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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present investigation in 515 carriers of nephroliths (311 males and 204 females) age, sex, type of constitution, body weight, physical load and blood pressure are set in relation to the various kinds of calculi. Here it was revealed that males more frequently fall ill with nephrolithiasis than females, that there exist certain age peaks, the pycnic typ of constitution preferredly appears in female carriers of calculi and the athletic type in male ones, the majority of all examined patients had in comparison to the normal an increased body weight, and a very large proportion of persons with only insignificant physical load is found among the carriers of calculi. The result of the relations of blood pressure was that only half of all patients with urolithiasis examined had a normotonic blood pressure.
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PMID:[Somatic parameters in patients with urinary calculi and their relationship to age, sex and kind of calculus]. 48 55

The effect of hydrochlorothiazide on the formation of renal stones was evaluated by quantitative assessment of the propensity of urine to undergo crystallization of calcium oxalate. In seven patients with calcium urolithiasis (three with absorptive hypercalciuria, one with renal hypercalciuria, and three with normocalciuric nephrolithiasis), the urinary activity product ratio and formation product ratio of calcium oxalate were measured both on and off therapy with hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg orally twice a day). The activity product ratio (state of saturation with respect to calcium oxalate) decreased in the majority of cases, primarily as a result of the fall in urinary calcium. The formation product ratio (limit of metastability) increased in all cases; the cause of the increase was not readily apparent. Both changes reduced the propensity of urine to undergo crystallization of calcium oxalate, and therefore may account for the clinical improvement reported during thiazide therapy in nephrolithiasis.
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PMID:Effect of hydrochlorothiazide therapy on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in urine. 83 53

In a group of 57 children with urolithiasis hypomagnesaemia was found in 15 cases (26.3%). All children but one with abnormally low serum magnesium levels had recurrent or bilateral nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis. Prevalence of hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria, marked severity of the clinical features, abnormality of Ca metabolism and its responsiveness to MgO treatment were demonstrable in Mg deficiency.
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PMID:Magnesium deficiency in children with urolithiasis. 100 96

Patients with bilateral urolithiasis diagnosed at their first visit were followed for at least one year after the start of treatment. In this retrospective study of 123 patients, the basic metabolic workup revealed no specific underlying cause of simultaneously occurring bilateral nephrolithiasis, and none of the currently used therapeutic regimes proved to be efficient in attaining clinically acceptable stone-free rates at the 3, 6 and 12-month follow-ups. Of 38 patients treated with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), 21 underwent treatment of both kidneys and 10 (48%) were free of stones bilaterally after 12 months. All of the 17 patients treated with unilateral SWL failed to achieve a stone-free state on the contralateral side. In another group, treated with medication alone to minimize risks of stone recurrence, only 3 of 26 (11.5%) patients were stone-free on both sides 12 months after the start of medication. Since we achieved a stone-free state of both kidneys in no more than 12% of the non-medicated cases, it seems warranted to treat bilateral urolithiasis with SWL more frequently, particularly when patients cannot return regularly to the stone clinic for a longterm follow-up.
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PMID:Treatment of bilateral urolithiasis. 134 24

The paper considers a clinical role of crystalluria and its relation to urolithiasis. Examination of 185274 cases of symptomless crystalluria in the citizens of Kharkov and Kharkov region revealed oxalic-calcic urinary crystals in 12.2%, urate crystals in 3.6% and phosphate crystals in 1.2% of the examinees. Oxalic-calcic crystalluria in urgent urinary conditions occurs significantly more frequently (25.8%). Crystalluria was studied in 372 nephrolithiasis patients. Urinary crystals were found in 44.0%. The type of the crystals corresponded to chemical composition of the urinary concrements. Oxalic-calcic nephrolithiasis was detected in a younger group of patients (aged 37.3 +/- 1.3). It is suggested to consider crystalluria as microurolithiasis indicating predisposition to lithogenesis in the urinary tract and as a preclinical manifestation of urolithiasis.
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PMID:[Crystalluria]. 182 78

Basic parameters of central and intracardiac hemodynamics were studied in 49 urological patients 24 of which with urolithiasis entered group I, 13 with hypertension-group II and 12 with varicocele-group III. The patients' age averaged 46.4, 41.6 and 28.6 years, respectively. The data were provided by routine clinical and laboratory examinations, ECG, one-passage radionuclide cardiography with 132I-albumin using a radiocirculographer of Hungarian manufacture and radiocardioanalyzer RKAZ-01 made in this country. Neither marked ischemic disturbances of the myocardium nor valvular defects were revealed. Ambiguous group-specific shifts presented in central and intracardiac hemodynamics. Total peripheral vascular resistance exhibited a moderate increase while left ventricular circulation time grew 1.5-2-fold. The greater resistance can be attributed to activation of renin-angiotensin system in prolonged ischemia of renal parenchyma due to nephrolithiasis. Group II patients demonstrated parallel elevation of arterial pressure, peripheral resistance, left ventricular performance and output suggesting myocardial functional stress. In group III there was a rise in blood volume, left ventricular performance and output, cardiac index, stroke volume. This myocardial overloading may result from changes in intravascular volumetric relations characteristic of hypervolemia. These hemodynamic changes reflect adaptation in urological patients and should be accounted for in treatment and operative interventions.
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PMID:[The radionuclide assessment of the central hemodynamic indices in patients with urolithiasis, arterial hypertension and varicocele]. 194 10

