Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 4-month-old, male castrated Alpine White goat presented to the University of Guelph, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, with urolithiasis and a ruptured urethra. A tube cystostomy was performed using an indwelling Foley catheter. Postoperatively, the goat remained in good health, and was discharged with the cystostomy catheter in situ. Five weeks following surgery, the goat was noted to pass urine through its urethra. Seven weeks following surgery, the catheter became dislodged and the goat was observed to urinate normally. Six months following surgery, the goat was apparently healthy and urinating normally. Tube cystostomy may be a useful therapeutic option in the management of small ruminants with obstructive urolithiasis with concurrent rupture of the urethra, especially for cases in which treatment cost is a limiting factor.
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PMID:Management of obstructive urolithiasis and concurrent urethral rupture in a goat. 1508 34

On 27 January 2000, a struvite calculus was observed in the vagina during necropsy of a 138-cm-long female bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) collected from the Stono River, South Carolina (USA). Vaginal calculi have been reported in other species of cetaceans but not in bottlenose dolphins. Urinary tract infection might have been an underlying cause of the calculus. While urinary tract inflammation was not detected by light microscopic evaluation of sections of the urinary tract, it is conceivable that sufficient time had lapsed following voiding of the calculus through the urethra for urinary tract infection to have resolved. To further define the prevalence and significance of urolithiasis, prosectors of dead stranded marine mammals are encouraged to closely observe their urinary and genital tracts for calculi and to submit them for quantitative analysis.
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PMID:Struvite calculus in the vagina of a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). 1513 99

Massive urolithiasis of the penile urethra was observed in an adult pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) stranded on Topsail Island, North Carolina, USA. Calculi occupied the urethra from just distal to the sigmoid flexure to the tip of the penis for a length of 43 cm. A urethral diverticulum was present proximal to the calculi. The major portion of the multinodular urolith weighed 208 g and was 16 cm long x 3.7 cm diameter at the widest point. The urolith was composed of 100% struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and on culture yielded Klebsiella oxytoca, a urease-positive bacterium occasionally associated with struvite urolith formation in domestic animals. Reaction to the calculi was characterized histologically by moderate multifocal to coalescing plasmacytic balanitis and penile urethritis. Role of the urethrolithiasis in the whale's stranding is speculative but could have involved pain or metabolic perturbations such as uremia or hyperammonemia.
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PMID:Struvite penile urethrolithiasis in a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps). 1546 32

We determined the position, dimensions, and structure of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra in 20 healthy, adult rams by use of ultrasonography. The findings were compared with those of seven rams with obstructive urolithiasis, thus establishing criteria for the diagnosis of urolithiasis via ultrasonography. A 5.0 MHz convex transducer was placed over the right paralumbar fossa to examine the kidneys, and a 5.0 MHz linear rectal transducer was used to examine the bladder and urethra transrectally. All examinations were performed on standing rams. The left kidney had a length of 8.4 +/- 0.3 cm (mean +/- SD), a width of 4.7 +/- 0.3 cm, and a depth of 4.4 +/- 0.3 cm. The diameter of the renal sinus of the left kidney was 1.5 +/- 0.2 cm. The circumference of the medullary pyramids measured 2.8 +/- 0.3 cm. Similar ultrasonographic measurements were obtained for the right kidney. The mean diameter of the bladder of 12 rams was 7.5 +/- 2.8 cm. The diameter of the bladder could not be determined in the remaining eight rams because it was greater than 10 cm and therefore beyond the penetration depth of the scanner. The only part of the urethra which could be visualized ultrasonographically was the internal urethral orifice. It had a diameter of 0.2 +/- 0.1 cm.Ultrasonographic examination of seven rams with obstructive urolithiasis revealed a markedly dilated urethra and urinary bladder. Due to severe cystitis, the contents of the urinary bladder appeared as multiple, tiny, uniformly distributed echoes. The renal pelvis and medullary pyramids of both kidneys were dilated in four rams. In two rams, uroperitoneum and accumulation of urine in the abdomen were diagnosed via ultrasonography. In one ram this was due to a ruptured ureter and in one to a ruptured bladder. The results of this study indicate that ultrasonography is a useful aid in the diagnosis of obstructive urolithiasis.
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PMID:Urinary tract ultrasonography in normal rams and in rams with obstructive urolithiasis. 1742 90

