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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Surgery is indicated for patients with obstructive uropathy; calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, silica, and perhaps cystine uroliths; uroliths refractory to medical dissolution; nephrolithiasis and progressive renal dysfunction; anatomic defects predisposing to urinary tract infection; and problems precluding medical management. The goals of surgical management include removal of all uroliths while preserving organ function, eliminating partial or complete obstruction to urine outflow, and correction of anatomic abnormalities that predispose the patient to infection and or urolithiasis.
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PMID:Surgical removal of canine uroliths. 348 20

In recent years the morbidity of the acute gestational pyelonephritis increased nearly double. From the anamnesis of 234 female patients who were hospitalised on account of chronic pyelonephritis or urolithiasis in 34.9% renal complications during pregnancy could be established. In these cases a sixfold increased coincidence of the lateral localisation of urological disease compared with the lateral localisation of the obstetrical complications. From the catamnestic data of 32 patients resulted a pathogenetic connection between chronic urological disease and acute gestational pyelonephritis. Pregnant women with contracted pelvis, megafetus, multigravidity and hydramnion fell ill from acute pyelonephritis 4 to 6 times more frequently than those in whom these risk factors which we intend to call compression factors were not existing. 72 pregnant women with compression factors and asymptomatic bacteriuria were given prophylactically antibiotics and carried out position exercises. In none of these pregnant women an acute pyelonephritis appeared during pregnancy. Apart from the primary prevention of the acute gestational pyelonephritis in 108 pregnant women also a prophylaxis of the recidivation of pyelonephritis has been performed. This consisted of a therapy with antibiotics for the persisting, asymptomatic bacteriuria as well as position exercises. Only in 2.7% of the metaphylactically cared patients a recidivation of the acute gestational pyelonephritis developed. Thus incomparison to other authors the number of recidivations of acute gestational pyelonephritides could bei reduced by the four- to sixfold.
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PMID:[Prevention of acute and recurrent pyelonephritis in pregnancy]. 355 33

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis usually occurs in women 50 to 60 years old, and has the distinct clinical presentation suggestive of a renal mass. Since 1963 an increasing number of children with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis have been reported in the literature, with data suggesting that the characteristics of the disease are different from those in adults. We compared our children with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis to adults who had been described in the literature and to our cases of chronic pyelonephritis to determine whether xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children is an entity as clearly different from chronic pyelonephritis as it is in adults. Twenty-one cases were eliminated from the study because of incomplete charts. We found 39 cases in which nephrectomy had been done for an anatomical diagnosis of chronic or xanthogranulomatous (8) pyelonephritis. Average age at presentation, duration of clinical course and sex distribution were similar in both groups. The left kidney was involved more often in both groups. Severe malnutrition, urolithiasis, reno-cutaneous fistula and negative urine cultures were more frequent in cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, while obstructive nonlithiasic uropathy occurred more often in cases of chronic pyelonephritis. Microorganisms were similar in both groups and Escherichia coli was isolated most frequently. All cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis were of the diffuse type with areas corresponding to all histological stages. Our study suggests that perhaps in children xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis occurs the same as chronic pyelonephritis, and is determined possibly by an affected immune response secondary to malnutrition and by the presence of urolithiasis.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children. 396 40

51 urologic patients were dialyzed following acute indications during 1968-77. The 47 adults were 31-81 (average 59) years old. Due to the frequency of occurrence the predominant diseases were: Urolithiasis (combined with pyonephrosis, urosepsis, nephrocirrhosis), malignant tumors, and bladder neck adenomas. 18 patients were postoperative cases. 32 patients suffered from severe diseases or complications outside the urogenital tract. According to a differentiation of three risk groups, there were 33 patients belonging to the most severe group III. The patients' admission to the dialysis unit was late in most cases: 13 patients were already in coma or precoma, 18 patients overhydrated, 11 patients' serum potassium was more than 7 mval/1,28 patients' serum creatinine was more than 10 mg/dl. A prophylactic dialysis was possible in 11 cases only. We have accepted all 51 acute urologic patients, admitted to our clinic, for dialysis treatment. Peritoneal dialysis was performed in all 51 patients, only in 6 of them this treatment was followed by haemodialyses. The reasons for prefering peritoneal dialysis were haemorrhages or the danger of haemorrhages, a critical cardiovascular state, or an extreme acotaemia. In 143 peritoneal dialyses with 91 insertions of stilet catheters, one perforation of the small intestine occurred. The patient survived the resulting peritonitis. 13 of 15 patients with this indication got into an operable state in the course of dialysis treatment. Lethality of 61 per cent (31 of the 51 patients died) was related to the severity of the basic urologic disease. 4 of these latter patients could have been admitted to a regular dialysis treatment. In further 6 cases this would have been possible after a special urologic treatment.
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PMID:[Acute dialysis treatment of urologic patients]. 739 91

