Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case histories of 299 patients examined at the Urogenital Department, Novosibirsk Research Institute of Tuberculosis, were analyzed to define the etiology of urogenital diseases. The diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis was established in 112 (37.4%) patients; that of chronic nonspecific pyclonephritis was in 90 (30.1%) patients; chronic nonspecific prostatitis was detected in 49 (16.4%) males; urolithiasis was found in 20 (6.7%) patients. Twelve (4%) and 60 (20.1%) patients were diagnosed as having urinary system cancer and hematuria, respectively. Hematuria most frequently (75%) was indicative of the presence of a tumor. However, in renal tuberculosis, this sign was also revealed in 24.1% of the patients. It should be noted that there is a recent tendency for an increase in the incidence of diseases concurrent with hematuria: the kidney has been found to be concomitantly afflicted with tuberculosis and cancer in 2 patients; tuberculosis is concurrent with nephrolithiasis in 2 other patients.
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PMID:[Significance of hematuria in phthisiourology]. 1452 93

This study prospectively evaluated the diagnostic value of unenhanced computerized tomography (CT) urography in patients with acute renal colic. Fifty-nine patients with clinical manifestations of acute renal colic underwent unenhanced helical CT to evaluate urinary tract abnormalities. Reformatted three-dimensional CT urography was performed in all patients. The findings were correlated with ureteroscopy, surgical findings, histopathologic findings, and clinical course. CT urography detected urinary abnormalities in 57 of 59 patients with the clinical manifestation of acute renal colic, including 45 cases of urolithiasis, three urinary malignancies, one congenital abnormality, and eight ureteral strictures (due to chronic inflammation or fibrosis). CT urography showed negative findings in the urinary system in two patients, and after clinical follow-up, urinary abnormality was excluded in these patients. Incidental findings of extrarenal disease were noted in six patients (pulmonary abnormalities, n = 2; gallstones, n = 4). Only one patient with urolithiasis was misdiagnosed as having a renal tumor by CT urography. The sensitivity and specificity of CT urography in diagnosing urolithiasis was 97.8% (44/45) and 100% (14/14), respectively. Three-dimensional CT urography is a newly developed modality to evaluate anomalies of the urinary tract. The highly accurate diagnostic value of CT urography makes it a suitable alternative or substitutive modality in patients with acute flank pain.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of unenhanced computerized tomography urography in the evaluation of acute renal colic. 1462 Jun 76

During the past decade, unenhanced computed tomography (CT) has become the standard of reference in the detection of urinary calculi owing to its high sensitivity (>95%) and specificity (>98%) in this setting. Numerous diseases may manifest as acute flank pain and mimic urolithiasis. Up to one-third of unenhanced CT examinations performed because of flank pain may reveal unsuspected findings unrelated to stone disease, many of which can help explain the patient's condition. Alternative diagnoses are most commonly related to gynecologic conditions (especially adnexal masses) and nonstone genitourinary disease (eg, pyelonephritis, renal neoplasm), closely followed by gastrointestinal disease (especially appendicitis and diverticulitis). Hepatobiliary, vascular, and musculoskeletal conditions may also be encountered. Vascular causes of acute flank pain must always be considered, since these constitute life-threatening emergencies that may require the intravenous administration of contrast material for diagnosis. Radiologists must be familiar with the typical findings of urinary stone disease at unenhanced CT, as well as the spectrum of alternative diagnoses that may be detected with this modality, to accurately diagnose the source of flank pain.
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PMID:Mimics of renal colic: alternative diagnoses at unenhanced helical CT. 1548 35

Parathyroid carcinoma is an uncommon cause of primary hyperparathyroidism; however, when this condition is severe, cancer must be suspected. We report on a 28-year-old male with severe hypercalcemia, cachexia, acute pancreatitis, urolithiasis, anemia and a severe skeletal involvement with multiple fractures. The patient had a 4-cm parathyroid tumor, that was surgically excised, along with the ipsilateral thyroid lobe. During the postoperative period, he had a severe and prolonged hungry bone syndrome, with a slow recovery of fractures, with functional and anatomical sequelae in the extremities. PTH levels were adequate for the serum calcium during the 16 months of follow-up.
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PMID:[Primary hyperparathyroidism with severe skeletal involvement in one patient with parathyroid carcinoma]. 1576 53

Case 1: A 31-year-old woman with the chief complaint of right back pain was referred to our hospital. She was diagnosed with a right ureteral stone and it was delivered spontaneously after conservative medical therapy. The stone was found to consist of silicate by infrared spectrometry. Case 2: A 71-year-old man with the chief complaint of asymptomatic macrohematuria was referred to our hospital. No tumor was observed by cystourethroscopy, but a right ureteral stone was found by computerized tomography. Subsequently, it was delivered immediately and infrared spectrometry of the stone demonstrated silicate containing a small amount of calcium oxalate monohydrate. We analyzed and discussed 44 cases of silicate urolithiasis reported in Japan.
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PMID:[Two cases of silicate urolithiasis]. 1647 91

