Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author characterizes in detail 4340 patients with diffuse renal lesions (chronic glomerulonephritis, renal amyloidosis, lupoid nephritis, diabetic glomerulosclerosis and nephrosclerosis) coupled with different diseases of the urinary organs including urolithiasis, cancerous and tuberculous processes, purulent diseases of the kidneys and prostatic lesions. Stage III chronic renal failure (CRF) was revealed in 2073 (57.1%) out of the 4340 patients. All of them died because of uremia. The mean lifespan of the patients was 1.6 +/- 0.1 yr. since manifestation of the concomitant process. The shortest times of CRF onset, the highest frequency of stage III CRF and the least lifespan were noted in patients with double association, particularly in those suffering from associated chronic glomerulonephritis with renal amyloidosis and urinary bladder cancer in the stage of compression with tumor of the intramural parts of the ureters, namely they were 0.6 +/- 0.1, 100% and 1.0 +/- 0.1 yr., respectively. The author holds that the main reason for such an abrupt CRF onset in patients with concomitant renal lesions of any type lies in simultaneous combined influence on the kidneys of absolutely different diseases bearing in mind their etiology and pathogenesis. Besides, according to the author's data, considerable influences on the times of CRF onset and rates of its progress are produced by both the course and stage (phase) of the development of each of the coexistent diseases. Attention is drawn to the necessity of early participation of urologists in the solution of the problems concerned with the policy of managing nephrological patients with diseases of other organs of the urinary system as well as with permanent dynamic follow-up of all the patients with concomitant processes, especially with double ones.
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PMID:[The combination of diffuse kidney lesions with different diseases of the other organs of the urinary system (the diagnosis, characteristics of the course and outcomes)]. 221 8

The increased production and excretion of oxalate in primary hyperoxaluria causes urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis with renal failure, and systemic oxalosis. Systemic oxalosis occurs late in the course of the disease when there is both oxalate retention and increased oxalate synthesis. The uraemia can be controlled by conventional haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis but treatment cannot usually keep up with accelerated rate of oxalate production, and dialysed patients develop systemic oxalosis. Most attempts to treat primary hyperoxaluria by renal transplantation have been unsuccessful because of rapid recurrence of nephrocalcinosis with uraemia and systemic oxalosis. Dynamic studies of overall oxalate metabolism in vivo have shown that the renal retention factor becomes a major determinant of oxalosis when the GFR decreases to less than 25 ml min-1 1.73 m-2. We conclude provisionally that vigorous haemodialysis should be begun and transplantation arranged when the GFR reaches this level. Such early transplantation with vigorous perioperative haemodialysis and a large perioperative diuresis of water gives good immediate graft function and oxalate mobilisation from the miscible oxalate pool. The longer term outlook is then influenced more by the factors which determine the success of renal transplantation in non-hyperoxaluric patients.
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PMID:Renal transplantation in primary hyperoxaluria. 331 61

The clinical course of 61 patients with post-renal acute renal failure caused by ureteral obstruction seen between January, 1976 and December, 1985, was studied retrospectively. Twenty of the patients were men between 55 and 85 years old, and 41 were women between 35 and 82 years old. In 50 of the 61 patients, uremia was caused by ureteral obstruction secondary to malignant tumors, and in 11, it was secondary to benign diseases. We divided the patients into two groups, those with primary malignant tumors and those with benign diseases. The location of the primary tumors in the malignant group was the genital system in 28 patients, upper gastrointestinal tract in 7, colorectum in 12, the urinary system in 2, and one was unclear. The benign group included 4 with urolithiasis, 3 with pelviureteral junction stenosis, 3 with post-operative ureteral stricture, and 1 with bilateral ureteral ligation due to operation error. Urinary diversion or reconstruction was performed on 56 of the 61 patients; bilateral nephrostomy in 6, unilateral nephrostomy in 16, bilateral ureterocutaneostomy in 8, unilateral ureterocutaneostomy in 11, unilateral nephrostomy with contralateral ureterocutaneostomy in 2, ureterolithotomy in 2, pyeloplasty in 2, ureterovesiconeostomy in 1, and insertion of a ureteral stent in 8. Of the remaining 4 patients 3 were treated by hemodialysis, and the other patient refused treatment. There was no significant difference in recovery of renal function between those patients undergoing only unilateral diversion and those undergoing bilateral diversion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies on 61 patients with post-renal acute renal failure caused by ureteral obstruction]. 368 22

The problems and interactions of urolithiasis and monorenality are presented in a survey covering four essential parameters: --Urolithiasis as an indication for nephrectomy: One nephrectomy in four is performed because of urolithiasis. This rate of nephrectomy has not changed in the last 50 years. --Recidive urolithiasis in the residual kidney: Around 37% of all monorenal persons have a diseased single or residual kidney. On average one in four cases of residual kidney disease is caused by urolithiasis. This recidive calculus quota has also not significantly changed in recent decades. --Lethality of operations on the residual kidney: Urolithiasis is becoming almost the only indication for operating on a residual kidney; due to postrenal anuria, uraemia and urosepsis a large percentage of such operations are emergency operations under extremely unfavourable initial conditions. Despite the use of modern methods of medical treatment the lethality rate is for this reason still relatively high (7-15%). --Life expectancy of monorenals with urolithiasis: The life expectancy of monorenals with urolithiasis is clearly limited due to further complications (chronic pyelonephritis, hypertonia, urinary stasis and uraemia). It is therefore absolutely necessary for monorenal persons with urolithiasis to have intensive observation and urological treatment.
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PMID:[Urinary calculi and the single kidney]. 663 73

