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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia is controversial. Reported benefits from treatment prevention of acute gouty arthritis, chronic tophaceous gout, urolithiasis, or gouty nephropathy. A review of experimental and clinical data suggests that the risks of asymptomatic hyperuricemia are small or unknown and the efficacy of long-term treatment in preventing gout or renal disease is unproved. The costs and risks of prolonged drug administration and practical considerations such as patient compliance mitigate against long-term therapy in asymptomatic persons. We offer some recommendations for an expectant approach to the management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
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PMID:Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: the case for conservative management. 64 60

In an effort to evaluate the rate of stone disease, a questionnaire was sent to each hospital in the United States. On the basis of 1765 responses it is estimated that the average rate of hospital discharge diagnoses of urinary stone per all hospital discharges was 0.0102. It was calculated that the annual incidence of urolithiasis in the population is at least 16.41 per 10,000 and that approximately 12 per cent of the population is expected to have urinary stone disease at some time in their lives.
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PMID:The frequency of urolithiasis in hospital discharge diagnoses in the United States. 64 90

Male Wistar rats were fed a basal diet, Purina Laboratory Chow, and an oxalate calculi-producing diet (CPD). The CPD was the basal diet containing 3 per cent glycolic acid. Sodium pyruvate, DL-alanine, alpha-keto glutaric acid, thiamine pyrophosphate, and L-glutamic acid were added to the CPD to determine their effectiveness in preventing calculi formation. The effectiveness of methyl glyoxal was determined by adding it to the drinking water. Rats fed CPD for 4 weeks developed calculi in the ureters, bladder, renal tubules, and/or renal pelvis and papilla. Rats in groups fed alanine and/or pyruvate had no calculi in their renal tubules or ureters; additionally, these rats had a significant reduction in incidence and amount of deposits in the renal pelvis and bladder. Rats in groups fed alpha-keto glutaric acid, thiamine pyrophosphate, L-glutamic acid, and methyl glyoxal developed equally or more severe oxalate urolithiasis than those on CPD alone. Results of this study show that either pyruvate or alanine at appropriate levels may be beneficial in preventing oxalate urolith formation.
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PMID:Prevention of oxalate urolithiasis by some compounds. 64

The urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, oxalate, creatinine, phosphate and urate was investigated in patients with urolithiasis and in normal subjects. The excretion of oxalate and urate per mole creatinine and the quotients calcium/magnesium, calcium X oxalate/magnesium and calcium X oxalate/(magnesium X creatinine) were significantly higher in stone formers than in normal subjects. The mean creatinine-correlated urinary excretion of calcium was higher and of magnesium lower in patients with urolithiasis, but the differences were statistically not significant. The urine investigation was supplemented with analysis of calcium, magnesium, creatinine, urate, bicarbonate and chloride in serum and a qualitative analysis of stone composition. A simple schedule for a biochemical grouping of patients with urolithiasis is presented and on the basis of the analytical findings it was possible to classify 67% of patients with so-called 'idiopathic stone disease' according to these principles.
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PMID:A biochemical basis for grouping of patients with urolithiasis. 66 34

The urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was estimated in two groups of schoolboys--village Arabs and urban Jewish (Ashkenazic) schoolboys, aged 10 to 11 years. Both the mean calcium/creatinine ratio and the frequency of hypercalciuria were higher among the Arab boys, and may be related to the higher incidence of chilidhood urolithiasis in Arab children in Israel.
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PMID:Urinary calcium excretion in schoolboys. Ethnic group differences. 66 19

In a selected material of 228 patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD) the incidence of urolithiasis was 15% (95% confidence limit 11-21). The tendency to urolithiasis is significantly correlated to small-bowel resection and its extent and to obstruction in the urinary tract. On the other hand, there is no definite correlation to the duration or extent of the bowel disease. The significant correlation between urolithiasis and ileal resection is in agreement with the hyperabsorption of oxalate as an important cause of stone formation demonstrated by others. That local factors too play an essential role in the formation of urinary calculi is apparent from the increased incidence of urolithiasis in obstruction of the urinary tract. The incidence of urolithiasis was particularly high (22-25%) among patients with ileostomies. The few and negligible symptoms of and sequelae to, urolithiasis in CIBD encourage a conservative attitude.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. 67 52

Disorders of micturition in 163 patients with a severe trauma of the cervical portion of the spinal cord are analysed. The data obtained concerning the functional condition and afferentation of the urinary bladder and the severity of the developing combined urologic complications (pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, vesicoureteral reflux, etc.) are evidence of marked disorders of micturition which are directly dependant on the time elapsed since the injury to the spinal cord had occurred and its severity.
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PMID:[Micturition disorders in patients with severe injuries to the cervical portion of the spinal cord]. 67 29

Oxalate-urolithiasis and hyperoxalaria have been reported to be a frequent complication in patients with small bowel disease, especially in patients with ileal resection due to Crohn's disease. Hyperabsorption of oxalate seems to be the main patholgenetic factor for "enteric" hyperoxalaria. Intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of oxalate was measured in patients with various gastrointestinal diseases after oral or rectal administration of 14C-oxalate. Kinetic data suggest that 14C-oxalate is absorbed in the small, the large bowel and the rectum as well. Oxalate absorption was decreased in patients with a colectomy and in active ulcerative colitis, but increased in patients with ileal resection, chronic liver disease, and steatorrhea due to chronic pancratitis or sprue. There existed a positive correlation between 14C-oxalate absorption and the amount of fecal fat excretion. The data suggest that hyperoxaluria and hyperabsorption of oxalate are not a specific finding in patients with bile acid malabsorption, but may occur too, in steatorrhea without alteration of bile acid metabolism.
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PMID:[Enteric hyperoxaluria. I. Intestinal oxalate absorption in gastrointestinal diseases (author's transl)]. 68 26

Five hundred and seventeen patients who had a jejunoileal bypass performed at the University of Minnesota Hospitals were studied with regard to the formation of urinary calculi postoperatively. A 9 per cent incidence of stones was found in the 365 patients for whom complete data were available. Men were affected more commonly than women. Of particular note was the correlation between long term oral supplementation of calcium postoperatively and a delay in the onset of symptomatic urolithiasis. A group of 91 recent patients who have been maintained on orally administered calcium are stone-free as long as 12 months after operation, again suggesting that supplementation of calcium may help prevent urolithiasis in patients who have had a bypass procedure.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in patients with a jejunoileal bypass. 68 75

Urine oxalate was determined by the enzymatic method, quality criteria were established, and 24h oxalate excretion measured in healthy control subjects and in patients suffering from calcium urolithiasis. The technique is highly reliable and can be practiced in every conventional clinical laboratory. There is no increase in 24h urine oxalate in calcium urolithiasis when related to body weight or lean body mass.
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PMID:[Hallson and Rose enzymatic determination of urinary oxalate (author's transl)]. 68 89


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