard impulses (0.5-0.6 ms, the energy 10-12 J). Anesthesiological and transfusiological problems are considered. It is shown that choice of anesthesiological defense is based on the clinical form of the disease, the concrement size, the child's age. Intubation anesthesia with artificial pulmonary ventilation is indicated for young children (under 5). Intravenous balanced anesthesia under normal respiration accompanies RLT in large coral calculi treated in senior children (6-14 years of age). Single stones (up to 1.5 sm) in them are managed under local infiltration anesthesia. It is stated that a valid choice of anesthesia and transfusion therapy warrants favourable conditions for RLT sessions, adverse effects of the impulses on the renal parenchyma and adjacent tissues lessen facilitating the fragments elimination and reducing the number of complications in the postoperative period.
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PMID:[The anesthesiological support for children in extracorporeal lithotripsy on the Urat-P apparatus]. 182 77

With EDAP LT-01 PLUS, a new extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor which generates shock waves by 320 ceramic elements activated by the piezoelectric effect and which was produced to be used for the treatments of both urolithiasis and gall bladder stones, we performed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on 37 patients with urolithiasis between November 22, 1989 and July 31, 1990. Thirty seven target stones of 37 patients were located in the renal calyx (11 cases), renal pelvis (3 cases), UPJ (6 cases), renal calyx and pelvis (1 case), renal calyx and UPJ (1 case), renal calyx and upper ureter (1 case), upper ureter (9 cases), middle ureter (1 case), and lower ureter (4 cases). None of the patients needed anesthesia. The average number of treatments per case was 2.9 and the average total times of treatment per case was 196 minutes. The overall stone-free rate one month after the last ESWL treatment was 54.1% (20/37), and no patients had any major side-effects. Judging from our present clinical application, we concluded that EDAP LT-01 PLUS is a useful extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor for urolithiasis.
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PMID:[Clinical application of EDAP LT-01 PLUS on extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for urolithiasis]. 189 17

During the last 18 months, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been provided at Epsom District Hospital using a mobile unit containing a Dornier HM4 lithotriptor. Patients with upper ureteric and renal stones were selected for treatment, which was performed without anaesthesia or sedation as a day-case procedure; 83 patients were treated, 5 of them with bilateral stones. Seventy patients required 1 treatment session, 17 required 2 and 1 patient required 3. There were no serious complications but 3 patients needed ureteroscopy to remove obstructing stones. The overall success rate was 86%. The cost to treat each NHS patient was 253 pounds. Mobile lithotripsy as a day-case procedure is a safe and cost-effective means of treating urolithiasis and can be performed in a District General Hospital.
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PMID:Mobile extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. 189 27

We report our initial experience using the pulsed dye laser in 26 patients with urolithiasis. The patients ranged in age from 27 to 82 years; 11 patients were female and 15 were male. Of the 26 patients, 4 stones were in the kidney, 21 were in the ureter, and one was in the bladder. Surgical time ranged from 32 to 130 minutes. All patients were treated under spinal or general anesthesia. The size of ureteral stones ranged from 0.2 to 1.5 cm, and the renal stones 3.0 to 4.0 cm. Chemical analysis of the stones was not available on all patients, but when available, chemical analysis revealed the stones to be calcium monohydrate, calcium dihydrate, or struvite. The use of the Candela miniscope in 11 patients permitted access without ureteral dilation. In 19 patients, ureteral stents were placed. One patient suffered a ureteral perforation. Success was defined as adequate disintegration of the stone for passage of the fragments without the necessity of a secondary procedure. Using this criterion, 22 of 26 patients were successfully treated for an overall success rate of 85%.
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PMID:Preliminary experience with the pulsed dye laser for treatment of urolithiasis. 199 74

We report 2 cases of urolithiasis in pelvic kidneys and discuss the therapy of difficult stone locations with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) alone using new techniques of positioning (prone and upright sitting position) and the modified Dornier HM3 lithotriptor for anesthesia-free ESWL.
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PMID:Two cases of anesthesia-free extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in stone-bearing pelvic kidneys. 233 Jun 58

In January 1988 a Siemens Lithostar lithotriptor was installed in the Radboud University Hospital in Nijmegen. Over 1600 treatments have been performed since. The results of 582 treatments of the first 500 patients are discussed. After three months 51.3% of the patients were free of stones. After six months this percentage was 64.5 and in addition 25.4% of the patients were free of symptoms although residual particles were still present. In only 10.1% of the patients did the ESWL treatment not succeed. In over 50% of the cases treatment was performed on an outpatient basis. Among 90% of the patients in whom treatment was performed without auxiliary procedures only 50% needed i.v. sedation or analgesia. The other 50% did not need any form of sedation or analgesia. Major complications did not occur although 376 patients (75.2%) suffered from a short period of haematuria and many patients had a skin lesion. With the possibility of outpatient treatment, the use of less anaesthesia and a success rate of 89.9% (residual stones, less than 5 mm in diameter, which can be evacuated spontaneously) after six months, the Lithostar is an improvement in the treatment of urolithiasis.
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PMID:[The treatment of kidney and ureteral stones using a second-generation kidney stone lithotriptor]. 233 22

This report describes the results of clinical trials of the second generation extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor (Sonolith 2000 Type B) in patients with upper urinary tract stones. The studies were carried out on 101 cases at the Departments of Urology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Kanto Teishin Hospital and General Daiyukai Hospital from Nov. 1987 to Jun. 1988. The location of stones were renal calyx and pelvis in 84 cases, ureteropelvic junction in 7 cases and upper ureter in 12 cases (2 of them had multiple stones at different levels). The average number of treatment per a patient was 1.25, and that of shock waves delivered per treatment was 1798. Ultrasound localization has been effective in all cases. The rate of destruction of the stones was 100% in the kidney, 66.7% in the upper ureter, with an overall average of 95.0%. On the X-ray film obtained six weeks after ESWL treatment, the stone free rate was 53.5%, and the effectiveness rate was 89.1%, including the cases of stone free and cases with fragments smaller than 5 mm. No serious adverse effect was observed, although there were mild transient hematuria in all cases and pyrexia (more than 38.0 degrees C) in 7 cases (6.9%). The procedure was performed safely in the majority of patients without anesthesia. In 10 cases, we applied anesthesia (epidural anesthesia in 3 cases, and local anesthesia in 7 cases) for the prevention of pain. It is concluded that ESWL treatment using Sonolith 2000 Type B is as effective as other types of shock wave lithotriptor previously applied to urolithiasis without serious clinical complication.
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PMID:[Clinical application of Sonolith 2000 type B on extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for upper urinary tract calculi]. 259 42


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