Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Medical records of 68 horses with urolithiasis were examined. Calculi were in the bladder in 47 horses, urethra in 11 horses, kidneys in 15 horses, and ureter in two horses. They occurred at several sites in six horses. Common clinical signs included hematuria, altered micturition (pollakiuria, dysuria, urinary incontinence), and tenesmus. Weight loss, possibly attributable to chronic renal failure and colic, was associated more commonly with renal and ureteral calculi. Weight loss also occurred in 13% of horses with cystic calculi only. In male horses, most cystic calculi were removed by perineal (ischial) urethrotomy under epidural anesthesia. Although there were few surgical complications with urethrotomy, seven of 15 horses with follow-up suffered recurrent urolithiasis.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in 68 horses. 158 59

A 10-month-old male Siamese cat with dysuria was determined to have cystine crystalluria. Many small calculi composed entirely of cystine were found in the urinary bladder. Measurement of serum and urine amino acids and calculation of fractional reabsorption of amino acids indicated reabsorption defects for cystine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine. Urinary acidification, fractional reabsorption of glucose, and fractional reabsorption of electrolytes were normal. Diagnoses of cystinuria and cystine urolithiasis were made on the basis of low fractional reabsorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids and the detection of cystine calculi in the urinary bladder.
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PMID:Cystinuria in a cat. 199 60

The efficacy of a diet designed to facilitate dissolution of feline magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) uroliths was evaluated in 30 cases of urolithiasis, sterile struvite uroliths dissolved in a mean of 36 days after initiation of dietary treatment. In 5 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-negative bacterial urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 23 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. In 3 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-positive staphylococcal urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 79 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. Dissolution of uroliths in cats fed the treatment diet was associated with concomitant remission of dysuria, hematuria, and pyuria, and reduction in urine pH and struvite crystalluria. In one case, a urocystolith composed of 100% ammonium urate, and in another case, a urolith composed of 60% calcium phosphate, 20% calcium oxalate, and 20% magnesium ammonium phosphate did not dissolve.
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PMID:Medical dissolution of feline struvite urocystoliths. 232 73

A review of equine urolithiasis is presented. Special emphasis is placed on clinical diagnosis and management. Although somewhat uncommon, urolithiasis is a potentially serious condition with an apparent predilection for male horses. Although the entire urinary tract is at risk for urolith formation, the bladder and urethra are most commonly affected. The principal signs include stranguria, hematuria, and dysuria. Severe abdominal discomfort is often observed in patients suffering from distal urinary tract obstructions. If urolithiasis is promptly identified, a variety of surgical techniques may be applied to resolve and treat this condition.
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PMID:Surgical management of urolithiasis. 306 6

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in adults is recognized as a cause of urolithiasis. If IH is symptomatic, the symptoms are hematuria, renal colic, or obstructive uropathy with or without infection. In children, IH has been linked to the spectrum of urinary symptoms including hematuria, pyuria, dysuria, recurrent urinary infections, abdominal or suprapubic pain, proteinuria, and the frequency-urgency syndrome. Hematuria may appear prior to the appearance of stones, and thiazide therapy appears to prevent stone formation by decreasing urinary calcium excretion. This report describes an older adolescent with hematuria and flank pain. His urinary chemistry values were not consistently typical of IH, but a thiazide trial with withdrawal challenge was diagnostic. His case is remarkable because, though essentially an adult, his disease was typical of prepubertal disease. Adolescents with unexplained urinary symptoms should be evaluated for IH. The urinary calcium-creatinine ratio may not be elevated, and timed urinary calcium may be equivocal. In some cases a thiazide trial may be valuable and cost effective.
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PMID:Atypical idiopathic hypercalciuria in an adolescent. 318 67

