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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between August 1987 and December 1990, 546 patients were admitted to the department of Urology at the Poh Ai Hospital of I-Lan, Taiwan, R.O.C. for the treatment of urinary stones. These urinary stone cases accounted for 50 to 60% of all urology patients admitted. The incidence of urolithiasis in I-Lan was estimated at 147/100,000 population in 1990. There were 402 male patients and 144 female patients, The male to female ratio was 2.8: 1. There were 450 upper urinary tract stones (kidney, ureter) in 314 males and 136 females, and 79 lower urinary tract stones (bladder, urethra) in 72 males and 7 females. The ratio of upper to lower urinary tract stones was 6:1. Endourological treatments such as percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and transurethral ureterolithotripsy have increased rapidly in recent years. A summary of the present analysis for composition of 365 stones follows. The most frequent type was calcium-containing stone (92.3%), followed by infection stone (4.7%), then uric acid (UA) stone (3.0%). There were no UA stones found in the female patients. According to urinalysis criteria of more than 10 WBC/HPF (x 400), pyuria was found in 67 cases of 334 metabolic stones (20.1%), and 11 cases of 17 infection stones (67.7%). There were neither pediatric case of stone formation nor cystine stones.
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PMID:[Clinical analysis of urolithiasis in Poh Ai Hospital of I-Lan, Taiwan, R.O.C.--a comparative study with urolithiasis in Japan]. 128 22

A retrospective study of childhood urolithiasis was performed from July 1978 to December 1989 in the National Taiwan University Hospital. During the eleven years, fourteen patients aged from 1 to 16 years were enrolled. The male to female ratio was 10:4, but no sex predilection was found in seven children with bladder stone(s) (M:F = 4:3), Hematuria and pyuria were the commonest symptoms and signs. Bladder stone was the most frequently encountered stone while renal stone was the second. The underlying factors included urinary tract anomalies, and surgical intervention of the urinary tract and trauma. Proteus species was the most common bacterium isolated from the urine of stone patients. However, half of the patients' urine specimens were sterile. Calcium oxalate and struvite were the two main components of the stones irrespective of renal, ureteral, or bladder stone origin. Lithotomy, endourological removal, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy were the major therapeutic procedures, but the last procedure might replace the others.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in children. 206 81

We evaluated 32 patients with urinary calculi under 16 years of age over the past 14 years since the founding of the Department of Urology, Kinki University School of Medicine. They comprised 0.8% of the total urolithiasis patients. They consisted of 18 boys and 14 girls with a male-to-female ratio of 1.29. The average age was 8.7 years for boys and 10.4 years for girls without any marked peak. The most frequently chief complaint was hematuria which was present in 15 cases (47%). Although pyuria was seen in seven cases (22%), urinary bacterial culture was positive only in 5. The underlying diseases could be diagnosed in 13 cases (41%), of which eight cases (62%) developed metabolic disorder. The sites of calculi were determined in 29 cases (91%), of which 28 had stones in the upper urinary tract. Surgical treatment was performed on 16 cases in 17 sessions. Ureterolithotomy was done in as many as five cases, followed by pyeloplasty in four cases. Nephrectomy was performed in only one case. There was only one case which had been treated with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The composition of calculi was found in 21 cases (66%), the majority or 13 cases (57%) of which had calcium-containing stones. Nevertheless, there was no case of hypercalciuria. When compared to the previous reports in Japan, it was worthy of note that calculi in the upper urinary tract and calcium-containing stones had higher incidences. It is expected that more patients will be treated with ESWL in the future.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies on thirty-two cases of childhood urolithiasis]. 223 29

The efficacy of a diet designed to facilitate dissolution of feline magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) uroliths was evaluated in 30 cases of urolithiasis, sterile struvite uroliths dissolved in a mean of 36 days after initiation of dietary treatment. In 5 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-negative bacterial urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 23 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. In 3 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-positive staphylococcal urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 79 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. Dissolution of uroliths in cats fed the treatment diet was associated with concomitant remission of dysuria, hematuria, and pyuria, and reduction in urine pH and struvite crystalluria. In one case, a urocystolith composed of 100% ammonium urate, and in another case, a urolith composed of 60% calcium phosphate, 20% calcium oxalate, and 20% magnesium ammonium phosphate did not dissolve.
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PMID:Medical dissolution of feline struvite urocystoliths. 232 73

We experienced 112 cases of urolithiasis treated with transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUL) between December, 1985 and September, 1988. We analyzed 35 patients treated with TUL and who had come to our hospital to be examined by cystography, renal ultrasonography, plain X-ray, and urinalysis more than 3 months later. The follow-up term ranged from 3 to 30 months after TUL. The patients were treated using a 12Fr Stortz rigid lithotripter or flexible uretero-fiberscope with electrohydraulic lithotripter. Urinalysis, kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray (KUB), ultra-sonography and cystogram were the main disciplines for follow-up. Urinalysis revealed 4 cases of hematuria, 3 cases of hematopyuria and 2 cases of pyuria. KUB showed no newly formed stones, but 2 cases of ureteral stones had moved from the kidneys. Renal ultrasonography demonstrated no hydronephrosis of operated side, except for 1 case of mild hydronephrosis, who had had severe hydronephrosis preoperatively. We searched for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in 34 of the long-term follow-up patients after TUL, but no VUR was seen on their cystograms. No significant late complications of TUL were observed. No harmful effects of ureteral dilation during transureteral operation were found even in long-term follow-up patients.
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PMID:[Long-term follow-up results of TUL (transurethral ureterolithotripsy)]. 235 2

