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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty male patients with urolithiasis (UL), associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH), were studied in comparison to a group of 18 male normocalcemic patients with inactive calcium stone disease of unknown etiology. In the group of IH-UL, in addition to hypercaliuria, statistically significant hyperphosphaturia with decreased tubular reabsorption of phosphate and hyperuricemia were observed; there was a tendency to hypophosphatemia although non-significant. In 36% of the IH-UL patients the first episode of renal colic appeared at age 40 to 50. Thirty-eight per cent of the IH-UL patients had recurrent stone formation. Twenty per cent of the IH-UL patients had a family history of urolithiasis. Forty-six per cent of all stones contained oxalate in addition to calcium, and 25% of the stones contained oxalate and phosphate.
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PMID:Urolithiasis associated with hypercalciuria. 60 17

Considering the general impression of an increased number of patients with acute renal colic, the frequencies of roentgenologically verified ureteral and kidney calculi in a Swedish urban district have been studied for the periods 1953-55 and 1968-70. In a material of 986 outpatients (793 men and 193 women) we have proved an increase in incidence for upper urinary tract calculi in men from 2.2 to 3.3 0/00 (p less than 0.001) and in women from 0.5 to 0.8 0/00 (0.01 less than p less than 0.05). For the material as a whole, we have found a 50% increase (from 1.3 to 2.0 0/00; p less than 0.001) of acute urolithiasis between the periods studied. Some implications of the results in connection with primary hyperparathyroidism are discussed.
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PMID:Urolithiasis. A study of its frequency. 94 24

A prospective multicenter study was designed to determine the frequency and prognostic importance of hypercalciuria in children with hematuria. Urinary calcium excretion was examined in 215 patients with unexplained isolated hematuria (no proteinuria, urolithiasis, infection or systemic disorder). Hypercalciuria (urinary calcium excretion greater than 4 mg/kg/day) was identified in 76 patients (35%). Compared to patients with normal urinary calcium excretion, children with hematuria and hypercalciuria were characterized by male preponderance, white race, family history of urolithiasis, gross hematuria and calcium oxalate crystals. Renal biopsies were performed in 10 patients with urinary calcium excretion 0.4 to 2.5 mg/kg/day; three had IgA glomerulonephritis, three had glomerular basement membrane thinning, one had proliferative glomerulonephritis and three were normal. Renal biopsies in three patients with hypercalciuria showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, hereditary nephritis or no abnormalities. Oral calcium loading tests showed renal hypercalciuria in 26 patients, absorptive hypercalciuria in 15 patients and were not diagnostic in 35 patients. Serum parathyroid hormone, bicarbonate and phosphorus and urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations were similar in the three groups of hypercalciuric patients. Urinary calcium excretion after one week of dietary calcium restriction was higher (5.8 mg/kg/day) in renal hypercalciuria than in other hypercalciuric patients (3.4 mg/kg/day), P less than 0.01. One to four years follow-up was available for 184 patients. Eight of 60 hypercalciuric patients developed urolithiasis or renal colic compared to 2 of 124 patients with normal urinary calcium excretion (P less than 0.001). Hypercalciuria is commonly associated with isolated hematuria and represents a risk factor for future urolithiasis in children with hematuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Idiopathic hypercalciuria: association with isolated hematuria and risk for urolithiasis in children. The Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. 240 91

Serial abdominal ultrasonography was performed in 37 children being treated with ceftriaxone for serious infections. Biliary concrements developed in 16 patients, causing symptoms in 3, one of whom also had urolithiasis with renal colic and obstructive ureteropyelectasia. After cessation of ceftriaxone treatment, ultrasound abnormalities and symptoms gradually disappeared, with complete sonographic resolution after 2 to 63 days.
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PMID:Reversible ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis in children. 256 36

