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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author characterizes in detail 4340 patients with diffuse renal lesions (chronic glomerulonephritis, renal amyloidosis, lupoid nephritis, diabetic glomerulosclerosis and nephrosclerosis) coupled with different diseases of the urinary organs including urolithiasis, cancerous and tuberculous processes, purulent diseases of the kidneys and prostatic lesions. Stage III chronic renal failure (CRF) was revealed in 2073 (57.1%) out of the 4340 patients. All of them died because of uremia. The mean lifespan of the patients was 1.6 +/- 0.1 yr. since manifestation of the concomitant process. The shortest times of CRF onset, the highest frequency of stage III CRF and the least lifespan were noted in patients with double association, particularly in those suffering from associated chronic glomerulonephritis with renal amyloidosis and urinary bladder cancer in the stage of compression with tumor of the intramural parts of the ureters, namely they were 0.6 +/- 0.1, 100% and 1.0 +/- 0.1 yr., respectively. The author holds that the main reason for such an abrupt CRF onset in patients with concomitant renal lesions of any type lies in simultaneous combined influence on the kidneys of absolutely different diseases bearing in mind their etiology and pathogenesis. Besides, according to the author's data, considerable influences on the times of CRF onset and rates of its progress are produced by both the course and stage (phase) of the development of each of the coexistent diseases. Attention is drawn to the necessity of early participation of urologists in the solution of the problems concerned with the policy of managing nephrological patients with diseases of other organs of the urinary system as well as with permanent dynamic follow-up of all the patients with concomitant processes, especially with double ones.
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PMID:[The combination of diffuse kidney lesions with different diseases of the other organs of the urinary system (the diagnosis, characteristics of the course and outcomes)]. 221 8

Urolithiasis is the third most common affliction of the urinary tract, after infections and diseases of the prostate. Approximately 10% of the North American population will have at least one urinary calculus by age 70. A thorough history and physical examination will usually confirm the diagnosis of urinary stone disease. A simplified laboratory evaluation may be performed for patients with a single stone episode. A more extensive evaluation is required for patients with recurrent, metabolically active stones and patients at high risk (ie, cystine stone formers and those who develop bladder dysfunction or nephrosclerosis). Intravenous pyelography with tomography remains the gold standard for imaging of the urinary tract to confirm the diagnosis and formulate a treatment plan.
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PMID:Urinary stone disease: a practical guide to metabolic evaluation. 915 17

There are many similarities in the profile of chronic renal disease in the five North African countries, reflecting their close resemblance in ethnic background, bioecology and socioeconomic standards. The incidence of renal disease is much higher than that in the West, yet the prevalence is relatively lower, which mirrors the inadequacy of medical care facilities. The principal causes of end-stage chronic renal disease (ESRD) are interstitial nephritis (14 to 32%), often attributed to environmental pollution and inadvertent use of medications; glomerulonephritis (11 to 24%), mostly mesangioproliferative and focal segmental sclerosis; diabetes (5 to 20%) and nephrosclerosis (5 to 21%). Obstructive/reflux nephropathy, attributed to urinary schistosomiasis, is common in Egypt (7%), Libya and Southern Algeria. Primary urolithiasis is a frequent cause of obstructive nephropathy in the western (hyperoxaluria) and middle (cystinuria) regions. The incidence of tuberculosis is increasing, particularly the diffuse interstitial and hematogenous forms. It is responsible also for 10 to 40% of renal amyloidosis. The latter is also frequently associated with familial Mediterranean fever. Sickle cell anemia is an important health problem in the west, leading to a wide range of glomerular and tubulointerstitial nephropathies. Takayasu disease is increasingly recognized as a cause of ischemic nephropathy and renovascular hypertension. The management of ESRD is largely influenced by late referral, co-morbidities and lack of dialysis facilities. Hemodialysis is the most frequent modality of renal replacement therapy (RRT). CAPD is used sporadically. Renal transplantation, largely from live (often unrelated) donors, is offered to less than 5% of patients with ESRD. The reported outcome of RRT generally conforms with international standards.
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PMID:End-stage renal disease in North Africa. 1286 87

Overweightness and obesity are associated with many hemodynamic, structural, and histopathologic alterations in the kidney and with metabolic and biochemical changes that predispose to these abnormalities. Consequent to these disorders, these individuals are more likely to develop chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure. Overweight and obese people are more prone to develop albuminuria and, for at least some types of kidney disease, a greater amount of albuminuria and more rapid progression of renal failure. These individuals are more likely to develop diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, renal cell carcinoma, and urate and calcium oxalate urolithiasis are the more common kidney and urological diseases reported in obese people. Preliminary data indicate that many of the clinical and nephropathologic manifestations associated with obesity can be reversed or ameliorated with reductions in body fat induced by dietary energy restriction or surgical procedures that reduce intake and gastrointestinal absorption of calories.
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PMID:The effect of obesity on chronic kidney disease. 2119 23