The technological development of multidetector CT offers new possibilities for better imaging of organic structures that can be used in diagnosis of the kidney. The thinner slices allow a better spatial resolution, and slice fusion allows improved contrast resolution. The isotropic voxel has been realized in the latest 64-channel scanners. The image quality of arbitrarily reconstructed planes has arrived at the image quality of the scan plane. Faster scanning allows studies in different contrast phases, which is helpful for better discrimination of benign or malignant lesions especially in the highly vascularized kidney. Different phases of contrast uptake can be differentiated (arterial, cortico-medullary, nephrographic, and excretory phase). Multidetector CT brings along the risk of increased dose due to thinner slice collimation and overranging phenomena. Indications for CT investigation of the kidney include urolithiasis, tumor diagnosis and staging, renal trauma, and vascular disease. Even in children, special indications for CT of the kidney remain in polytrauma and tumor staging. Multidetector CT of the kidney has become a very valuable tool in urology, but a careful protocol strategy is mandatory.
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PMID:Multidetector CT of the kidney. 1656 65

Urolithiasis and carcinoma of the urinary bladder are generally uncommon in rats. In particular, spontaneous urolithiasis and carcinoma of the bladder in young rats has not yet been reported. Our case concerns the unexpected finding of urolithiasis of the bladder and left kidney of an apparently healthy 4-mo-old male Wistar rat. The bladder was filled with 28 white, round to oval calculi of various sizes. The kidney presented a single unevenly shaped calculus in the pelvis. Histology revealed, in addition to urolithiasis, a grade II papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, with muscle invasion and neoplastic extension to the left renal pelvic epithelium. No previous experimental procedure or dietetic manipulation had occurred, which could be held responsible for these findings. These unusual findings indicate that, unknown to researchers, unapparent factors can affect the health status of even relatively young experimental animals. Asymptomatic disease, such as the unknown presence of a tumor, potentially can affect many parameters and thus influence research results.
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PMID:Urolithiasis and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a Wistar rat. 1688 83

Muraglitazar, a PPARalpha/gamma agonist, dose-dependently increased urinary bladder tumors in male Harlan Sprague-Dawley (HSD) rats administered 5, 30, or 50 mg/kg/day for up to 2 years. To determine the mode of tumor development, male HSD rats were treated daily for up to 21 months at doses of 0, 1, or 50 mg/kg while being fed either a normal or 1% NH4Cl-acidified diet. Muraglitazar-associated, time-dependent changes in urine composition, urothelial mitogenesis and apoptosis, and urothelial morphology were assessed. In control and treated rats fed a normal diet, urine pH was generally > or = 6.5, which facilitates formation of calcium-and magnesium-containing solids, particularly in the presence of other prolithogenic changes in rat urine. Urinary citrate, an inhibitor of lithogenesis, and soluble calcium concentrations were dose dependently decreased in association with increased calcium phosphate precipitate, crystals and/or microcalculi; magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals and aggregates; and calcium oxalate-containing thin, rod-like crystals. Morphologically, sustained urothelial cytotoxicity and proliferation with a ventral bladder predilection were noted in treated rats by month 1 and urinary carcinomas with a similar distribution occurred by month 9. Urothelial apoptotic rates were unaffected by muraglitazar treatment or diet. In muraglitazar-treated rats fed an acidified diet, urine pH was invariably < 6.5, which inhibited formation of calcium-and magnesium-containing solids. Moreover, dietary acidification prevented the urothelial cytotoxic, proliferative, and tumorigenic responses. Collectively, these data support an indirect pharmacologic mode of urinary bladder tumor development involving alterations in urine composition that predispose to urolithiasis and associated decreases in urine-soluble calcium concentrations.
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PMID:Urothelial carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder of male rats treated with muraglitazar, a PPAR alpha/gamma agonist: Evidence for urolithiasis as the inciting event in the mode of action. 1717 91

We describe a case with perirenal retained sponge presenting as renal tumor who had undergone surgery for urolithiasis 38 years ago. After remaining silent so many years, it was incidentally diagnosed during operation. We suggest further investigation in patients with renal masses and history of retroperitoneal surgery to avoid unnecessary nephrectomy.
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PMID:Retroperitoneal textiloma mimicking a renal tumor: case report. 1730 78

Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is an aggressive neoplasm occurring almost exclusively in adolescents and young adults with sickle cell (SC) hemoglobinopathies, usually sickle cell trait (SCT) or hemoglobin SC disease. The most common presentations are hematuria and flank or abdominal pain. It is a highly malignant tumor, and responses to chemotherapy are rare and transient resulting in a dismal prognosis. A high level of suspicion is necessary when evaluating at risk patients presenting with hematuria or flank pain, as currently it appears that only early diagnosis could potentially alter the outcome of this disease. We report a case of RMC in a young male patient with SCT, who presented to the emergency department with low back pain and microscopic hematuria, clinically mimicking acute obstructing urolithiasis. Our case emphasizes the need to consider alternate diagnoses when evaluating computed tomography scans for acute flank pain.
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PMID:Renal medullary carcinoma: unsuspected diagnosis at stone protocol CT. 1740 14


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