Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 12-year follow up result of hemicorporectomy in a patient is represented. The patient was operated several times since 1983 for massive perianal condylomas. In 1985 the ulcer with hard edges was revealed in the perianal region, spreading to the perineum and root of the scrotum. Biopsy data evidenced for epidermoid carcinoma Abdominoperineal extirpation of the rectum was carried out with broad dissection of the skin of the perineum and with resection of the seminal follicle. Postoperative period was complicated by prolonged pyogenous infection of the perineal wound which prevented from radiation treatment. 9 months later the relapse of the tumor was detected in the perineum with deep pyogenic fistulas formation. 6 courses of chemotherapy by 5-fluorouracyl were carried out. During the process of examination in September 1987 in the perineal area a large massive tumor occupying the whole pelvic cavity and growing into the posterior wall of the urine bladder and left ishial bone, spreading to the scrotal root and surrounded by the net of fistulous tracts was revealed. Hemicorporectomy was carried out with previously layed one-stem sygmostomy keeping intact, and retroperitoneal Y-shaped uretero-ureter anastomosis being formed and right ureter being fixed at the skin of the right abdominal wall. A special prosthesis--"a glass"--was made for the patient, in which he could move from the bed to the chair or the wheeled chair, to move at home or in the street and to drive his own car. Later, evacuation of the uroliths through the uretherocutaneous stoma was observed. Gradually urolithiasis progressed, mainly in the right kidney, and in 1995 the development of purulent rightsided paranephritis was detected which demanded right-sided nephrectomy. Thus, in spite of a number of complications we can state, that hemicorporectomy has cured the patient of advanced, cancer and he feels satisfied with this treatment and saving 12 years of life.
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PMID:[Long-term result of hemicorporectomy]. 1071 Sep 11

A retrospective study was conducted to characterize the diseases, clinical findings, and clinicopathologic and ultrasonographic findings associated with hypercalcemia (serum calcium concentration >11 mg/dL) in 71 cats presented to North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The 3 most common diagnoses were neoplasia (n = 21), renal failure (n = 18), and urolithiasis (n = 11). Primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in 4 cats. Lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma were the most frequently diagnosed tumors. Calcium oxalate uroliths were diagnosed in 8 of 11 cats with urolithiasis. Cats with neoplasia had a higher serum calcium concentration (13.5 +/- 2.5 mg/dL) than cats with renal failure or urolithiasis and renal failure (11.5 +/- 0.4 mg/dL; P < .03). Serum phosphorus concentration was higher in cats with renal failure than in cats with neoplasia (P < .004). Despite the fact that the majority of cats with uroliths were azotemic, their serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations and urine specific gravity differed from that of cats with renal failure. Additional studies are warranted to determine the underlying disease mechanism in the cats we identified with hypercalcemia and urolithiasis. We also identified a small number of cats with diseases that are not commonly reported with hypercalcemia. Further studies are needed to determine whether an association exists between these diseases and hypercalcemia, as well as to characterize the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism for each disease process.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia in cats: a retrospective study of 71 cases (1991-1997). 1077 91

Unexplained hypercalcemia has been increasingly recognized in cats since 1990. In some instances, hypercalcemia has been associated with calcium oxalate urolithiasis, and some affected cats have been fed acidifying diets. We studied the laboratory findings, clinical course, and treatment of 20 cats with idiopathic hypercalcemia. Eight (40%) of the cats were longhaired and all 14 cats for which adequate dietary history was available had been fed acidifying diets. Clinical signs included vomiting (6 cats), weight loss (4 cats), dysuria (4 cats), anorexia (3 cats), and inappropriate urinations (3 cats). Hypercalcemia was mild to moderate in severity. and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations were normal or low. Serum concentrations of phosphorus, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and calcitriol were within the reference range in most cats. Diseases commonly associated with hypercalcemia (eg, neoplasia, primary hyperparathyroidism) were not identified despite thorough medical evaluations and long-term clinical follow-up. Azotemia either did not develop (10 cats) or developed after the onset of hypercalcemia (3 cats), suggesting that renal failure was not the cause of hypercalcemia in affected cats. Seven of 20 cats (35%) had urolithiasis, and in 2 cats uroliths were composed of calcium oxalate. Subtotal parathyroidectomy in 2 cats and dietary modification in 11 cats did not result in resolution of hypercalcemia. Treatment with prednisone resulted in complete resolution of hypercalcemia in 4 cats.
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PMID:Idiopathic hypercalcemia in cats. 1111 Mar 84

In some cases of primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), there may be some uncertainty in clinical decision making. We present a case in which a pT1-N0 urothelial tumor was found in the renal pelvis after an open nephrectomy for urolithiasis. Because incomplete excision of the ureter can lead to recurrence of the TCC, we deemed it necessary to remove the residual ureter. Therefore, a combined endoscopic-transvescical laparoscopic ureterectomy was performed. The transabdominal approach was chosen for the procedure, because the patient had already undergone open nephrectomy with retroperitoneal access and was thus likely to have adhesions and inflammation in the region. For the endoscopic phase of surgery, a technique of ureteral intussusception was combined with transurethral resection. The choice of the endoscopic transurethral procedure was prompted by the fact that transurethral resection of the ureteral orifice and invagination ureterectomy has already been proposed as the first step of nephroureterectomy. The combined endoscopic laparoscopic procedure was not technically demanding; the ureterectomy took no longer than an open procedure. The surgery was uneventful, and the patient resumed normal activities the day after surgery. The broader issue of whether this technique should be adopted by the urological community at large as a routine practice requires longer follow-up outcome data.
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PMID:An atypical presentation of upper urothelial tumor. 1128 44

