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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study, the data from 216 women with a complicated hydronephrosis of pregnancy who were treated at the Urology Department of the Vilnius City University Hospital between 1992 and 2001 have been subjected by us to a retrospective analysis and to an evaluation of the need for an interventional treatment and of the volume of the latter in the light of the special literature of the last decade of the XX(th) century. Both urologic observation and urologic management are required in the pregnancy hydronephrosis complicated by strong flank pains due to an acute dilatation of the upper urinary tract or by urolithiasis or pyelonephritis. An ultrasonographic investigation is the diagnostic mean of choice. The conservative management (hydration, spasmoanalgetics and antibiotics) gave positive results in 57% of cases, the retrograde stenting of the ureters was carried out in 41% of cases and the percutaneous or open nephrostomy (performed in 3 and 1 patients, correspondingly) in 2% of cases. During the management of the patients with a complicated hydronephrosis of pregnancy, the interdiscipline training of urologists and obstetricians-gynecologists as well as their close collaboration are of decisive importance.
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PMID:[Hydronephrosis in pregnancy: importance of urologic actions and their volume]. 1255 31

The aim of this work was to report some case histories on the usefulness of spiral TC, used for several years both to diagnose renal colic and urinary lithiasis and to study radio lucent stones that are often difficult to be detected with traditional radiology. 13 patients, aged between 31 and 76 (average age: 54.2), were therefore examined. Eight of them had a ureteral colic when examined, while five patients had shown symptoms some days before being hospitalised in our ward. In all cases, ultrasonography showed a significant hydronephrosis, while direct radiography of the urinary tract could not detect any images that could be associated with radio-opaque lithiasis. All patients therefore underwent an abdominal spiral TC with no contrast medium within 24 hours after hospitalisation. The confrontation between the results obtained by ultrasonography and those obtained by spiral TC, showed the usefulness of the former method to detect stones located in the proximal ureter or in its intramural tract, while the latter could detect the lithiasis of the proximal ureter in 3 cases (23%), of the mid ureter in 2 cases (15.3%), and of the distal ureter in 8 cases (61%). The stones had, approximately, a 5 mm diameter in 5 cases. In 6 cases the diameter was between 6 and 10 mm, and more than 1 cm in 2 cases. Both methods proved to be equally accurate in the assessment of the hydronephrosis degree and of the thickness of the renal parenchyma. The therapy was medical in 2 cases and open surgery in 3 cases, while 8 patients were treated with ureterolitholapaxy with a ballistic searcher. The usefulness of TC in the study of urolithiasis nowadays is supported by a large literature which clearly supplies with documentary evidence the high sensitivity and specificity of such a method in diagnosing the presence of urolithiasis in general and above all of ureteric stones. Such a method not only makes an accurate evaluation of the stones location possible, but it can also assess the calculi dimensions and the indirect signs of the functionality of the kidney affected, without having to use the contrast medium. This method needs very limited execution times and allows a diagnostic of possible collateral pathologies. The main disadvantage of spiral TC, if compared to conventional radiology, is that the patient is exposed to a larger quantity of ionizing radiations, although such an inconvenience will be overcome by the new and more technologically advanced machines. According to our experience, though based on a limited number of cases, spiral TC allowed us to get a quick diagnosis of radio-lucent lithiasis, to see the seat and dimensions of the calculi and finally to chose the most effective treatment. We can therefore think of a diagnostic protocol, for ureteral colics with hydronephrosis or complicated by hyperpyrexia or sepsis, with spiral TC in order to have a quick diagnosis and start the most effective therapy in case an ultrasonographic research should not result diriment.
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PMID:[The meaning and usefulness of spiral CT for radiolucent ureteric stones diagnosis: our experience]. 1274 46

Three patients with megacalycosis, a rare ren anomaly which includes dilatation of all ren calices, are presented. The symptoms of acute uroinfection were present in all three patients. The patients underwent clinical observation, laboratory testing, and renal ultrasound. Ultrasound revealed unilateral hydronephrosis in all three patients. Additional examinations included static and dynamic renal scintigraphy, voiding cystourethrography, and intravenous urography which pointed to unilateral megacalycosis. The symptoms of acute uroinfection were probably triggered by urinary stasis in dilated calices. Surgical intervention is not indicated in megacalycosis. The increasing incidence of uroinfection, urolithiasis and hematuria imposed the need of continuous follow-up in these patients.
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PMID:[Rare renal anomalies in childhood]. 1287 71

