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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary calculosis is, according to the different medical statistics, one of the most common diseases among flight personnel. The causes which favour urolithiasis are reviewed in relation with the flight factors themselves and the type of life which these professionals lead. Diet, low intake of fluids, and the loss of water through the skin and lungs, are together with the sedentary nature of the work the most obvious causes as etiological factors. The risks which this pathology supposes for flight personnel and their suitability for flight under these conditions are studied. Likewise, the measures which should be established to prevent this anomaly as far as possible are reviewed.
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PMID:[Urolithiasis among flight personnel (author's transl)]. 43 Nov 65

In the literature there is a paucity of references on urolithiasis in children with spinal cord injury. In this paper 28 cases of urolithiasis in 97 children with spinal cord injury are analysed. An attempt is made to evaluate the role of hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and urinary tract infection in the genesis of these calculi.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in children with spinal cord injury. 43 66

Eighty patients with proved calcium urolithiasis participated in an outpatient study designed to define the most likely metabolic problem related to the cause of the stone disease. Diagnostic categories included absorptive hypercalciuria (33 patients), renal leak hypercalciuria (20 patients), hypomagnesiumuria (27 patients), hyperuricemia and hyperuricuria (16 patients), hyperoxaluria (15 patients), normal stone-former (4 patients), renal tubular acidosis (2 patients) and suspicion of hyperparathyroidism (7 patients). Of the 80 patients 40 had more than 1 defect. Patients with a high suspicion of hyperparathyroidism were excluded from the study. Based on these criteria treatment plans incorporating medications, diet or both were instituted. Of 21 patients observed for greater than 2 years 90 per cent have shown no new stone disease.
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PMID:Outpatient evaluation of patients with calcium urolithiasis. 43 49

Between 1965 and 1976, 54 children with urolithiasis were evaluated and treated. Age, sex, race distribution, patient symptomatology, stone localization and type are outlined. The relationship of stone formation to urinary infection and/or genitourinary anomalies is reviewed, and treatment and recurrence patterns are studied.
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PMID:Childhood urolithiasis. 43 65

A 7 year collection of calculi from short- and long-term studies with Sprague-Dawley rats showed that although the incidence of rats with urolithiasis was small (0.5%), the variety of sizes and composition of the calculi could be of general interest.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in the Sprague--Dawley rat. 43 39

The biochemical findings in urine from 62 male and 20 female consecutive patients with renal stone disease were studied in relation to the size of concrements and the estimated rate of stone formation. There appeared to be good agreement between urine composition and stone history. Biochemical grouping of the patients resulted in different distributions in the different groups of stone-formers. The quotients calcium/magnesium (k1) and calcium X oxalate/magnesium X creatinine (k3) appeared to reflect the severity of stone disease and seemed to provide a rational approach to the evaluation of patients with urolithiasis.
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PMID:Relationship between the severity of renal stone disease and urine composition. 44 8

Determining metabolic activity in urolithiasis may avoid excessive laboratory tests and unnecessary treatment. A simple regimen such as increased oral fluids is often effective therapy in metabolically inactive disease. Most cases of renal lithiasis are idiopathic, but a complete examination and laboratory work-up will usually establish an accurate etiologic diagnosis.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of renal lithiasis. 44 82

In three groups--patients with recurrent calcium urolithiasis (RCU), patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), and healthy controls--citrate was measured enzymatically in 24 and in 2-hr urine after an overnight fast. Citrate excretion per 24 hr was significantly lower in RCU than in age and sex matched controls, whereas there was no significant difference in citrate excretion in urines from the 2-hr morning collection. In pHPT citrate was also lower than in controls and fell within the range of RCU of comparable age. Both categories of urines (24 and 2hr) have in common the characteristic that the actual citrate concentration is lower by 50 per cent in RCU and pHPT than in controls, mainly as a result of the higher urine volume. Correction of citrate for creatinine does not disclose further differences among the populations studied but conversely hampers exact interpretation of urinary citrate in the absence of strict separation of individuals according to sex and age. From these data we conclude that (i) a low excretion and concentration of urinary citrate is detectable in calcium lithiasis and may contribute to a deficiency in inhibitory activity against nucleating processes in stone-forming urine; and (ii) the differences in urinary citrate elicited in samples of 24 and 2-hr morning urine are of unknown origin and merit further investigations.
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PMID:Citrate in daily and fasting urine: results of controls, patients with recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis, and primary hyperparathyroidism. 44 79

Many variables are known to be associated with the formation of calcium oxalate urolithiasis but none is essential for the initiation or growth of stones. It is likely that the predisposition to stone formation is related to multiple factors. We herein describe still another metabolic state that seems to predispose to calcium oxalate stone disease, namely heterozygosity for cystinuria. Cystine screening tests were done on 24-hour urine specimens obtained from 126 patients in whom recurrent calcium oxalate stones form and 84 controls and quantitative amino acid determinations were done on all positive specimens. Of those studied 17 of 126 stone patients and 1 of 84 controls were heterozygous cystinurics. A test of the differences between the relative frequencies of cystinuria heterozygotes in the 2 groups with Fisher's exact test revealed them to be highly significant (p less than 0.001). Our study indicates that carrier status for 1 of the cystinuria genes predisposes to calcium oxalate stone formation but, like other factors related to urolithiasis, it is not a necessary cause of stone disease.
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PMID:Heterozygous cystinuria and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. 45 88

Based on experiences from anaesthesia of approximately 7000 cats in a four year period the effects of a combination of 20--25 mg/kg Ketamine and 0.5 mg/kg Xylazine given i/m are described. In the present study the Xylazine has been applied in considerably lower doses, compared with previous reports on these drugs, and this change has reduced the unwanted side effects, without at the same time reducing the effect on the muscular tension and the psychical disturbances induced by the Ketamine. Ketamine and Xylazine were given in one injection after being taken in the named sequence and mixed in the syringe. Indication for anaesthetizing the cats were, besides routine surgery in the out-patient clinic, operations of weakened animals for pyometra, foreign bodies, intestinal invaginations with and without resection, removal of abdominal tumors and urolithiasis. Animals with impared liver function were not anaesthetized with these drugs due to the important role of liver metabolism in their excretion. In spite of the fact that the corneal and laryngeal reflexes normally persist, the combination of the two drugs allowed surgery in these organs after application of local anaesthetics as an extra precaution. Premedication with atropine has not been used routinely, and still only very few cases of increased salivation or vomiting have been observed. Aspiration has not been a complication and in the whole material, only 3 deaths have occurred, none of them with a specific post mortem finding besides shock. In these 3 cases the patient died later than 45 minutes after the injection and after ended surgery. Side effects ascribed to phenomena of interaction have not been observed. One cat was anaesthetized a number of times during pregnancy without any effect on the cat or its kittens. It is concluded, that the Ketamine/Xylazine combination, when mixed as prescribed gives a very safe and pleasant narcosis, and that side effects are minimized, if the corneas are moistened with an ophthalmic ointment and the patient is allowed to recover in dark and quiet surroundings.
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PMID:[Clinical use of ketamine-xylazine for anaesthesia in the cat (author's transl)]. 46 Nov 18


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