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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the last 17 years, 55 of 2,125 (2.6%) purebred beagles maintained in a closed colony had urolithiasis. Males comprised 72.7% of the affected animals. All the uroliths except one set in the kidneys were in the urinary bladder, the urethra, or both. All uroliths were nearly pure magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate. Partially inbred beagles had a 10.7% incidence of urolithiasis, compared to a 2.0% incidence in an outbred line.
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PMID:Incidence of struvite urinary calculi in two ancestral lines of beagles. 72 16

In a retrospective analysis of 438 cases of canine urolithiasis, a total of 561 urolithic episodes were found to have occurred in a 6 1/2-year period. The hospital incidence of urolithiasis during that period, defined as the proportion of dogs hospitalized with urolithiasis to the total number of dogs hospitalized, was 2.8%. The major chemical component of the calculus in 307 dogs was phosphate; in 95 dogs, cystine; in 21 dogs, urate; in 12 dogs, oxalate; and in 3 dogs, carbonate. The Miniature Schnauzer, Dachsund, Dalmatian, Pug, Bulldog, Welsh Corgi, Beagle, and Bassett Hound were breeds that had a significantly higher (P less than 0.05) incidence of calculi than did breeds of other dogs hospitalized. Predisposition for calculi, by sex, was not found. Most dogs with calculi were between 3 and 7 years old. Most calculi were radiopaque and were located in the bladder or in the bladder and urethra. Specimens for bacteriologic culture were obtained by catheterization or by swabbing of tissue at the surgical site. Of 259 specimens obtained, 181 were culture-positive. The most common organisms isolated were Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Streptococcus spp, and Klebsiella spp. Most of the bacteria were sensitive to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, cephalothin, and methanamine mandelate.
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PMID:Canine urolithiasis: retrospective analysis of 438 cases. 83 15

Between August 1987 and December 1990, 546 patients were admitted to the department of Urology at the Poh Ai Hospital of I-Lan, Taiwan, R.O.C. for the treatment of urinary stones. These urinary stone cases accounted for 50 to 60% of all urology patients admitted. The incidence of urolithiasis in I-Lan was estimated at 147/100,000 population in 1990. There were 402 male patients and 144 female patients, The male to female ratio was 2.8: 1. There were 450 upper urinary tract stones (kidney, ureter) in 314 males and 136 females, and 79 lower urinary tract stones (bladder, urethra) in 72 males and 7 females. The ratio of upper to lower urinary tract stones was 6:1. Endourological treatments such as percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and transurethral ureterolithotripsy have increased rapidly in recent years. A summary of the present analysis for composition of 365 stones follows. The most frequent type was calcium-containing stone (92.3%), followed by infection stone (4.7%), then uric acid (UA) stone (3.0%). There were no UA stones found in the female patients. According to urinalysis criteria of more than 10 WBC/HPF (x 400), pyuria was found in 67 cases of 334 metabolic stones (20.1%), and 11 cases of 17 infection stones (67.7%). There were neither pediatric case of stone formation nor cystine stones.
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PMID:[Clinical analysis of urolithiasis in Poh Ai Hospital of I-Lan, Taiwan, R.O.C.--a comparative study with urolithiasis in Japan]. 128 22

Medical records of 68 horses with urolithiasis were examined. Calculi were in the bladder in 47 horses, urethra in 11 horses, kidneys in 15 horses, and ureter in two horses. They occurred at several sites in six horses. Common clinical signs included hematuria, altered micturition (pollakiuria, dysuria, urinary incontinence), and tenesmus. Weight loss, possibly attributable to chronic renal failure and colic, was associated more commonly with renal and ureteral calculi. Weight loss also occurred in 13% of horses with cystic calculi only. In male horses, most cystic calculi were removed by perineal (ischial) urethrotomy under epidural anesthesia. Although there were few surgical complications with urethrotomy, seven of 15 horses with follow-up suffered recurrent urolithiasis.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in 68 horses. 158 59

