Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hematuria is the presence of more than 5 RBC's in repeated urinary sediments. Erythrocyturia may be present as an isolated finding or it may be associated to other clinical findings that may lead to the etiology of the hematuria. Its origin may be renal or extrarenal. In the neonate, meatal or urethral bleeding, polycystic kidney or hydronephrosis must be considered. In the infant, hematuria may be due to vascular disease, renal vein thrombosis, as well as to urinary tract infection, urinary tract obstruction or acute tubular interstitial nephritis due to drug ingestion. Primary and secondary glomerulopathies, urinary tract infection and urolithiasis are the most frequent causes of hematuria in pre-school or school-age children. The diagnostic approach emphasizes the importance of the clinical history, familial background and the circumstances of presentation. RBC casts and proteinuria may suggest the presence of a glomerulopathy. Leukocyturia is more frequent in urinary tract infections and requires urine cultures and intravenous pyelogram. In cases of isolated hematuria, blood clotting test, P. T., P.T.T., platelet count and RBC's morphology may be required to rule out hematological disorders. The intravenous pyelogram, voiding cystogram, and occasionally cystoscopy will help to rule out urological abnormalities. If the previous results were negative, the renal biopsy will help to distinguish IgA mesangiopathy, Alport's syndrome or essential hematuria; this last diagnosis resulting by exclusion.
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PMID:[Diagnostic significance of hematuria in pediatrics]. 75 4

Renal function studies were performed in 524 gouty subjects, including follow-up studies at intervals up to 12 years in 112 of them. In 49 subjects, the glomerular filtration rate was less than 70 ml/min and Curate:glomerular filtration rate ratio tended to rise as the glomerular filtration rate decreased, reflecting a relatively stable urate excretion over varying filtered urate loads. The increment in Tsurate:glomerular filtration rate was small with spontaneous Purate between 7 and 9 mg/100 ml. It was modest with Purate up to 10 mg/100 ml. The increment in Tsurate:glomerular filtration rate became much higher beyond Purate of 10 mg/100 ml. Urinary urate levels above 800 mug/min, designated as excess urate excretion, occurred more commonly in subjects with Purate above 9 mg/100 ml, and with better preserved renal function. Tophi were more frequently observed in subjects with low glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria; but incidence of urolithiasis seemed to be less affected by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. Hyperuricemia alone had no deleterious effect on renal function as evidenced by follow-up studies over periods up to 12 years. Deterioration of renal function was largely associated with aging, renal vascular disease, renal calculi with pyelonephritis or independently occurring nephropathy. In only very few instances was diminished renal function ascribable to gout alone.
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PMID:Renal function in gout. IV. An analysis of 524 gouty subjects including long-term follow-up studies. 120 33

The examination of 630 miners aged 18-64 working in the mines of the Lugansk region revealed urinary and renal diseases in 15.7% of them. They were affected with chronic prostatitis (34.3%), urolithiasis (27.2%), chronic pyelonephritis (14.2%), 162 miners (33%) out of 490 had urinary shifts (hematuria in 91, proteinuria in 52, both hematuria and proteinuria in 19 examinees) when examined upon ascending from the mine. 61 miners had urinary syndrome only after working shifts. It was unrelated to relevant diseases. The authors point out the necessity of active screening of renal and urinary diseases during routine medical check-ups in miners.
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PMID:[Diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract and possibilities of their active detection in miners]. 138 82