Between July 1, 1980 and August 1984, 222 patients (112 men and 112 women) were referred to the Nephrology out-patient clinic of a hospital serving a population of about 250,000. Urolithiasis was revealed by renal colics in 71% of the cases; 64 patients (29%) had been suffering from one or several attacks of renal colic before the study period. The first clinical symptoms appeared between the ages of 20 and 59 years in over 80% of the cases, with a peak of incidence between 30 and 39 years. Calcium stone lithiasis was as frequent in women as in men; the sex ratio was around 1 whatever the patient's age at the onset of the disease; 65% of patients had hypercalciuria on an unrestricted diet. The annual incidence of urolithiasis (hospital cases) was 15.6 for 100,000 inhabitants, and the theoretical prevalence (distribution of new patients aged about 50) 0.8 for 100 inhabitants. These epidemiological data compared with those in the literature, show a relatively low incidence of urolithiasis, notably among men, in that particular region of France.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of calcium calculi in a French region. Initial results after 4 years]. 294 11

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in adults is recognized as a cause of urolithiasis. If IH is symptomatic, the symptoms are hematuria, renal colic, or obstructive uropathy with or without infection. In children, IH has been linked to the spectrum of urinary symptoms including hematuria, pyuria, dysuria, recurrent urinary infections, abdominal or suprapubic pain, proteinuria, and the frequency-urgency syndrome. Hematuria may appear prior to the appearance of stones, and thiazide therapy appears to prevent stone formation by decreasing urinary calcium excretion. This report describes an older adolescent with hematuria and flank pain. His urinary chemistry values were not consistently typical of IH, but a thiazide trial with withdrawal challenge was diagnostic. His case is remarkable because, though essentially an adult, his disease was typical of prepubertal disease. Adolescents with unexplained urinary symptoms should be evaluated for IH. The urinary calcium-creatinine ratio may not be elevated, and timed urinary calcium may be equivocal. In some cases a thiazide trial may be valuable and cost effective.
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PMID:Atypical idiopathic hypercalciuria in an adolescent. 318 67

A group of 28 Syrian children (19 males and 9 females; age ranging from 2.5 to 12 years) were diagnosed clinically and radiologically to have upper urinary tract stones. The commonest presentations were renal colic, vomiting, haematuria, pyrexia and vague abdominal pain. Family history of renal stones was present in 21% of cases. Haematological picture and chemical analysis of blood were within the normal limits for their age and sex. Urine analysis, however, showed significantly marked increase in the 24-hour excretions of calcium and uric acid. Microscopic examination showed haematuria and pyuria in 72% of the children with urolithiasis. Chemical analysis of removed stones revealed that most of them were mixed stones of calcium oxalate and urate or/and phosphate. Pure stones of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate were less common. Radiologically, about 95% of all stones were demonstrated by plain X-ray, while 5% only after IVP.
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PMID:Some features of paediatric urolithiasis in a group of Syrian children. 358 9

Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and hyperphosphatemia are common findings in acromegaly, yet there are only a few reports on the occurrence of urinary stones in these patients. We reviewed the files of 64 patients with acromegaly. A total of 8 patients had evidence of renal calculi: 4 patients underwent nephrolithotomy, 3 had stones which were seen on intravenous pyelography, and 1 patient voided a stone. Moreover, 2 other patients suffered from recurrent typical episodes of renal colic. In view of the high incidence of urolithiasis in our series we believe that more attention should be paid to detection of urinary stones in acromegalics to avoid further complications and suffering.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in acromegaly. 403 39

In 93 consecutive outpatients with verified recurrent urolithiasis a clinical and biochemical investigation was performed. In 25 patients with uric acid disorder, the median values for number of stones formed and frequencies of hospital admission and surgical treatment were about twice those in the remainder of the series. No correlation was found between the number of stones or the number of renal colic episodes and the urinary calcium level or Ca/Mg ratio. Stone formation showed numerical increase with increasing 24-hour output of urine, possibly as a result of the observed positive correlation between excretion of uric acid and 24-hour urine volume. Sixty per cent of all the stones were spontaneously excreted. The urolithiasis was associated with increased frequency of urinary tract infection, particularly in men. In about one-third of the patients more than one etiologic factor was present.
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PMID:Recurrent urolithiasis: a general-practice study of risk factors and clinical consequences. 671 52

A review of the urographic findings in 200 patients with renal colic due to urolithiasis demonstrated radiological evidence of medullary sponge kidney in 34, an incidence of 17%. In the majority, the diagnosis was readily made and the changes were bilateral and extensive. This relatively high incidence suggests that medullary sponge kidney may be a contributing factor in a population already predisposed to calculus formation because of other factors such as diet and dehydration.
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PMID:Medullary sponge kidney and urolithiasis. 708 42


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