Thirteen urolithiasis patients with unilateral obstructive uropathy were treated with percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) either for urinary diversion, endopyelotomy, nephrolithtotmy or chemolysis. After percutaneous nephrostomy, the individual urine volume, creatinine clearance (Ccr), urinary absolute and fractional excretions of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate were measured separately in timed urine collections from a pigtail catheter and from the urethra. The data showed that Ccr and the absolute urinary excretions of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate were significantly lower in the PCN kidney immediately or 2 days after relief of obstruction. The ratio of total urinary calcium excretion to urinary creatinine excretion in the obstructed kidney was significantly greater than that in the contralateral kidney. The fractional excretions of calcium and magnesium increased as renal function decreased. The results showed that when the total Ccr is below normal, the apparent excretion of urinary calcium will be underestimated. However, when the total Ccr of patients is within normal range, hypercalciuria may be detected adequately and thus favors early implementation of an appropriate therapeutic strategy.
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PMID:Reduction of calcium excretion in the stone-forming kidney in unilateral ureteral obstruction. 188 28

A review of equine urolithiasis is presented. Special emphasis is placed on clinical diagnosis and management. Although somewhat uncommon, urolithiasis is a potentially serious condition with an apparent predilection for male horses. Although the entire urinary tract is at risk for urolith formation, the bladder and urethra are most commonly affected. The principal signs include stranguria, hematuria, and dysuria. Severe abdominal discomfort is often observed in patients suffering from distal urinary tract obstructions. If urolithiasis is promptly identified, a variety of surgical techniques may be applied to resolve and treat this condition.
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PMID:Surgical management of urolithiasis. 306 6

A technique for catheterizing male small ruminants is described. The barrier formed by the presence of the urethral diverticulum is avoided by the use of a pre-curved catheter. The technique enables application of contrast studies of bladder and urethra in animals suspected of urolithiasis. Differentiation between cystitis and obstructive urolithiasis is possible and the indications for urethrostomy can be reduced.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in small ruminants. II. Cysto-urethrography as a new aid in diagnosis. 356 21

X-ray diffraction crystallography was used to determine the crystalline composition of 18 equine urinary calculi, including stones originating in the kidney, bladder and urethra. Calcium carbonate in the form of calcite was found to be the major component in all calculi examined. Other components commonly found included weddellite and substituted vaterite. Urine deposits from a number of normal horses were also examined. The significance of these findings, as well as those from a number of previous reports, are discussed in relation to the possible aetiology of urolithiasis in the horse.
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PMID:Crystalline composition of equine urinary calculi. 373 24

A seven-year-old Jersey bull used for artificial insemination showed clinical signs of obstructive urolithiasis. This was confirmed by catheterisation and subsequent urethrotomy over the site of obstruction distal to the sigmoid flexure. Although urine flow was elicited after removal of the calculi, this was only temporary and the animal had to be killed 24 hours later. On post mortem examination about 2 kg of round, smooth, pearl-like calculi were found in the urinary bladder and the urethra of the sigmoid flexure was studded with similar calculi. It was concluded that urethrotomy at the sigmoid flexure or penectomy post scrotally would not have alleviated this condition.
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PMID:Massive obstructive urolithiasis in a bull used for artificial insemination. 409 83

Silica "jack-stone" uroliths developed in the urinary bladder and urethra of 83 dogs living in the United States. Naturally occurring silica jack stones have not been encountered prior to 1976. German Shepherd Dogs comprised more than 1/3 of affected animals; the remainder encompassed 26 other breeds. In this series, 81 were males and 2 were females. The mean age of the dogs was 5.8 years, with a range of 1.5 to 12 years. Several observations prompt the hypothesis that development of silica uroliths may be related to diet. Although most silica uroliths had a characteristic jack-stone appearance, not all silica uroliths had a jack-stone configuration and not all jack stones were composed of silica. Some calculi were comprised of a combination of silica and struvite. Silica uroliths were radiodense, compared with adjacent tissue, but were not associated with identifiable crystals in urine. The urine pH of affected dogs varied from acid to alkaline. Silica urolithiasis recurred in 5 dogs following surgery. Urinary tract infections, when they occurred, appeared to be a sequela of silica urolithiasis. Pending further studies, management of silica uroliths should include their removal from the urinary tract and eradication of associated urinary tract infections. Prophylactic measures should include attempts to augment urine volume and change of diet.
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PMID:Canine Silica Urolithiasis. 626 85


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