Modern MR urography is performed on the basis of two different imaging strategies, which can be used complementarily to cover almost all aspects in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract diseases. The first technique utilizes unenhanced, heavily T2-weighted pulse sequences to obtain static-fluid images of the urinary tract. T2-weighted MR urograms have proved to be excellent in the visualization of the markedly dilated urinary tract, even if the renal excretory function is quiescent. Static-fluid MR urography is less suitable for imaging of disorders that occur in the nondilated collecting system. The second MR urography technique is analogous to the methodology of conventional intravenous pyelography and is, therefore, designated as excretory MR urography. For this purpose, a non-nephrotoxic gadolinium chelate is intravenously administered and after its renal excretion, the gadolinium-enhanced urine is visualized using fast T1-weighted gradient-echo sequences. The combination of gadolinium and low-dose furosemide (5-10 mg) is the key for achieving a uniform distribution of the contrast material inside the entire urinary tract and, secondly, to avoid high endoluminal gadolinium concentrations, which cause signal loss of the urine due to T2* effects. Gadolinium excretory MR urography allows to obtain high-quality images of both nondilated and obstructed urinary tracts in patients with normal or moderately impaired renal function. This article reviews the principles of T2- and T1-weighted MR urography in detail and informs how to use these techniques safely in potential clinical applications such as chronic urolithiasis, intrinsic and extrinsic tumor diseases, and congenital anomalies. Magnetic resonance urography performed in combination with standard MR imaging offers a potential to reduce the need for invasive retrograde pyelography. Although the economic aspect is still problematic, it is obvious that MR urography will continue to increase its role in clinical uroradiology.
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PMID:MR urography: examination techniques and clinical applications. 1128 39

We evaluated the usefulness of urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) compared to urinary cytology in the detection of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Between July 1999 and March 2000, 227 patients complaining of microscopic or gross hematuria were analyzed. Twenty-four patients (10.6%) had urothelial TCC. The urinary NMP22 level was significantly higher in the patients with urinary TCC compared to the other patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the results obtained with urinary NMP22 were 58.3% and 84.2%, respectively, and those obtained by urinary cytology were 45.8% and 98.0%, respectively. False-positive results were obtained with urinary NMP22 in the patients with urinary diversion using intestine, bladder invasion from other cancers, urinary tract infection, and urolithiasis. The urinary NMP22 level was significantly associated with tumor stage, suggesting its usefulness for detection of urothelial TCC. However, although urinary NMP22 showed equal sensitivity for the detection of TCC, it was not superior to urinary cytology.
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PMID:[Evaluation of usefulness of urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) in the detection of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma]. 1149 92

A 72-year-old non-diabetic uremic woman underwent right nephrectomy for urolithiasis at the age of 50. Because pyuria, fever, chilliness and left flank pain developed during preparing for arteriovenous fistula, she was admitted to National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) complicated with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) was diagnosed and immediately treated with antibiotics and CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage. Cultures of pus and blood yielded Escherichia coli. She received left radical nephrectomy later for the control of persistent sepsis and removal of left renal tumor. The pathology of the tumor was composed of a glandular arrangement of granular cells with the occasional atypism, and renal parenchyma had been totally replaced by RCC. The non-tumor part of the kidney showed chronic pyelonephritis. Five months later, multiple metastases developed. We reported this first uremic case with EPN and RCC, but without diabetes mellitus and urinary tract obstruction. The gas formation may be due to large RCC, which caused impaired tissue perfusion and E. coli infection.
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PMID:Renal cell carcinoma complicated by emphysematous pyelonephritis in a non-diabetic patient with renal failure. 1218 10

Many rodent renal and bladder carcinogens rely upon epigenetic mechanisms of carcinogenesis; such mechanisms are likely to influence the spectrum of urinary tract tumors observed in control and treated animals. This is reflected in several features of chemically induced rodent urinary tract neoplasms, including a low overall tumor incidence, an increased prevalence of urinary tract tumors in rats compared to mice and males compared to females, the tendency for epithelial tumors to predominate over nonepithelial types, and demonstrated links to chronic progressive nephropathy and urolithiasis. Such tendencies are also characteristic of spontaneous urinary tract tumors in rodents. Data to support these observations can be derived from large historical databases such as the Toxicology Data Management System, maintained by National Toxicology Program.
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PMID:Characteristics of the spectrum of proliferative lesions observed in the kidney and urinary bladder of Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. 1251 65

MR-urography presents a new diagnostic approach to the urinary system, resulting in images comparable to those known from i.v.-urography. T2-weighted MR-urograms demonstrate static fluid without ionizing radiation or nephrotoxic contrast media. The excretory renal function can be examined by the use of gadolinium-enhanced T1-urography. The degree and cause of ureteric obstruction can be diagnosed with high sensitivity and specificity. On the other hand, urolithiasis is frequently misdiagnosed by MR-urography and, in this case, spiral CT should be used. Pediatric or pregnant patients can be examined as well as donors before and patients after renal transplantation. Furthermore, in case of a tumor MR-imaging, including MR-angiography, is a potential diagnostic "all-in-one" approach.
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PMID:[Modern diagnostic imaging: MR urography]. 1252 40

Multidetector CT has expanded the utility of CT by improving longitudinal resolution and acquisition speed. Applications include diagnosis of renal vascular and parenchymal injuries, renal tumor diagnosis and staging, the emerging field of CT urography and CT angiography. This summary review illustrates MDCT approaches to the evaluation of trauma, suspected tumor and imaging of the urinary tract and discusses other applications in renal inflammatory disease, urolithiasis and renal anomalies.
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PMID:Renal MDCT. 1259 30


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