Hematuria in rabbits has been associated with uterine adenocarcinoma, uterine polyps, renal infarction, urolithiasis, cystitis, bladder polyps, and pyelonephritis. Three adult female New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) developed apparent hematuria, as suggested by blood in their excreta pans. They had been immunized with antigen-adjuvant emulsions, but had uneventful clinical histories. Physical examination disclosed no abnormalities, and laboratory tests, including hematology, serum chemistries, urinalyses, urine cultures, ultrasonography, and intravenous pyelography disclosed mild anemia, hematuria, and proteinuria in two of the rabbits. Antibiotic therapy failed to alleviate clinical signs. Two rabbits were euthanized because of persistent urogenital bleeding and the third rabbit underwent exploratory laparotomy and ovariohysterectomy. Multiple endometrial venous aneurysms were present in the uteri of all rabbits and urogenital bleeding was attributed to episodic bleeding from these lesions. Varices and aneurysms of uterine subserosal and myometrial venous plexuses, but not of endometrial vessels in women have been reported. To our knowledge, endometrial venous aneurysms have not been reported in animals previously. Our findings indicate that the differential diagnoses for sporadic apparent hematuria in female rabbits should include endometrial aneurysms.
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PMID:Endometrial venous aneurysms in three New Zealand white rabbits. 143 95

We describe 3 cases of urinary calculi that developed during the course of long-term solvent abuse. The patients regularly sniffed a lacquer thinner (major component toluene) or a cement (xylene and cyclohexane) for 2 to 6 years before the development of urolithiasis. The occurrence of proteinuria and hematuria was closely related to solvent sniffing in 2 of the 3 patients. Regular, long-term solvent abuse must be included in the causes of urolithiasis, particularly in juveniles and young adults.
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PMID:Urinary calculi associated with solvent abuse. 156 87

In 26 healthy individuals and 114 patients with urolithiasis, total urine protein levels were measured in a single sample by using the stain ponceau S. The findings were statistically analyzed. The levels of the protein were found to be 27-80 mg/l in the healthy individuals, while the distribution of the data was asymmetric as viewed from high values. The patients with urolithiasis exhibited their protein levels according to the type of nephrolithiasis. Proteinuria was demonstrated to be less pronounced in patients with oxalate and urate nephrolithiasis than in patients with coral phosphate calculi. There was a substantial asymmetry in the distribution of total urine protein for all the examined groups of urolithiasis patients, as well as great dispersion values, which fails to regard the parameter alone as a diagnostic criterion for the type of nephrolithiasis. At the same time it was noted that simultaneous examination of the levels of total protein, uric acid, potassium, and sodium enabled the type of a concrement (oxalate or phosphate) to be in vivo estimated with approximately 85% probability.
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PMID:[Total urinary protein in different types of nephrolithiasis]. 194 15

A 26-year-old male with nephrotic syndrome (NS) due to alpha-mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG) is described. In March, 1988, he was diagnosed as having familial cystinuria after receiving urolithiasis treatment since December, 1985. Massive proteinuria and slight pedal edema were noted. Nephrotic syndrome was suggested and renal biopsy was performed. The renal pathological finding demonstrated membranous glomerulonephritis (MN) at stage I. This case was defined as NS clinically associated with MPG, and glucocorticoid intake was initiated. The response to the glucocorticoids was fairly good with no clinical problems after discontinuation of MPG, and the cystinuria was maintained with alkaline medication. The patient's parents and younger brother were suggested and confirmed to have cystinuria based on urinary aminogram analysis, but displayed no symptoms. We present a rare case of NS due to MPG therapy in a patient with familial cystinuria. However, the mechanism of onset remains unclear.
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PMID:A case of nephrotic syndrome due to alpha-mercaptopropionyl glycine in a patient with familial cystinuria. 225 Apr 12