Thirty eight patients with medullary sponge kidney (MSK) were detected (4.3%) in 881 patients with urolithiasis diagnosed by drip infusion pyelography in 12 years from January 1974 to December 1985. Those with MSK were studied clinically and as to metabolism of urolithiasis. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Age distribution of the patients with MSK was the same as that of general stone formers. 2) Hematuria was observed in 20 patients (52.6%) and pyuria in 7, in whom 4 were positive by urine culture (E. coli in 3 and P. mirabilis in 1) and 2 of them had infective stones. 3) Renal function of the patients examined by PSP test (20 patients) and creatinine clearance test (21 patients) was normal in all of the patients but three with ureteral caliculi. Concentration tests performed by Fishberg method (12 patients) were disturbed in half of them. 4) Affected lesions wer detected at more than three pyramides in each kidney and the bilaterals were found in 32 patients (84.2%) and at less than two pyramides in each kidney and the unilateral or the bilaterals were shown in the other 6. 5) When urinary levels of calcium, phosphate, uric acid and citrate using 24 hours urine were compared with 37 patients with MSK and 100 general stone formers, there was no difference in hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria accounting for the frequency of the patients with MSK and the general stone formers, but there was a tendency of increased frequency about hyperphosphaturia and hypocitraturia in the patients with MSK.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies on medullary sponge kidney evaluated from urolithiasis]. 235 14

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in adults is recognized as a cause of urolithiasis. If IH is symptomatic, the symptoms are hematuria, renal colic, or obstructive uropathy with or without infection. In children, IH has been linked to the spectrum of urinary symptoms including hematuria, pyuria, dysuria, recurrent urinary infections, abdominal or suprapubic pain, proteinuria, and the frequency-urgency syndrome. Hematuria may appear prior to the appearance of stones, and thiazide therapy appears to prevent stone formation by decreasing urinary calcium excretion. This report describes an older adolescent with hematuria and flank pain. His urinary chemistry values were not consistently typical of IH, but a thiazide trial with withdrawal challenge was diagnostic. His case is remarkable because, though essentially an adult, his disease was typical of prepubertal disease. Adolescents with unexplained urinary symptoms should be evaluated for IH. The urinary calcium-creatinine ratio may not be elevated, and timed urinary calcium may be equivocal. In some cases a thiazide trial may be valuable and cost effective.
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PMID:Atypical idiopathic hypercalciuria in an adolescent. 318 67

A group of 28 Syrian children (19 males and 9 females; age ranging from 2.5 to 12 years) were diagnosed clinically and radiologically to have upper urinary tract stones. The commonest presentations were renal colic, vomiting, haematuria, pyrexia and vague abdominal pain. Family history of renal stones was present in 21% of cases. Haematological picture and chemical analysis of blood were within the normal limits for their age and sex. Urine analysis, however, showed significantly marked increase in the 24-hour excretions of calcium and uric acid. Microscopic examination showed haematuria and pyuria in 72% of the children with urolithiasis. Chemical analysis of removed stones revealed that most of them were mixed stones of calcium oxalate and urate or/and phosphate. Pure stones of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate were less common. Radiologically, about 95% of all stones were demonstrated by plain X-ray, while 5% only after IVP.
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PMID:Some features of paediatric urolithiasis in a group of Syrian children. 358 9

We recently experienced two cases of encrustation and stone formation on double J ureteral stent which had been indwelt at pyeloplasty and at pyelolithotomy. In these patients, bacteriuria and pyuria had continued. Encrustation and stone formation were recognized by follow-up X-ray fairly soon after operation. Judging from our experience, encrustation and stone formation should be suspected in patients with persistent bacteriuria and/or pyuria and who have episodes of urolithiasis. To avoid encrustation and stone formation, the ureteral stent should be replaced more frequently.
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PMID:[Encrustation and stone formation in double J ureteral stent: report of two cases]. 376 47

Clinical and epidemiological studies were performed on 1,184 cases of urolithiasis treated in the Department of Urology, Poh Ai Hospital. The incidence of urolithiasis was 147/100,000 population in 1991. The highest incidence was found in patients in their 50s. The male to female ratio was 2.9:1. There were 895 cases with single stones, and 289 cases with multiple stones. The ratio of upper to lower urinary tract stones was 13.6:1. Among the hospitalized patients, 673 cases (56.8%) underwent surgical treatment and 511 cases (43.2%) received conservative treatment with spontaneous stone passage. Among 1071 cases of upper urinary tract calculi, 567 cases (52.9%) underwent surgical treatment: 236 cases (41.6%) were treated by endoscopic surgery, 176 cases (31.0%) were treated by open-surgery and 131 cases (23.1%) by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Among 79 cases of lower urinary tract calculi, 75 cases (94.9%) were treated surgically: 68 cases (90.7%) by transurethral endoscopic surgery and 7 cases (9.3%) by cystolithotomy. According to analysis of 365 stones, the most frequent type was calcium-containing stones (92.3%). Pyuria was noted in 250 out of 1,086 (23.0%) cases. Bacteriuria was noted in 202 out of 914 (22.1%) cases. Concerning organisms isolated from the urine, Staphylococcus epidermidis was found most frequently (55/202). Stone patients increased in number during the summer season (July and August). Systematic questionnaires completed by the patients with urolithiasis, lead us to the following conclusions: 1) 50.7% (216/438) of patients gave a past history of urolithiasis, and 2) family histories showed that males whose siblings had urolithiasis were at the highest risk of uolithiasis, followed by those whose fathers had a history of urolithiasis.
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PMID:[Clinical and epidemiological studies on urolithiasis in Ilan]. 760 72


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