Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bone formation outside the skeleton is well known. Yet, ossification within the urogenital tract is rare. The case of a patient with distal ureteral obstruction, hydronephrosis, and subsequent circular osseous metaplasia of the ureter is presented. Open transperitoneal right-sided nephrectomy with partial resection of the ureter was performed. Intraoperatively and in histopathologic examination circular bone formation adjacent to the ureteral wall was detected. There was no evidence of malignancy. Early animal experiments in the twentieth century showed that bone metaplasia may be induced by epithelium of the urinary tract under certain conditions such as ischemia, inflammation, necrosis, sclerosis, and trauma. Osseous metaplasia may therefore be considered a differential diagnosis of calcification of the upper urinary tract in the absence of urolithiasis.
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PMID:[Bone formation in the ureter. Osseous metaplasia of an obstructed ureter]. 1689 62

Megacalycosis is an uncommon, congenital renal abnormality, characterized by nonobstructive dilatation of the renal calyces with normal renal pelvis, ureter and bladder. This condition is due to underdevelopement or hypoplasia of Malpighie's pyramids. It usually occurs unilateraly as the isolated anomaly with strong male predominance. Megacalycosis itself does not impair the renal function but it can be the cause of urinary tract infections and calculus formation. This congenital defect is incidentally found by urography during the examination for urolithiasis or urinary tract infections or calculus formation. The images on radograms can be confused with obstructive or refluxing hydronephrosis or postinflamtory changes typical for pyelonephritis chronica. In case of megacalycosis surgical treatment is unnecessary. Patients with this condition should be followed-up with ultrasound and prevention of urinary tract infections or urolithiasis. Here we would like to report on the case of megacalycosis in a ten-year-old girl reffered to our deprtament due to UTI. Diagnosis of megacalycosis was established by typical urography findings: dilatation of renal calyces, no distention or obstruction of renal pelvic and ureter. The renal function was normal. No evidence of abnormality in cystoureterogram and uroflowmetry test was detected.
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PMID:[Megacalycosis as a diagnostic problem in children]. 1689 12

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is considered a very safe and noninvasive procedure for the treatment of urolithiasis. Achievements in the technical development of recent decades resulted in a continuous reduction of side effects. One of our patients, a woman with cystinuria, developed a temporary ureteral stricture after several sessions of ESWL. Encouraged by this observation we set out to explore--based on a MEDLINE literature search--published reports of more severe side effects observed in modern ESWL therapy. Besides hydronephrosis and renal colic the most common side effects were renal and perirenal hematomas in up to 4% in the larger series. Uncommon extrarenal complications are described mostly in case reports, which are also outlined in this report. The injury of visceral organs (liver, spleen, gut, pancreas) was published most frequently. A rupture or dissection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm as an outstanding serious complication was also reported several times. Taking obvious and well-known contraindications into consideration and carefully preparing the patients for the therapy (i.e., checking hemostasis, drug history), ESWL is a very safe procedure with a low risk of serious complications. Yet, postoperative clinical and ultrasound monitoring seems to be essential especially with respect to the increasing numbers of outpatient procedures.
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PMID:[Ureteral stricture after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Case report and overview of the spectrum of rare side effects of modern ESWL treatment]. 1745 33

Stone formation in the urinary tract affects about 5-10% of the population in industrialized countries, although it is very rare in other countries such as Greenland or Japan. The high incidence and recurrence rate contribute to making the urolithiasis a serious social problem. Nowadays, urolithiasis must be considered a 'disease in evolution' for several reasons, such as epidemiological changes, evolution of the methods used for diagnosis, and the treatment and prophylaxis of the population considered 'at risk' of stone disease. Some features of stone disease have changed over the last few years due to many social, economical and cultural factors that are described here. The increased prevalence of small urinary calculi has brought about a change in clinical symptoms, with frequent episodes of renal-ureteral colic, persistent pain and hydronephrosis. Similarly, the presence of residual fragments after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has induced a radical change in the management of small calculi through the use of mini-invasive surgical techniques.
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PMID:Epidemiology and risk factors in urolithiasis. 1772 45

Urological conditions in pregnancy represent a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The potential adverse effects of anaesthesia, radiation and drugs on the fetus often complicate traditional diagnostic and treatment measures. As frontline clinicians, obstetricians need an awareness of symptoms, associated obstetric complications and an appreciation of available current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and their associated risks. This article describes common urinary problems encountered in pregnancy: infection, hydronephrosis and urolithiasis specifically. The aim of this paper is to review the safety, efficacy and role of different imaging studies available for the diagnosis of urolithiasis in pregnancy. Conservative management as first line treatment and a variety of interventional urological procedures with postoperative management are also discussed. Such a background may facilitate a rational management protocol for urological problems in a pregnant woman.
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PMID:Urological conditions in pregnancy: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. 1799 86