A prospective multicenter study was designed to determine the frequency and prognostic importance of hypercalciuria in children with hematuria. Urinary calcium excretion was examined in 215 patients with unexplained isolated hematuria (no proteinuria, urolithiasis, infection or systemic disorder). Hypercalciuria (urinary calcium excretion greater than 4 mg/kg/day) was identified in 76 patients (35%). Compared to patients with normal urinary calcium excretion, children with hematuria and hypercalciuria were characterized by male preponderance, white race, family history of urolithiasis, gross hematuria and calcium oxalate crystals. Renal biopsies were performed in 10 patients with urinary calcium excretion 0.4 to 2.5 mg/kg/day; three had IgA glomerulonephritis, three had glomerular basement membrane thinning, one had proliferative glomerulonephritis and three were normal. Renal biopsies in three patients with hypercalciuria showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, hereditary nephritis or no abnormalities. Oral calcium loading tests showed renal hypercalciuria in 26 patients, absorptive hypercalciuria in 15 patients and were not diagnostic in 35 patients. Serum parathyroid hormone, bicarbonate and phosphorus and urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations were similar in the three groups of hypercalciuric patients. Urinary calcium excretion after one week of dietary calcium restriction was higher (5.8 mg/kg/day) in renal hypercalciuria than in other hypercalciuric patients (3.4 mg/kg/day), P less than 0.01. One to four years follow-up was available for 184 patients. Eight of 60 hypercalciuric patients developed urolithiasis or renal colic compared to 2 of 124 patients with normal urinary calcium excretion (P less than 0.001). Hypercalciuria is commonly associated with isolated hematuria and represents a risk factor for future urolithiasis in children with hematuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Idiopathic hypercalciuria: association with isolated hematuria and risk for urolithiasis in children. The Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. 240 91

A retrospective multicentre study of 341 children with persistent/recurrent, isolated haematuria is described. The haematuria was isolated for at least 6 months at the beginning of observation. The duration of follow-up was 2-5 years in 201, 5-10 years in 119, 10-15 years in 19, and over 15 years in 2 cases. Of these patients 47.8% became symptom-free. In 18.4% the haematuria remained isolated; in 13.8% it was combined with proteinuria over 250 mg/day more than 2 years later. The occurrence of associated proteinuria increased progressively with time. It was 8.6% between the 3rd and 5th years, and 37.0% after the 5th year. Renal biopsy was performed because of the symptoms of glomerular disease in 47 cases at an average time of 12 months following the appearance of proteinuria. Proteinuria appeared after a 2-5, 5-10, 10-15 and more than 15 years follow-up period in 16, 23, 6, and 2 patients respectively; 14 of them had Alport's nephropathy. The percentage of more serious azotaemia was 1.7 (creatinine clearance: 10-50 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and 0.3 (creatinine clearance: less than 10 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Mortality was 0.58%. Most of the patients who developed severe azotaemia had persistent microscopic haematuria at the beginning. The prevalence of hypertension was only 1.2%. The time of its appearance was above 5 years in 2 and below 5 years in 2 cases. All these patients had chronic glomerulonephritis. The haematuria was associated with hypercalciuria in 19.9%. In 14.3% of the overall group of patients urolithiasis developed 2-15 years after onset. All of these had hypercalciuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of patients with persistent/recurrent, isolated haematuria: a Hungarian multicentre study. 270

A retrospective multicentre study of 341 children with persistent/recurrent, isolated haematuria is described. The haematuria was isolated for at least half a year in the beginning of observation. 47.8% of the patients became symptom-free. In 18.4% the haematuria remained isolated, in 13.8% it was combined with greater than 250 mg/day proteinuria greater than 2 years later. The occurrence of associated proteinuria was 8.6% between the 3rd to fifth years, and 37.0% after the 5th years. 14 cases had Alport's nephropathy. The percentage of more serious azotaemia was 1.7 (Ccreat: 10-50 ml/min/1.73 m2) and 0.3 (Ccreat: less than 10 ml/min/1.73 m2). Mortality was 0.58%, rate of hypertension 1.2%. Most of the patients who developed severe azotaemia, had persistent microscopic haematuria in the beginning. The haematuria was associated with hypercalciuria in 19.9%. In 14.3% of the overall group of patients urolithiasis developed 2-15 years after onset. All of them had hypercalciuria. Our findings suggest that symptoms of isolated haematuria may last for a long-term period and need systematic control. When proteinuria and/or hypertension associates to haematuria a worse prognosis can be expected.
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PMID:[Long-term follow up of chronic recurrent isolated hematuria]. 274 57


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