Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spontaneous cutaneous fistulae and abscesses of the renal pelvis and ureter have become rare. Six case reports demonstrate their etiology and differential diagnostic problems. If there is no underlying urologic disease, above all no urolithiasis, other causes of fistulae and abscesses should be kept in mind, the most frequent of these being Crohn's disease.
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PMID:[Spontaneous fistulae and abscesses of the upper urinary tract (author's transl)]. 50 87

A statistic survey was made on the patients, diseases and operations experienced at the Urological ward of Shizuoka Red Cross Hospital between 1981 and 1991. The total number of inpatients was 2,830 and the male to female ratio was 3.5 to 1. The most frequent diseases among the inpatients were obstructive uropathy (25.5%), malignant neoplasia (23.7%), non-specific infection (16.4%) urolithiasis (16.1%). The number of operations was 1922. Endoscopic surgery was the most frequent form of operation (55.2%).
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PMID:[Clinical statistics of the patients admitted to the Department of Urology Shizuoka Red Cross Hospital between 1981 and 1990]. 152 24

Thirteen urolithiasis patients with unilateral obstructive uropathy were treated with percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) either for urinary diversion, endopyelotomy, nephrolithtotmy or chemolysis. After percutaneous nephrostomy, the individual urine volume, creatinine clearance (Ccr), urinary absolute and fractional excretions of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate were measured separately in timed urine collections from a pigtail catheter and from the urethra. The data showed that Ccr and the absolute urinary excretions of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate were significantly lower in the PCN kidney immediately or 2 days after relief of obstruction. The ratio of total urinary calcium excretion to urinary creatinine excretion in the obstructed kidney was significantly greater than that in the contralateral kidney. The fractional excretions of calcium and magnesium increased as renal function decreased. The results showed that when the total Ccr is below normal, the apparent excretion of urinary calcium will be underestimated. However, when the total Ccr of patients is within normal range, hypercalciuria may be detected adequately and thus favors early implementation of an appropriate therapeutic strategy.
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PMID:Reduction of calcium excretion in the stone-forming kidney in unilateral ureteral obstruction. 188 28

From 1 January 1986 to 30 June 1989, 15 pregnant women were diagnosed as having urolithiasis. Patients presented in the last two trimesters with an infection of the lower part of the urinary tract (60 per cent), flank and abdominal pain (27 per cent) and hematuria (13 per cent). Ultrasonographic findings confirmed the diagnosis in 47 per cent of the patients. Other roentgenologic procedures were required in the remaining patients. Initially, therapy was conservative in all, and in 67 per cent of patients, no further intervention was necessary. Only 33 per cent required invasive measures; cystoscopic passage of an internal ureteral stent was the initial procedure of choice at our institution. Three of five patients who underwent invasive procedures had surgical intervention for relief of ureteral obstruction. Intensive care management was necessary for one of these three patients who had acute hemorrhage occur during the procedure. These data emphasize the need for the accurate diagnosis of urolithiasis during pregnancy. Ultrasonography was a valuable diagnostic technique, but a limited excretory urogram is safe and appropriate when there is uncertainty. Conservative management (hydration, analgesia and antibiotics as indicated) of obstructive uropathy was successful in the majority of instances. A specific clinical algorithm facilitated the successful management of patients necessitating operative intervention. Optimal management requires clinical suspicion and a precise diagnostic and therapeutic plan.
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PMID:An algorithm for diagnosis and therapy of management and complications of urolithiasis during pregnancy. 198 41

Although the SAC generally are healthy and tolerant of a wide variety of management schemes, a number of noninfectious diseases have been documented to occur, affecting all body systems. Gastrointestinal diseases appear to be the most common afflictions, particularly dental diseases, indigestion, ulceration of the third compartment, and the various causes of colic, such as enteritis, peritonitis, and intestinal accidents. Diseases of the urinary system (urolithiasis, amyloidosis, and glomerulonephritis in particular), the nervous system (especially various compressive lesions of the spinal cord), and the respiratory system (such as obstructive pulmonary diseases) are not uncommon. Diseases of the cardiovascular system (other than congenital defects), hemolymphatic system, and nonsurgical diseases of the musculoskeletal system only rarely are encountered. Heat stress appears to be a very common problem in certain areas, but other metabolic diseases (ketosis, hypocalcemia, and hypothyroidism) are of minor importance. It is assumed that SAC are susceptible to most of the same toxicities that affect domestic livestock species. The best documented examples appear to be the Ericaceae family of plants (laurels, rhododendrons, and so on) and the organophosphate chlorpyrifos. Neoplasia occasionally is seen; examples include lymphosarcoma, gastric squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. As the longevity of these species increases because of their pet status, neoplasia can be expected to become more common. The treatment of most of these conditions is based upon extrapolation from domestic ruminants.
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PMID:Noninfectious diseases, metabolic diseases, toxicities, and neoplastic diseases of South American camelids. 264 30