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of urolithiasis, infection, and bladder dysfunction in the pathogenesis of renal failure in rats subjected to supratrigonal cystectomy. One group of Sprague-Dawley rats was submitted to supratrigonal cystectomy, a second to cystectomy during which a suspension of Proteus mirabilis was injected into the bladder stump, and a third to sham surgery (controls). The animals were sacrificed two months after surgery. Blood pressure and serum urea and creatinine were measured before surgery and at sacrifice when a careful inspection of the urinary tract was performed to determine the presence of hydronephrosis and calculi. Microbiological analyses were performed on urine aspirated from the bladder and on the kidneys. Significant differences were found between values of systolic blood pressure and serum urea and creatinine recorded prior to the surgical procedure and those recorded at sacrifice in each group except the control group. Renal failure was present in all animals subjected to cystectomy. Urinary calculi were documented in 5/10 animals subjected to cystectomy only and in all rats inoculated with P. mirabilis. Hypertension was documented in 43.75% of animals subjected to cystectomy. Pyelonephritis was diagnosed only in animals with urinary calculi, in each of which urine culture was also positive. No cases of renal failure, hypertension, calculi, and/or pyelonephritis were detected in the sham group. The findings of this study indicate that kidney failure in rats subjected to supratrigonal cystectomy is related to the severe bladder dysfunction induced by the surgical procedure.
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PMID:Experimental supratrigonal cystectomy: II--Evaluation of urinary calculi, infection, and bladder dysfunction in the pathogenesis of renal failure. 1808 27

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a safe, effective method to treat urinary lithiasis. The success rate in ESWL depends on stone location, size, number, and fragility as well as calceal anatomy and patency of the urinary tract. An association of calcineurin inhibitors and uric acid urolithiasis has been reported in renal allograft recipients, but the mechanism remains unknown. Herein we have reported the case of 68-year-old male patient who developed cryptogenic cirrhosis and underwent liver transplantation. Seven years after transplantation, the patient was admitted to the hospital with right renal colic. An 8.9-mm radiolucent stone at the pyeloureteric junction was associated with moderate consecutive hydronephrosis. The second stone was located in a lower renal calyx. After a failed attempt at retrograde ureteral stenting, we performed a percutaneous nephrostomy. Antegrade pyelography with following ESWL treatment resulted in disintegration of the obstructive stone at the pyeloureteric junction. Afterward, we performed antegrade placement of a double-J stent. Residual stones in the lower renal calyx were successfully treated with a 3-month course of oral intake of a dissolution agent-potassium sodium hydrogen citrate. In this case, we have discussed ESWL and oral dissolution therapy of radiolucent stones in a hydronephrotic right kidney, which resulted in stone-free disease after 3 months of combined therapy. There was neither clinical nor biochemical damage to the transplanted liver.
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PMID:Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of impacted radiolucent stone at the right pyeloureteric junction and oral dissolution therapy in a patient with transplanted liver: a case report. 1808 30

We present a 69-year-old man with repeated urinary tract infection and lower abdominal pain. Kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) scout film showed a huge, 320-g triangular pelvic calculus that was surgically removed with excellent results. Bladder stone is a common disease, but it is rare for such a calculus to be so large as to cause bilateral hydronephrosis. Surgical intervention by cystolithotomy or endoscopic cystolithotripsy can achieve satisfactory results. Bladder outlet obstruction should be treated simultaneously. Close follow-up, however, is mandatory because the recurrence of urolithiasis is high in those patients with voiding problems and recurrent urinary infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest bladder stone in a human male. This case report also illustrates the importance of radiologic evaluation of patients with repeated urinary infections.
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PMID:A huge pelvic calculus causing acute renal failure. 1827 20

A 12-year-old Clydesdale gelding was presented for colic and dysuria. Obstructive urolithiasis and chronic renal disease were diagnosed via transurethral endoscopy and percutaneous ultrasonography. Nephroliths, hydronephrosis, and peri-ureteral fibrosis were present. Surgical intervention was declined and the gelding was managed medically with antibiotics and dietary modification.
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PMID:Obstructive urolithiasis, unilateral hydronephrosis, and probable nephrolithiasis in a 12-year-old Clydesdale gelding. 1839 Jan 3

The sodium phosphate co-transporters Npt2a and Npt2c play important roles in the regulation of phosphate homeostasis. Slc34a1, the gene encoding Npt2a, resides downstream of the gene encoding coagulation factor XII (f12) and was inadvertently modified while generating f12(-/-) mice. In this report, the renal consequences of this modification are described. The combined single allelic mutant Slc34a1m contains two point mutations in exon 13: A499V is located in intracellular loop 5, and V528M is located in transmembrane domain 11. In addition to the expected coagulopathy of the f12(-/-) phenotype, mice homozygous for the double allelic modification (f12(-/-)/slc34a1(m/m)) displayed hypophosphatemia, hypercalcemia, elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, urolithiasis, and hydronephrosis. Strategic cross-breedings demonstrated that the kidney-related pathology was associated only with autosomal recessive transmission of the slc34a1(m) gene and was not influenced by the simultaneous inactivation of f12. Npt2a[V528M] could be properly expressed in opossum kidney cells, but Npt2a[A499V] could not. These results suggest that a single amino acid substitution in Npt2a can lead to improper translocation of the protein to the cell membrane, disturbance of phosphate homeostasis, and renal calcification. Whether point mutations in the SLC34A1 gene can lead to hypophosphatemia and nephrolithiasis in humans remains unknown.
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PMID:A missense mutation in the sodium phosphate co-transporter Slc34a1 impairs phosphate homeostasis. 1865 Apr 75


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