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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Companion animal diets may be related to prevention, pathogenesis and/or treatment of diseases of the lower urinary tract. For example, urolithiasis can be either diet induced or nutrient sensitive. One of the most interesting developments in veterinary urolithiasis research has been the recent change in the composition of stones recovered from cats. In 1984, 88% of stones analyzed by quantitative methods were > 70% struvite, whereas < 1% were calcium oxalate. In 1992, the percentage of struvite had dropped to 62, whereas the percentage of calcium oxalate had increased to 24. Another recent development in lower urinary tract disease of cats is the recognition that urolithiasis appears to be a minor cause of the signs of frequency, urgency and hematuria for which patients are presented. This suggests that diet may no longer be involved, or be involved in previously unrecognized ways, in many current cases of this disease. Some of these feline patients may have a disease similar to interstitial cystitis, a disease of humans that appears to be of neuroepithelial origin. Our laboratory has been studying this possibility recently, and many similarities between the two diseases have been found.
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PMID:Lower urinary tract disease in cats--new problems, new paradigms. 799 60

Despite much research on FUS, there still is no consensus regarding its cause, or even its definition. We recently have demonstrated that some cases of FUS are similar to interstitial cystitis in human beings. Exclusion of anatomic defects, behavior abnormalities, neoplasia, urolithiasis, urethral obstruction, and urinary tract infection leads one to the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis in cats. This diagnosis suggests the need for new approaches to treatment, including pain management and environmental modification.
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PMID:Interstitial cystitis in cats. 871 67

Chronic pains typically evaluated by a urologist are discussed from the perspective of a non-urologist pain clinician. The pathophysiology of some pains is understood and so we believe the patient's symptoms: examples are cancer-related pain and recurrent urolithiasis. We treat these pains with traditional analgesics. Other pains, such as those of interstitial cystitis, chronic prostatodynia, and chronic orchialgia are less understood and so are treated in a more conservative and often empiric fashion. Proposed therapies for these disorders are discussed.
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PMID:Chronic urologic pain syndromes. 1125 35

Ten clinical cases of neuromuscular dysplasia of the ureter (NMDU) are reported. Eight patients were young (24-38 years), two--of the middle age (41-58 years). NMDU was bilateral in two patients. Ureteral achalasia of the congenital solitary kidney occured in one case. One 28-year-old female with megaureter of the solitary kidney had interstitial cystitis. Clinical picture of the disease was characterized primarily with acute pyelonephritis, pain and secondary urolithiasis. Surgical treatment consisted in resection of the affected part of the ureter with modeling of the lumen of the latter on the drainage and Boari plastic repair. Bilateral Boari operation was made in 2 patients. In one case of ureteral achalasia and ureterocele direct ureterocystoanastomosis was created with good result. Sigmocystoplasty with transplantation of the solitary kidney ureter into the intestinal transplant was made in the patient with scar contracture of the detrusor and megaureter. Functional result of the operation was good. Complications were registered in 4 patients, 2 of which were reoperated. In nine patients of ten good and satisfactory functional results were obtained.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of neuromuscular dysplasia of the ureter]. 1609 12

To assess bladder function in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). A convenience sample of consecutive patients with SLE (American College of Rheumatology criteria), with recurrent UTIs (>/=3 events in the preceding 12 months), without history of central nervous system involvement, urolithiasis or preceding tuberculosis were studied. Disease activity (SLEDAI-2K), damage (SDI), lower urinary tract symptoms [Pelvic pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF) and the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom and Problem Index (ICSPI) scales] and Autonomic Symptom Profile (ASP) were assessed. All patients underwent urological examination and urodynamic assessment with cystometry, uroflow, micturition and urethral pressure profile. Ten patients (nine women) were included. The majority of the patients reported urinary symptoms: urgency (n = 8), frequency (n = 8), nocturia (n = 9) and pain (n = 10). The patients had a mean (SD) ICSPI score of 18.4 (9.8), PUF score of 17.4 (5.3) and ASP weighted score of 31.7 (16.1). Abnormal urodynamics findings were identified in seven of the 10 patients, including small bladder capacity (two patients), reduced bladder sensation (four patients), subnormal urinary flow rate (one patient) and a significant amount of residual urine (two patients). The urodynamics findings suggest that bladder dysfunction could be one of the mechanisms involved on the occurrence of recurrent UTIs in patients with SLE. These findings have potential implications for the proper assessment and management of SLE patients with recurrent UTIs. Further studies are needed to corroborate our results.
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PMID:Recurrent urinary tract infections and bladder dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus. 1902 80

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of urolithiasis which is further negatively impacted by a reduced bone density. Interstitial cystitis also tends to occur more often in patients with rheumatic diseases. The high incidence of bacterial urogenital infections is influenced by the use of immunomodulating drugs. Many RA patients have to undergo numerous tests until a diagnosis is reached and are then treated as outpatients on a tightly controlled schedule. Despite a closely controlled rheumatological follow-up, urological screening and determination of a baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value (in men over 45 years old) should not be neglected. In patients with an increased risk of renal and bladder neoplasms or when such a diagnosis is known, the benefit of long-term use of high doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID, aspirin type) should be carefully weighed up with a risk profile and after specialist urological assessment. Patients who suffer from sexual dysfunction due to physical limitations and prolonged medical therapy should undergo urological and gynecological assessment to exclude contributing causes. The use of aphrodisiacs and erection-enhancing drugs (e.g. PDE5 inhibitors, local injection with prostaglandins and vacuum therapy) require prior approval by a medical specialist and also cardiovascular stability. Acute urinary retention is more common in chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases.
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PMID:[Urological comorbidities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis : literature review]. 2393 52