The examination and surgical treatment were performed in 34 kidney recipients (22 males and 12 females aged 16-65 years) with different urological diseases admitted to the urological clinic of M. F. Vladimirsky Moscow Region Research Clinical Institute in 1992-2007 3 weeks to 15 years after kidney transplantation. Most of the patients had urolithiasis, prostatic adenoma, some patients had renal cyst, implanted kidney tumor, tumor of the arteriosclerotic kidneys, posterior urethra stricture, posterior urethra valve. The recipients with such urological diseases as chronic pyelonephritis, vesicoureteral reflux, chronic prostatitis, chronic cystitis received conservative treatment outpatiently. Extracorporeal lithotripsy (ELT) was made in 12 patients (each patient, except one, was exposed to 2 sessions, one patient--3)--a total of 27 sessions. After the first ELT session fragments of the concrements (mean size 2-5 mm in diameter) evacuated spontaneously. Transurethral (retrograde) x-ray-endoscopic operations for removal of the transplanted kidney uroliths were not conducted as the newly created ostium in the upper part of the urinary bladder made it impossible to use a retrograde approach for elimination of the concrements. Kidney recipients with prostatic adenoma (2 and 5 years after transplantation) in 3 cases were subjected to scheduled TUR because of manifest obstructive symptoms. Four patients with AUR undergoing TUR showed intraoperative tissue hemorrhage as the operation was conducted during anticoagulant and anti-platelet therapy used early (3 months to 2 months after the transplantation. In view of this, TUR lasted longer as adequate hemostasis was needed. Urethral nitinol stenting was made in one patient with AUR and prostatic size over 60 cm3, TUR was made 4 months later. Thus, low invasive surgical interventions in kidney recipients with urological diseases have changed routive approaches to treatment of such patients consisting in open surgery which was often cancelled because of contraindications. ELT is a basic method of treatment of the transplant's uroliths, in other cases different endourologic interventions are used. Prostatic adenoma is treated, as a rule, surgically (TUR of the prostate).
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PMID:[Current trends in the treatment of urological patients with transplanted kidney]. 1952 68

Ten young, male, entire small ruminants (seven kids and three lambs) with obstructive urolithiasis, which were presented within three days of complete blockage and before rupture of the urinary bladder and urethra, underwent a minimally invasive surgical tube cystotomy through the left paralumbar fossa. The catheter was placed in the bladder lumen through a metallic cannula and fixed to the skin with a stay suture. Surgery was performed with the animal standing (six cases) or in right lateral recumbency (four cases) on the day of presentation. All animals were discharged the same day. Eight animals urinated normally within a mean of seven days (range four to 10 days). One animal had a blockage of urine flow as a result of kinking of the catheter on the third postoperative day, and in another the catheter collapsed on the fourth postoperative day. These were managed by a second, conventional surgical tube cystotomy. No recurrence of the condition was noticed in any of the animals during a six-month follow-up period.
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PMID:Minimally invasive surgical tube cystotomy for treating obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants with an intact urinary bladder. 2041 14

A 7-month-old, 4.3-kg, spayed female bichon frise was referred for evaluation of chronic urinary incontinence. Abdominal radiographs revealed calculi within the right kidney and ureter. An ultrasound revealed a small right kidney. An abdominal computed tomography scan with contrast revealed that the left ureter was extramurally ectopic, inserting into the proximal urethra. A right intramural ectopic ureter was identified during cystotomy. Ureteronephrectomy was performed on the right, and ureteroneocystostomy was performed on the left. A telephone conversation with the owner 4 months after surgery revealed that the dog exhibited no evidence of urine dribbling, and urinary continence was maintained well on phenyl-propanolamine (1.75 mg/kg orally q 12 hours). This is the first report of successful surgical management of bilateral ureteral ectopia with concurrent, unilateral, renal dysplasia and urolithiasis.
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PMID:Bilateral ureteral ectopia with renal dysplasia and urolithiasis in a dog. 2043 46

The purpose of the present study is to investigate main determining factors of effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in urethral stones and the influence of these factors on the number of necessary sessions of ESWL procedure. The problem presents a special interest for insurance medicine, as the number of sessions has a direct impact on the cost and length of treatment. The present investigation included 162 patients with urolithiasis having stones in urethra. To find out determining factors of effectiveness of ESWL in urethral stones the following factors were considered: size, localization, radioopacity of stone, its duration of stay in urethra, the degree of dilation of upper urinary tract. The influence of mentioned factors on the number of necessary ESWL sessions was investigated. On the basis of the present study a conclusion can be made that the principal factors determining the clinical efficacy of ESWL in urethral stones are the stone size, condition of upper urinary tract and radioopacity of stone. The level of localization of the stone in urethra has no influence on ESWL efficacy. Therefore in case of large size stones, their long stay in urethra and significant disorders of urodynamics in upper urinary tract, in marked radioopacity of stones more than one session of ESWL is required. In such cases, we recommend to consider other less invasive methods of treatment of urethral stones (ureterorenoscopy or percutaneous urethra lithotripsy).
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PMID:[Determining factors of effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in ureteral stones: results of own investigation]. 2049 19

Multiple urethral calculi-forming steinstrasse in the urethra leading to acute urinary retention is a rare event in pediatric urolithiasis. We report a child with urethral steinstrasse that cleared spontaneously with attempted urethral catheterization.
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PMID:Urethral steinstrasse causing acute urinary retention. 2118 51

Multicomponent biologically active additive Uroprofit made by Russian company Ecomir is used for phytotherapy of urolithiasis and urogenital infectious and inflammatory processes. Of 60 patients with urolithiasis and chronic pyelonephritis exposed to extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ECSWL), 30 patients received additional anti-inflammatory therapy with Uroprofit. As shown by reduction of leukocyturia and crystalluria, increased 24-h diuresis in patients with urolithiasis after exposure to ECSWL, a positive effect was achieved on urethral inflammation. Thus, Uroprofit phytotherapy has antiinflammatory, diuretic, lithokinetic effects which makes it appropriate for treatment and prophylaxis of infectious-inflammatory process in the urethra.
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PMID:[Phytotherapy in combined treatment of chronic infection of the upper urinary tract in patients exposed to extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy]. 2187 Apr 76


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