The density of calcium phosphate and the pH were determined in 15 postprandial urine specimens with heavy precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate, that is phosphaturia, collected from 5 patients with calcium urolithiasis (stone-formers) and 3 patients with no known urological disease (controls). Phosphaturia, not related to urinary tract infection or administration of alkalinizing agents, was found repeatedly at our outpatient clinic in these patients. The correlative relationship was not confirmed between the density of calcium phosphate and the pH. The concentration of calcium and phosphorus was also determined in 10 urine specimens with phosphaturia. The concentration of phosphorus was correlated significantly with the pH (r = -0.775, p less than 0.01), although the concentration of calcium was not correlated with the pH. The pH of 11 urine specimens with phosphaturia from the controls was 7.51 +/- 0.31 (mean +/- S.D.) and the pH of 18 urine specimens with phosphaturia from the stone-formers was 6.81 +/- 0.34. The pH was significantly lower in the urine specimens from the stone-formers than in those from the controls (p less than 0.01). We have noted that the occurrence of phosphaturia depends not only on the urinary pH but on the concentration of phosphorus. It is interesting that phosphaturia often occurs in urine specimens with a pH below 7 in stone-formers.
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PMID:[The role of urine pH in the occurrence of phosphaturia]. 281 12

The relation between vasectomy and renal disease was examined in the data collection phase of a study of vasectomy and coronary artery disease. The date of onset and type of urological disease was obtained for 11,205 men enrolled in the US Coronary Artery Surgery Study. Urolithiasis was the most common reported urological disease. The relative risk for calculi in men who had had a vasectomy ranged from 2.6 for patients 30-35 years old to 1.3 for those aged 55-65. The age-adjusted relative risk was 1.67 (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:Vasectomy and urolithiasis. 289 90

Numerous drugs used for a variety of medical conditions may be involved in urologic disease or dysfunction. Manifestations include sexual dysfunction, voiding disturbances, incontinence, renal impairment, urolithiasis, obstructive uropathy, urothelial tumors, and others. The office urologist thus must be aware of the possibilities, which are listed and discussed briefly.
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PMID:Urologic manifestations of drug therapy. 305 23

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in adults is recognized as a cause of urolithiasis. If IH is symptomatic, the symptoms are hematuria, renal colic, or obstructive uropathy with or without infection. In children, IH has been linked to the spectrum of urinary symptoms including hematuria, pyuria, dysuria, recurrent urinary infections, abdominal or suprapubic pain, proteinuria, and the frequency-urgency syndrome. Hematuria may appear prior to the appearance of stones, and thiazide therapy appears to prevent stone formation by decreasing urinary calcium excretion. This report describes an older adolescent with hematuria and flank pain. His urinary chemistry values were not consistently typical of IH, but a thiazide trial with withdrawal challenge was diagnostic. His case is remarkable because, though essentially an adult, his disease was typical of prepubertal disease. Adolescents with unexplained urinary symptoms should be evaluated for IH. The urinary calcium-creatinine ratio may not be elevated, and timed urinary calcium may be equivocal. In some cases a thiazide trial may be valuable and cost effective.
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PMID:Atypical idiopathic hypercalciuria in an adolescent. 318 67

Ureteral calculi were found in 5 children who were receiving or had recently completed remission induction therapy for acute leukemia or lymphoma. All 5 patients had abdominal or back pain and 3 had gross hematuria. The diagnosis of urolithiasis was suggested by excretory urograms that showed obstructive uropathy (4 patients) and by computerized tomography scans that demonstrated ureterovesical obstruction (1 patient with acute renal failure and anuria). With a single exception the calculi were not associated with urinary tract infections. Chemical analyses in the 2 patients tested indicated that the stones were composed of calcium, in contrast to the uric acid and xanthine compositions of stones in earlier studies of patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Factors that might have predisposed our patients to calculi formation include corticosteroid therapy, immobilization owing to bed rest and urinary alkalization. Other possible contributing factors were urinary stasis (2 patients) and a familial tendency for renal calculi to develop. There was no evidence of idiopathic hypercalciuria in either patient tested. Prompt detection of urolithiasis in children undergoing induction chemotherapy for a malignant disease may avoid potentially serious consequences from urinary tract obstruction.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in childhood acute leukemia and nonHodgkin's lymphoma. 346 63


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