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a atypical gram-negative bacteria preferring gastric mucosa which also have bizarre multisystem effects extended to some malignancies, hematologic and vascular disorders through some not well defined pathophysiologic pathways. Our pioneer data was pointing that the urinary system stone existence was seemed to be high in the group of H. pylori+cases. While the explanation of the reason of the coincidence of renal-gall bladder stones, it was previously suggested that there may be a shift mechanism of intestinal microbial flora, from Oxalobacter formigenes that may reduce the risk of renal stone by consuming intestinal oxalate, to H. pylori which is known to induce gallstone by unknown mechanism. This hypothesis is an indirect one and highly controversial for the effect of H. pylori in the renal stone formation because intestinal absorption of oxalate is not significant when it is compared with the endogen oxalate. The present preliminary unique data in connection with our hypothesis claimed that a possible relation between H. pylori and renal stones. We think that this detrimental effect is due to the possible systemic influence such as vascular and/or endoluminal sickness due to the H. pylori other than directs bacteriologic colonization. There is strong evidence that H. pylori have some role in the atherosclerotic procedure. The vascular theory of Randall plaque formation at renal papilla and subsequent calcium oxalate stone development that suggests microvascular injury of renal papilla in an atherosclerotic-like fashion results in calcification near vessel walls that eventually erodes as a calculus format into the urinary system. Briefly, theories of stone and atherosclerosis seemed to be overlap and H. pylori is one of the factor of both processes. In addition to our hypothesis, we claimed that H. pylori might have same detrimental effect on endoluminal surfaces of urinary and genital systems and resulting in some special pathologies as Hunner's ulcers in interstitial cystitis and even posttesticular infertility. The accumulating knowledge about extragastric sequelae of H. pylori may open new aspects on therapeutic and the prevention strategies of urolithiasis and even this progress may reach to chronic pelvic pain syndromes and idiopathic infertility.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori and urinary system stones: endoluminal damage as sub-hypothesis to support the current stone theory. 2579 4

Clinical diagnosis of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome has great variation and usually can only be based on subjective symptoms. Measurement of urgency severity score in adjunct with voiding diary may reflect the occurrence of OAB and incontinence severity in daily life. Urodynamic study can detect detrusor overactivity (DO), but not in all OAB patients. A more objective way and less invasive tool to diagnose and assess therapeutic outcome in OAB patients is needed. Recent investigations of the potential biomarkers for OAB include urinary and serum biomarkers and bladder wall thickness. Evidence has also shown that urinary proteins, such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) levels increase in patients with OAB, bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and DO. Patients with OAB have significantly higher urinary NGFlevels and urinary NGF levels decrease after antimuscarinic therapy and further decrease after detrusor botulinum toxin injections. However, the sensitivity of single urinary protein in the diagnosis of OAB is not high and several lower urinary tract diseases may also have elevated urinary NGF levels. Searching for a group of inflammatory biomarkers by microsphere-based array in urine might be a better method in differential diagnosis of OAB from interstitial cystitis, urinary tract infection (UTI) or urolithiasis. Bladder wall thickness has been widely investigated in the diagnosis of BOO and pediatric voiding dysfunction.The role of bladder wall thickness in the diagnosis of OAB, however, has not reach a consistent conclusion. We hereby review the latest medical advances in this field.
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PMID:Potential Biomarkers Utilized to Define and Manage Overactive Bladder Syndrome. 2667 98

Chronic prostatitis is relatively common, with a lifetime prevalence of 1.8% to 8.2%. Risk factors include conditions that facilitate introduction of bacteria into the urethra and prostate (which also predispose the patient to urinary tract infections) and conditions that can lead to chronic neuropathic pain. Chronic prostatitis must be differentiated from other causes of chronic pelvic pain, such as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and pelvic floor dysfunction; prostate and bladder cancers; benign prostatic hyperplasia; urolithiasis; and other causes of dysuria, urinary frequency, and nocturia. The National Institutes of Health divides prostatitis into four syndromes: acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP), chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP)/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis. CBP and CNP/CPPS both lead to pelvic pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. CBP presents as recurrent urinary tract infections with the same organism identified on repeated cultures; it responds to a prolonged course of an antibiotic that adequately penetrates the prostate, if the urine culture suggests sensitivity. If four to six weeks of antibiotic therapy is effective but symptoms recur, another course may be prescribed, perhaps in combination with alpha blockers or nonopioid analgesics. CNP/CPPS, accounting for more than 90% of chronic prostatitis cases, presents as prostatic pain lasting at least three months without consistent culture results. Weak evidence supports the use of alpha blockers, pain medications, and a four- to six-week course of antibiotics for the treatment of CNP/CPPS. Patients may also be referred to a psychologist experienced in managing chronic pain. Experts on this condition recommend a combination of treatments tailored to the patient's phenotypic presentation. Urology referral should be considered when appropriate treatment is ineffective. Additional treatments include pelvic floor physical therapy, phytotherapy, and pain management techniques. The UPOINT (urinary, psychosocial, organ-specific, infection, neurologic/systemic, tenderness) approach summarizes the various factors that may contribute to presentation and can guide treatment.
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PMID:Common Questions About Chronic Prostatitis. 2792 20