In 26 healthy individuals and 114 patients with urolithiasis, total urine protein levels were measured in a single sample by using the stain ponceau S. The findings were statistically analyzed. The levels of the protein were found to be 27-80 mg/l in the healthy individuals, while the distribution of the data was asymmetric as viewed from high values. The patients with urolithiasis exhibited their protein levels according to the type of nephrolithiasis. Proteinuria was demonstrated to be less pronounced in patients with oxalate and urate nephrolithiasis than in patients with coral phosphate calculi. There was a substantial asymmetry in the distribution of total urine protein for all the examined groups of urolithiasis patients, as well as great dispersion values, which fails to regard the parameter alone as a diagnostic criterion for the type of nephrolithiasis. At the same time it was noted that simultaneous examination of the levels of total protein, uric acid, potassium, and sodium enabled the type of a concrement (oxalate or phosphate) to be in vivo estimated with approximately 85% probability.
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PMID:[Total urinary protein in different types of nephrolithiasis]. 194 15

We present 31 patients with cystine urolithiasis referred to our extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) center since 1985. This group differed statistically from the other 3000 patients treated by us for urolithiasis with regard to age, stone burden, number of previous operations, and known duration of urolithiasis. The average known duration in those with cystine stones was 15 years. Of 26 patients with such a history, 22 had an average of 2 operations each. At referral, 14 had bilateral stones and among the others there were 5 nonfunctioning kidneys. Of 26 referred with a diagnosis of cystine nephrolithiasis, only 11 were being treated medically. At presentation, 31 had no stones and 1 was being treated medically. In the other 29 patients, 44 renal-ureteral units had urolithiasis. During follow-up 2 ureteral stones were discharged spontaneously and the other units were treated by ESWL, surgery and/or ureteroscopy, and percutaneous irrigation. 36/42 units were free of significant stone residue, but in 4 there were large gravel remains; 1 kidney was removed primarily and 1 kidney lost its function following prolonged obstruction after ESWL. During follow-up, of 11 patients unable to tolerate D-penicillamine and treated by urinary alkalinization alone, 3 have already formed new stones.
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PMID:[Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for cystine urolithiasis]. 206 17

Nephrolithiasis and endemic renal distal tubular acidosis are common in northeastern Thailand. The etiology is still unknown. It is generally accepted that urine electrolytes influence the capacity of urine to inhibit or promote renal and also bladder stones. The purpose of this study was to analyse the composition of the urine in the indigenous population in the northeast area and compare their values with data obtained from a group of age matched adults, living in Bangkok. Twenty-four hour urine samples from 23 normal adult villagers from six villages within the province of Khon Kaen and 34 normal adults living in Bangkok were collected, and the daily excretion of creatinine, uric acid, calcium and inorganic phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium and oxalate were assayed. Daily urinary sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphate of the villagers were significantly lower than those of Bangkokians. No difference in the urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, uric acid, oxalate and creatinine was found. The Na/Ca, and Ca/PO4 ratios of villagers were significantly lower than those of the Bangkok subjects. The villagers excreted significantly lower amounts of Na in the face of relatively higher urinary Ca. The above data, combined with our previous study showing the low values of urinary citrate in the villagers in the same areas, strongly indicate that the indigeneous population is at high risk in developing urolithiasis. The causes for these electrolyte abnormalities are still unknown. Low contents of the major electrolytes in their diets might play an important role. Low phosphate output indicates low protein diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Urinary constituents in an endemic area of stones and renal tubular acidosis in northeastern Thailand. 207 84

A total of 30 patients with urolithiasis underwent 35 sessions of fiberoptic transurethral lithotripsy (f-TUL) involving electrohydraulic lithotripsy. There were 11 patients with nephrolithiasis including 4 with staghorn calculi and 19 patients with ureterolithiasis which were all located above the pelvic brim. A fiberoptic nephroureteroscope (URF-P) was successfully introduced up to the stone in all but 2 cases (93.3%). Of the 28 patients with successful introduction, 21 received a single session of f-TUL for complete fragmentation of their stones, which measured less than 16 x 9 mm by radiography. Three patients with larger renal stones (greater than or equal to 17 x 9 mm) underwent 2 sessions of f-TUL for complete fragmentation. The remaining 4 patients who had staghorn calculi (greater than or equal to 38 x 33 mm) received 1 session of f-TUL with partial fragmentation; then 3 were sent to an ESWL clinic with good results, while the other patient received 2 more sessions of f-TUL and formed a stone street. Attempts were subsequently made to destroy the latter by ESWL but were unsuccessful. In conclusion, f-TUL appears to be most suitable for smaller impacted ureteral calculi above the pelvic brim.
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PMID:Fiberoptic transurethral lithotripsy prefers smaller impacted ureteral calculi rather than large renal stones. 225 Apr 9


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