An outbreak of urolithiasis that doubled the annual mortality rate of chickens in a large flock of table-egg-layers is described. Despite the presence of a large unilateral urolith and/or severe renal atrophy, the layers often maintained active egg production and apparent homeostasis until a small urolith blocked the ureteral flow from the contralateral kidney. This terminal episode appeared to produce acute obstructive renal failure, rapidly developing visceral gout (visceral urate deposition), uremia, and death. The atrophy observed appeared to be acquired and progressive. Histologic features in the kidneys were acute to chronic glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. Epizootiologic and microbiologic studies indicated that a combination of infectious and noninfectious mechanisms may have been involved. Causative roles for calcium-phosphate imbalance, infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease (ND), and adenovirus or reovirus infections could be neither excluded nor confirmed. Contributory factors may have been spray ND-IB and other vaccinations of 15-week-old ND-IB-susceptible pullets, water deprivation, shipping stress, Mycoplasma synoviae infection, immune complex disease, and mycotoxins.
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PMID:Epizootiology, pathology, and microbiology of an outbreak of urolithiasis in chickens. 672 98

Renal failure remains a serious cause of mortality in Yemen. Our region has 1.25 million population and our hospital is the central hospital, which has a nephrology department and performs dialysis for the region. Between January 1998 and December 2002, we admitted 547 patients; including children, with acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF). CRF was observed in 400 patients, an incidence of 64 per million per year and a prevalence of 320 per million. ARF occurred in 147 persons with an incidence of 23.5 per million per year and a prevalence of 117.5 patients per million. Of all patients, 72% were adults (age range, 20-60 years) with a male preponderance. As a tropical country, malaria (27.9%), diarrhea (13.6%), and other infectious diseases were the main causes. Next most common were obstructive diseases causing CRF and ARF (26.8% and 12.9%, respectively), mainly urolithiasis, Schistosomiasis, and prostatic enlargement. However the cause of CRF in 57.5% of patients was unknown as most persons presented late with end-stage disease (64.7%), requiring immediate intervention. Other causes, such as hepatorenal syndrome, snake bite, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, showed low occurrence rates. Patients presented to the hospital mostly in severe uremia and without a clear history of prior medications. The major findings were vomiting, acidosis, and hypertension with serum creatinine values ranging between 2.8-45 mg/dL (mean value, 13.4 mg/dL). Anemia was observed in 80.4% of CRF versus 62.6% of ARF patients. Hypertension prevalence was 65.5% among CRF patients, of whom 25% were in hypertensive crisis, whereas among ARF the prevalence was only 26.5%.
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PMID:Renal failure in Yemen. 1535 Apr 75

Massive urolithiasis of the penile urethra was observed in an adult pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) stranded on Topsail Island, North Carolina, USA. Calculi occupied the urethra from just distal to the sigmoid flexure to the tip of the penis for a length of 43 cm. A urethral diverticulum was present proximal to the calculi. The major portion of the multinodular urolith weighed 208 g and was 16 cm long x 3.7 cm diameter at the widest point. The urolith was composed of 100% struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and on culture yielded Klebsiella oxytoca, a urease-positive bacterium occasionally associated with struvite urolith formation in domestic animals. Reaction to the calculi was characterized histologically by moderate multifocal to coalescing plasmacytic balanitis and penile urethritis. Role of the urethrolithiasis in the whale's stranding is speculative but could have involved pain or metabolic perturbations such as uremia or hyperammonemia.
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PMID:Struvite penile urethrolithiasis in a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps). 1546 32

To determine the clinical, biological, and radiological futures of primary hyper-oxaluria type 1 in Tunisian children, we retrospectively studied 44 children with primary hyper-oxaluria type 1 who were treated in our center from 1995 to 2009. The diagnosis was established by quantitative urinary oxalate excretion. In patients with renal impairment, the diagnosis was made by infrared spectroscopy of stones or kidney biopsies. The male-to-female ratio was 1:2. The median age at diagnosis was 5.75 years. About 43% of the patients were diagnosed before the age of five years with initial symptoms dominated by uremia. Four patients were asymptomatic and diagnosed by sibling screenings of known patients. Nephrocalcinosis was present in all the patients; it was cortical in 34%, medullary in 32%, and global in 34%. At diagnosis, 12 (27%) children were in end-stage renal disease. Pyridoxine response, which is defined by a reduction in urine oxalate excretion of 60% or more, was obtained in 27% of the cases. In the majority of patients, the clinical expression of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 was characterized by nephrocalcinosis, urolithiasis, and renal failure; pyridoxine sensitivity was associated with better outcome.
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PMID:Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in Tunisian children. 2238 46