The objectives of this study were to determine some morphological characteristics of kidneys and resistive index (RI) changes in renal interlobar artery using B-Mode and color coded doppler sonography in lambs with urolithiasis. The study was performed in 14 male lambs (8 patients, 6 healthy) aged between 2-2.5 months in the same herd. The kidneys had a mean length of 55.6 +/- 1.6 mm, a width of 31.8 +/- 1.2 mm and a parenchymal width of 10.6 +/- 0.6 mm in healthy lambs. These values were 95.4 +/- 3.6., 52.4 +/- 1.3 and 8.75 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively in lambs with urolithiasis. These differences between both groups were significant. Furthermore, the mean resistive index values in lambs with urolithiasis (0.81 +/- 0.017 m/sn) were significantly higher than controls (0.62 +/- 0.013 m/sn). It was concluded that B-Mode and color coded doppler sonography might provide useful information for detection of changes in kidneys of lambs with urolithiasis like hydronephrosis and renal swelling as well as elevated resistance in the renal interlobar artery.
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PMID:[B-mode and color Doppler sonography of kidneys in healthy lambs and lambs with urolithiasis]. 1474 58

Ureteral obstruction secondary to endometriosis is relatively uncommon. We present a 43-year-old multiparous woman who suffered from periodic left loin pain in the terminal period of her menstruation. Excretory urogram demonstrated left hydronephrosis and hydroureter and obstruction of the lower left ureter just inferior to the left sacroiliac joint without urolithiasis. An enhanced computed tomography scan showed soft tissue density mass around the left ureter at the level of the stenosis. She underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolysis and adhesiotomy of the left ureter under the diagnosis of ureteral endometriosis. Because blueberry spots were clearly observed on the pelvic brim, the fibrous tissue surrounded the ureter was removed with peritoneal bleeding spots. Histological examination of the surrounding tissue confirmed the ectopic endometriosis. Even though retroperitoneoscopy is frequently used for ureteral lesion, transperitoneal laparoscopy has an advantage for resection of ectopic endometriosis surrounding the ureter.
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PMID:Hydronephrosis due to ureteral endometriosis treated by transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolysis. 1524 70

A high frequency of struvite urolithiasis, hydronephrosis, and other urinary tract lesions developed in a group of Lewis rats inoculated intracranially with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Initially, clinically ill rats were referred to necropsy: 30 rats over 3 years. These rats had high frequency of urolithiasis (8/30, 27%), hydronephrosis (12/30, 40%), cystitis (9/30, 30%), transitional cell carcinoma (4/30, 13%), and pyelonephritis (19/30, 63%). Lesions were more common in LCMV-inoculated rats. After this trend was noted, all rats on this protocol were necropsied as part of a cohort study (n = 144). Although the apparent frequency of disease was lower due to increased sampling, there still was a high number of urolithiasis (9/144, 6%) and hydronephrosis (40/144, 28%) cases. All cases of urolithiasis developed in rats inoculated with LCMV (9/44, 20%), as did most cases of hydronephrosis (31/44, 70%). Although sham-injected and uninoculated control rats also had high frequency of hydronephrosis (6/57 [11%] and 3/43 [7%], respectively), LCMV-inoculated rats had a significantly higher frequency of disease than did sham inoculated (P < 0.0001) and uninoculated (P < 0.0001) controls. These results suggest that Lewis rats may be predisposed to developing lesions of the urinary tract, and that intracranial inoculation of rats with LCMV augments this tendency, leading to formation of struvite calculi and associated urinary tract disease.
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PMID:Urolithiasis associated with experimental lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus inoculation in Lewis rats. 1525 79

The area of adolescent urology encompasses a period of development that coincides with puberty. Disorders seen during this time either carry over from childhood (eg, hydronephrosis, enuresis, voiding dysfunction) or are early manifestations of urologic problems seen more commonly in adulthood (eg, urolithiasis, varicoceles). This article focuses on several areas of urology common to the adolescent.
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PMID:Adolescent urology. 1584 93

