Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate whether overall tubular dysfunction is encountered in a particular subgroup of patients with urolithiasis, the following parameters of renal tubular function have been measured in fasting morning urine in 124 male stone formers: excretion of lysozyme and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), fractional excretion (FE) or glucose, insulin, bicarbonate after an alkali load, and theoretical phosphate threshold (TmP/GFR). The following have been diagnosed: primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 3), medullary sponge kidneys (n = 5), hyperuricemia (n = 8), cystinuria (n = 1), struvite nephrolithiasis (n = 2), idiopathic hypercalciuria of the absorptive (n = 16), dietary (n = 46) or renal (n = 5) type, and normocalciuric idiopathic urolithiasis (n = 38). Urinary excretion of lysozyme and of gamma-GT were elevated in 14% and 21% of patients respectively; FE glucose and FE insulin were elevated in 6% and 8% of patients respectively. In 62% of the patients TmP/GFR was below 0.95 mmol/l and in 52% of the patients FE HCO3 after alkali load was above normal. The findings show that a large number of stone formers have signs of renal tubular dysfunction; apparent renal leaks of phosphate and of bicarbonate are the most frequently encountered defects; while they are not specific for a given etiologic group of patients, they have been found in each group. The latter observation suggests that nephrolithiasis itself can damage renal tubular function.
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PMID:[Tubular dysfunction in renal lithiasis: cause or consequence?]. 285 24

To address whether a renal tubular dysfunction is encountered in a particular patient subgroup with urolithiasis, the following parameters of tubular function were measured in urine taken in the morning from 214 stone formers after fasting: pH, excretion of lysozyme and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT); fractional excretion (FE) of glucose, insulin, Mg, K, and HCO3 after an alkali loading; and the renal threshold for phosphate (TmP/GFR). The following diagnoses were made in the patient group: primary hyperparathyroidism (N = 8), medullary sponge kidneys (N = 21), hyperuricemia (N = 10), cystinuria (N = 2), struvite stone disease (N = 6), idiopathic hypercalciuria of the absorptive (N = 25), dietary (N = 69) or renal (N = 7) type, and normocalciuric idiopathic urolithiasis (N = 66). In 31% of the patients TmP/GFR was below 0.80 mmole/liter and in 13% of the patients, FE HCO3 after alkali loading was above normal. Urinary excretion of lysozyme and that of gamma-GT both were elevated in 17% of the patients. FE glucose, FE insulin, FE Mg, and FE K were elevated in 8, 9, 3, and 7% of the patients, respectively. This study demonstrates that a significant number of stone formers present with signs of renal tubular dysfunction, primarily involving the proximal tubule since apparent leaks of phosphate and of bicarbonate were most frequently encountered. The defects were not specific for a given etiologic group of patients; on the other hand, occurrence was related to the presence of large stones in the pyelocaliceal system at the time data were gathered. Taken together these data suggest that the tubulopathy in nephrolithiasis is the consequence rather than the cause of the stone.
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PMID:Tubulopathy in nephrolithiasis: consequence rather than cause. 287 Dec 16

A 38-year-old woman was hospitalized in January 1994 with renal dysfunction and hypercalcemia. Before admission, she was diagnosed as having urolithiasis, and had been treated twice with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Ophthalmologically, she exhibited iritis and secondary glaucoma. Hypercalcemia, an extremely low titer of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and elevation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and lysozyme activity were noted. These findings suggested sarcoidosis, although the chest X-ray showed only fibrotic changes. Hypercalcemia was suspected of having been caused secondarily by sarcoidosis. Since her laboratory data also showed renal dysfunction and abnormal urinalysis, a renal biopsy was performed. The histological findings indicated a tubular and interstitial disorder without glomerular abnormality; calcium deposition, which was detected by X-ray energy dispersive analysis, was observed in the tubular cytoplasm. Administration of prednisolone alleviated the renal dysfunction and decreased the elevation of ACE activity and lysozyme level of the blood. Sarcoidosis is sometimes associated with hypercalcemia, but rarely with renal dysfunction. These findings suggested that sarcoidosis may be associated with renal dysfunction due to tubular injury caused by calcium deposition in the tubules, and that glucocorticoid therapy was effective for these disorders.
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PMID:A patient with sarcoidosis associated with recurrent urolithiasis and tubular injury caused by calcium deposition. 872 36

Urolithiasis is a common complication in patients with hypouricemia. Using a microarea x-ray diffractometer and nanoflow liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) following SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), recurrent urinary calculi complicating a hypouricemic patient were analyzed. Analysis with the microarea x-ray diffractometer showed that one of the calculi was composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate and hydroxyapatite. The other was found to be formed from calcium oxalate dihydrate. After determination with LC-MS, both were found to contain uromodulin, albumin, osteopontin, protein Z, and defensins. Lysozyme and calgranulin A were also identified in these calculi. Defensins, which were antimicrobial peptides, and lysozyme, a mucopeptide glycohydrolase, were identified as new organic components of urinary stones. The role of these proteins in the process of urolithiasis is of particular interest.
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PMID:Analysis of urinary calculi obtained from a patient with idiopathic hypouricemia using micro area x-ray diffractometry and LC-MS. 1613 78

Efficacy of polyoxidonium was studied in combined therapy of urolithiasis complicated with secondary pyelonephritis. Of 60 patients with secondary pyelonephritis in urolithiasis, 30 received adjuvant polyoxidonium. Phospholipids and cholesterol in cytomembranes were defined with thin-layer chromatography. Humoral immunity was evaluated by the levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, hemolytic activity of the compliment system, the level of circulating immune complexes, activity of lysozyme. Concentrations of IL-1beta, TNF, IL-4, IL-6 were also estimated. Subpopulations of immunocompetent cells were tested on flow cytofluorimeter by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. Phagocytic component of the immune system was assessed by phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic count, NBT test. The trial demonstrates that polyoxidonium has a positive action on the disease course, an antiinflammatory, immunomodulating properties, suppresses peroxidation, promotes recovery of structural-functional characteristics of cellular membranes in patients with urolithiasis and secondary pyelonephritis. Polyoxidonium is recommended in secondary pyelonephritis and urolithiasis as adjuvant to basic therapy for anti-inflammatory, detoxication and immunomodulating effect.
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PMID:[Polyoxidonium in the treatment of calculous pyelonephritis]. 1670 92