Records of 90 urolithiasis patients (50 boys and 40 girls) of 5 months to 18 years old (medium 8.7 yr) treated in our department from 1975 to 1993 were reviewed. Family history was found in 25 (27.7%), concomitant uropathy in 9 and predisposing factors to lithogenesis in 35 patients. The most frequent clinical manifestations were hematuria, lumbalgia, dysuria and calculus elimination. Urinary tract infection was found in 26 cases. Treatment modalities used were: medical in 31, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 12 surgery en 28, endoscopy en 1 and instrumental in 1. Six of 28 surgically treated patients presented residual urolithiasis and another 6 relapsed. Three complications were registered. Recovery from hydronephrosis and/or vesicoureteral reflux was seen in all patients with these lesions.
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PMID:[Course of the urinary lithiasis treatment in the Surgery Department of a Children's Hospital]. 776 77

Endo-urological techniques and extracorporeal shock waves lithotripsy (ESWL) have dramatically improved the management of urolithiasis in children. ESWL has been shown to be safe and effective, achieving a stone clearance rate up to 85% with minimal short-term morbidity, and this non-invasive method has become the first-line treatment for most upper urinary tract calculi in children. However, it long-term effects on kidney function and growth remain unknown, and its repeated use should therefore be restricted. Endo-urological techniques, mainly percutaneous procedures and ureteroscopy, and surgical procedures, are only indicated for large multiple stones, or secondary stones needing simultaneous treatment of an underlying uropathy.
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PMID:[Urological treatment of urolithiasis in children]. 799 54

Urinary stones are being recognized more frequently in children. As a result of major advancements in the urological therapies available to children with obstructed uropathy, infection-related stones no longer dominate the clinical manifestations of pediatric urolithiasis. Clinical manifestations of urolithiasis in children differ somewhat from adults and change during childhood. Causes of urolithiasis in children are remarkably similar to those of adults, although diagnostic criteria frequently vary throughout childhood. Hypercalciuria is the most common metabolic cause of pediatric urolithiasis. This article presents a general overview of urolithiasis in children and a practical approach to the medical evaluation of such children.
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PMID:Clinical approach to children with urolithiasis. 889 Mar 95

We reviewed published data on the frequency of underlying disorders in schoolchildren with microscopic or gross isolated haematuria (IH), and evaluated management strategies. We found five reports of microscopic IH in screened asymptomatic schoolchildren, three reports of microscopic IH detected by case-finding, and five surveys of kidney biopsies in referred children with microscopic and gross IH. We listed the reported underlying disorders, and estimated the benefit from their early detection and treatment. Most children with microscopic IH, whether detected by screening or case-finding, had no significant underlying disease. Some had disorders that may benefit from early treatment (membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, obstructive uropathy, urolithiasis), or counselling (hereditary nephropathy, renal cystic disease). The combined prevalence of these five diseases was 0-7.2% in children with microscopic IH detected by screening, and 3.3%-13.6% in those with microscopic IH detected by case-finding. The combined prevalence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and hereditary nephropathy among kidney biopsies was 11.6%-31.6% in children with microscopic IH, and 3.6%-42.1% in children with gross IH. Variable management strategies for schoolchildren with IH result from uncertainty about the frequency of underlying disorders and the efficacy of their early treatment. With no evidence that detecting IH leads to prevention of renal function impairment, screening for IH in symptomless schoolchildren is not warranted. Once detected, however, IH justifies further investigation.
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PMID:Symptomless microhaematuria in schoolchildren: causes for variable management strategies. 897 64

Urolithiasis is one of the most common causes of pain in pregnancy. Renal calculi can create a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge; left untreated, they can adversely affect maternal and fetal outcome. Although most cases of obstructive uropathy can be managed conservatively, some require relief of obstruction, usually by placement of a ureteral stent. We describe the use of ultrasound to identify an obstructed collecting system and provide guidance for placement of a double-pigtail ureteral stent in two pregnant patients. The technique used to manipulate the guide wire and stent into the renal pelvis under real-time ultrasound monitoring is discussed.
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PMID:Placement of ureteral stents in pregnancy using ultrasound guidance. 911 18

Various endo- and exogenous factors play a role in the urinary stones formation tract. The aim of the study was to define the type and frequency of hyperexcretion of lithogenic substances in school children population and to determine an influence of risk factors on hyperexcretion of crystallizing substances. The study included 220 school children. Preurolithiasis state (PS) was found in 30% children. The most frequently hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria and hypercalciuria were diagnosed and it may be connected with abnormal nutritional habits, excessive application of multivitamins, vitamin D and calcium, disturbances in drinking water chemical composition (higher amount of calcium, smaller amount of magnesium, abnormal pH). Urinary tract infections, particularly in children with obstructive uropathy are an important risk factor in the examined population. Positive familial history of urolithiasis in 43.3% children may indicate for the important role of the genetic factor in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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PMID:[The role of environmental factors in the formation of kidney calculi]. 1089 97


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