A clinical data was studied for 117 males without complaints for copulative disorders admitted to urological clinic electively for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)--44 (37.6%), urolithiasis--25 (21.4%), external genital diseases--17 (14.5%), renal cyst and hydronephrosis--16 (13.7%), renal and vesical tumors--15 (12.8%). Mean age of the patients was 56.2 +/- 16.1 years. The patients filled in IPSS and IIEF questionnaires. Mean score set (+/-SD) for IIEF and IPSS was 35 +/- 23 and 12 +/- 10, respectively. The majority of the patients (n = 61) were not sexually active. Erectile dysfunction (ED) was detected in 23 (19.7%) patients: mild and moderate in 19 (16.2%) and 4 (3.4%), respectively). 24 (73%) patients with normal erectile function, 10 (44%) patients with ED and the majority (n = 37) of sexually inactive men were satisfied with their sexual activity. Those males who needed improvement of sexual life quality had higher (p < 0.05) parameters of erectile function and sexual satisfaction. Age of the patients (R2 = 33.1; p < 0.0001) and IPSS index (p < 0.015) were leading indices in determining condition of the copulative function. IIEF correlated with tumors of the kidney or urinary bladder (p < 0.004) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (p < 0.015). Erectile dysfunction in men with urological diseases was closely related with age and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms. Other sexual disorders may be due both to general causes and urological diseases.
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PMID:[Sexual dysfunction in males with concomitant urological diseases]. 1610 Jul 85

A 65-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for further examination of recurrent urinary stone formation. She had undergone 49 sessions of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripay (ESWL) and 3 sessions of transureteral lithotripsy (TUL) under the diagnosis of idiopathic recurrent urolithiasis at another hospital. An excretory urography showed bilateral hydronephrosis and a retrograde urography revealed bilateral lower ureteral stricture. Ammonium chloride loading test demonstrated incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis. Potassium citrate therapy had begun and bilateral nephrostomies were required in order to prevent recurrent urinary tract infection and new stone formation. Literature was reviewed and discussion was made on the ureteral stricture after ESWL and TUL, and on incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis.
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PMID:[A case of incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis undergoing repeated treatment by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripay and transureteral lithotripsy for recurrent urolithiasis]. 1628 20

Urinary obstruction is rarely associated with a distinct granulomatous inflammation, which involves the pyelocalyceal system and closely simulates infectious conditions including tuberculosis. Its clinicopathologic features, however, have not been adequately studied since there are only seven isolated reported cases. In a comprehensive study of 112 kidney specimens with urinary obstruction, we identified five cases of granulomatous pyelitis. The features of these cases were detailed and compared with the previously reported cases. Among the five identified subjects, three patients had history of urolithiasis and two had ureteral stenosis and all had stent placement 7 weeks to 12 years before nephrectomy for relief of the unilateral urinary obstruction. The age distribution was between 38 and 81 years. Two had end-stage renal disease or chronic renal failure. The pyelocaliceal system showed frank hydronephrosis (1 case) or partial dilatation (4 cases) and contained cheesy and gritty material in its lumen. Each case showed severe granulomatous inflammation, which was limited to the pelvic wall and closely associated with calcified debris, necrotic inflammatory cells, and material consistent with Tamm-Horsfall protein. The kidney showed chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis but without granulomas. Cultures of urine, blood, and the renal pelvic content, and special stains of tissue sections did not show fungi or mycobacteria in any case. Many of these features were also observed in previously reported cases. Granulomatous pyelitis is a rare but distinct cliniocopathologic entity characterized by severe noninfectious granulomatous inflammation limited to the renal pelvis, which is uniformely asociated with urinary obstruction and pyelocalyceal dilatation and may develop in response to accumulated calcified material in the renal pelvis. Awareness of this entity and its characteristic clinicopathologic features also helps eliminate an infectious etiology with obvious treatment and prognostic implications.
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PMID:Granulomatous pyelitis associated with urinary obstruction: a comprehensive clinicopathologic study. 1671 72


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