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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of varying dietary levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium on the incidence and severity of intranephronic calculosis were studied. Renal calculi were induced by feeding female rats the AIN-76TM semipurified diet for 4 weeks. During this time period, dietary levels of 350, 450 or 550 mg calcium per 100 g diet did not influence the occurrence of urolithiasis. Increasing dietary magnesium levels from 50 to 350 mg was beneficial in preventing the occurrence of calculi if the diet contained 400 mg or less phosphorus. The protective effects of dietary magnesium were counteracted when dietary phosphorus levels were increased from 400 mg to 550 or 700 mg. If the dietary content of phosphorus and magnesium permitted the formation of renal calculi, the severity of the condition was also influenced by the dietary level of calcium. Some animal groups fed semipurified diets did not have microscopic or radiographic evidence of renal calculi but were found to have significantly elevated renal calcium values. It was suggested that these animals might be in a precalculus-forming state.
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PMID:Effects of dietary calcium, phosphorus and magnesium on intranephronic calculosis in rats. 650 76

It has been suggested that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or other n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may prevent or ameliorate methyl mercury's neurotoxicity. To examine interactions between PUFAs and methyl mercury exposure, sixty-six female Long-Evans rats were exposed to methyl mercury continuously via drinking water from fifteen weeks of age. Water included methyl mercury concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 5.0 ppm, creating estimated intakes of about 0, 40, and 400 microg/kg/day across exposure groups. An additional fifty-eight female offspring were exposed to methyl mercury only during gestation. Rats consumed one of two diets, each based on AIN-93 formulation, providing a 2 (generation) X 2 (diet) X 3 (methyl mercury exposure) factorial experimental design. A "coconut oil" diet (1/3 of fats were provided by coconut oil) was marginally adequate in n-3 PUFAs and contained no DHA. A "fish oil" diet was rich in n-3 fatty acids, including DHA. The diets were approximately equal in n-6 fatty acids. Forelimb grip strength declined with age for all groups, but the decline was greatest for those exposed chronically to 400 microg/kg/day of methyl mercury. This high-dose group also displayed hind limb crossing, gait disorders, and diminished running wheel activity. Dietary n-3 fatty acids did not influence these effects. Chronic exposure to 400 microg/kg/day of methyl mercury resulted in blood and brain concentrations of about 70 and 10 ppm, respectively, approximately 50-fold higher than concentrations seen in rats exposed to 40 microg/kg/day. Rats that became ill and died before the experiment ended had higher concentrations of mercury than their cohorts who survived to the end. Organic mercury was highly correlated with total mercury in these rats but inorganic mercury remained approximately constant. Some deaths were due to urolithiasis (kidney or bladder stones) associated with a dietary contaminant and that was eventually fatal to 22% of the females in the colony. Neurobehavioral effects are reported on rats that did not become ill.
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PMID:Neuromotor deficits and mercury concentrations in rats exposed to methyl mercury and fish oil. 1602 22