It is well known that the urinary excretion of oxalic acid is one of the main determinants for urinary stone formation. From 1950 to 1978 a saturated oxalic acid solution was used in a repainting and cleaning process for railroad cars in Norwegian railroad workshops. With the use of a questionnaire, the cumulative prevalence of urolithiasis-induced colic episodes was registered in the Sundland railroad depot. Forty-two (11.9%) out of 353 male workers not exposed to oxalic acid reported having had one or more such stone colic episodes. The corresponding figure for 15 individuals who had a very high exposure to oxalic acid was 8 (53.3%). Also workers in other departments, occasionally exposed to oxalic acid, had an increased stone colic prevalence rate, a finding suggesting a positive dose-response relationship. There was an increased frequency of stone colic episodes in the age group 40-69 years. Seven heavily exposed workers in the paint shop reported initial pollakiuria and slight dysuria during the exposure. The study indicates a causal relation between urinary stone formation in the investigated railroad shopmen and their exposure to oxalic acid at work.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in railroad shopmen in relation to oxalic acid exposure at work. 400 3

A 9-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat with dysuria, anorexia, vomiting, and lethargy was admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital. A large, firm mass was palpable in the ventral cervical region. Hypercalcemia, azotemia, and nonregenerative anemia were evident on serum biochemical analysis and CBC, and multiple uroliths were detected by abdominal radiography. At necropsy, light microscopy of the ventral cervical mass revealed a parathyroid adenocarcinoma. Light microscopy of sections of the kidneys revealed multifocal, chronic, lymphocytic/plasmacytic, tubulointerstitial nephritis, as well as moderate multifocal acute tubular necrosis. On quantitative analysis, the uroliths were composed of calcium oxalate. Determination of serum calcium concentration is indicated in cats with calcium oxalate urolithiasis to aid in detection of primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a cat with a functional parathyroid adenocarcinoma. 775 34

Records of 90 urolithiasis patients (50 boys and 40 girls) of 5 months to 18 years old (medium 8.7 yr) treated in our department from 1975 to 1993 were reviewed. Family history was found in 25 (27.7%), concomitant uropathy in 9 and predisposing factors to lithogenesis in 35 patients. The most frequent clinical manifestations were hematuria, lumbalgia, dysuria and calculus elimination. Urinary tract infection was found in 26 cases. Treatment modalities used were: medical in 31, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 12 surgery en 28, endoscopy en 1 and instrumental in 1. Six of 28 surgically treated patients presented residual urolithiasis and another 6 relapsed. Three complications were registered. Recovery from hydronephrosis and/or vesicoureteral reflux was seen in all patients with these lesions.
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PMID:[Course of the urinary lithiasis treatment in the Surgery Department of a Children's Hospital]. 776 77

A 77-year-old man was referred for the treatment of urolithiasis. The patient noticed the swelling of bilateral scrotal contents 2 weeks previously and had been suffering from bladder symptoms for several years, dysuria and pollakisuria. Therefore, he was admitted for the treatment of stones and further examination. By transrectal examination, prostatic carcinoma was suspected. Biopsy of the prostate and bilateral orchiectomy revealed the prostatic carcinoma and the metastatic adenocarcinoma of the bilateral testis. The histological or immunohistological examination indicated that the metastatic adenocarcinoma was prostate in origin.
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PMID:[Prostatic carcinoma with bilateral testicular metastasis: a case report]. 817 45

Mucinous cystadenoma with malignant transformation occupying the lower half portion of the right renal pelvis in a 69-year-old Japanese man was recorded. The patient had recent dysuria but no clinical history of pyelonephritis or urolithiasis. Under the clinical diagnosis of unusual renal cyst, the right total nephrectomy was performed. Grossly, the cystic tumor, 5 cm across, formed a monolocular lumen filled with mucins and showed no direct communication with the renal pelvis inside. Microscopically, the epithelial lining was characterized by a single layer of benign mucin producing columnar cells that scattered foci of non-invasive papillary projections with cell stratification and nuclear atypia suggestive of malignancy. Although there was non-specific chronic pyelitis, no pyelitis cystica et glandularis was encountered. Of circa 60 glandular neoplasms arising in the renal pelvis reported previously, adenomas are only five including two mucinous cystadenomas, while the remainder are adenocarcinomas. The histological findings of mucinous cystadenoma in the present case may represent the process of a transition from adenoma to adenocarcinoma. The result suggests the possibility that adenoma-carcinoma sequence may exist among the glandular neoplasma arising in the renal pelvis. The histogenesis was unclarified.
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PMID:Mucinous cystadenoma with malignant transformation arising in the renal pelvis. 908 36


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