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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

(Objectives) This paper aimed to report the clinical statistics on urologic diseases treated in the emergency department (ED). (Patients and methods) We retrospectively evaluated 1,480 patients diagnosed with urologic diseases in the ED between January 2013 and December 2014. We reviewed the patients' sex, age, main complaints, emergency grade, care-seeking process, hospitalization, examination items, and diagnosis. We also reviewed the correct-diagnosis rates of patients who visited the ED for the first time and were followed up at the urology department. (Results) Of the patients, 2.6% were diagnosed as having a urologic disease, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5:1. The age distribution ranged from 0 to 101 years, with a median age of 53 years. Patients who required hospitalization accounted for 17.8%. The diagnoses were urolithiasis (546 cases), cystitis (220 cases), and pyelonephritis (137 cases), in order of frequency. The correct-diagnosis rates of urolithiasis (91.2%), benign prostatic hyperplasia (75.0%), and pyelonephritis (71.9%) were high. However, those of testicular torsion (0%), urologic neoplasm (26.7%), prostatitis (35.7%), and epididymitis (35.7%) were low. (Conclusion) In the ED, 82.2% of cases of urologic diseases were mild and did not require hospitalization. The correct-diagnosis rate of acute scrotum was low, as it was difficult to diagnose and thus difficult to manage in the ED. Therefore, urologists should cooperate with ED staff and warn them that cases of acute scrotum should be subjected to emergency consultation.
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PMID:UROLOGIC DISEASES IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT. 2907 Jul 37

Female nude mice (J:NU-Foxn1nu; age, 6 wk) were injected with 1 million MCF7 human breast cancer cells in the fourth mammary fat pads and received a 21-d sustained-release estrogen pellet (0.25 mg) subcutaneously in the dorsum of the neck. All mice were maintained in sterile housing and provided sterile water and irradiated rodent chow. Approximately 6 wk after implantation, 4 of the 30 mice showed clinical signs of depression and dehydration. The 2 animals most severely affected were euthanized and presented for necropsy. The urinary bladders of these animals were distended with variable sized white, opaque uroliths. Urinalysis revealed coccal bacteria, erythrocytes, neutrophils and struvite crystals. Urine cultures from both necropsied animals grew heavy, pure growths of Staphylococcus xylosus. The organism was sensitive to all antibiotics tested except erythromycin (intermediate). Analysis of the uroliths revealed 100% struvite composition. Remaining mice in the study were evaluated clinically for hydration status, the ability to urinate, and the presence of palpable stones in the urinary bladder; one additional mouse had a firm, nonpainful bladder (urolithiasis suspected). Given the sensitivity of the organisms cultured from urine samples, the remaining mice were placed on enrofloxacin in the drinking water (0.5 mg/mL). All remaining mice completed the study without further morbidity or mortality. Previous studies have reported the association of estrogen supplementation with urinary bladder pathology, including infection and urolithiasis. Here we present a case of urolithiasis and cystitis in nude mice receiving estrogen supplementation that was associated with Staphylococcus xylosus, which previously was unreported in this context. When assessing these nude mice for urolithiasis, we found that visualizing the stones through the body wall, bladder palpation, and bladder expression were helpful in identifying affected mice.
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PMID:Staphylococcus xylosus Cystitis and Struvite Urolithiasis in Nude Mice Implanted with Sustained-release Estrogen Pellets. 3001 19

Feline lower urinary tract diseases are known to be life threatening conditions in cats, especially when they occur as obstructive diseases in males. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary, otherwise it may lead to death. A 3-year-old male Persian cat was referred to the clinic with a history of anuria, lethargy, loss of appetite and exploratory cystotomy 6 months ago due to urethral obstruction following urolithiasis. Urinary bladder was enlarged and painful on palpation and urine accumulation was observed in ultrasonography. Biochemical and hematological analyses revealed hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia and increase in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and hematocrit. Urine analysis showed a turbid appearance, protein 1+, blood 3+, pH reduction, increased WBCs and RBCs and presence of bacteria, calcium oxalate crystals and epithelial cells. Urine culture reveled Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Postoperatively, microscopic examinations of the urinary bladder biopsy showed pathological lesions of bacterial cystitis. Based on these findings, bacterial cystitis and urethral obstruction due to post-operative urinary tract infections were diagnosed. For treatment, electrolyte imbalances were corrected firstly, cystotomy was performed and a catheter was conducted into the urethra; then, urethra was flushed and obstruction was resolved. Ampicillin was effective in reducing the bacterial count in urine. Despite the fact that cystotomy is a common procedure in veterinary medicine, clinicians should be aware of its complications such as post-operative urinary tract infections.
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PMID:Obstructive bacterial cystitis following cystotomy in a Persian cat. 3006 10

Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a common problem in cats. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence, clinical signs, and causes of FLUTD and the risk factors for FLUTD. The medical records of 3486 cats visiting Chiang Mai University Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) between November 2016 and October 2017 were reviewed. An age-matched case-control study was performed to determine the risk factors for FLUTD by comparing 78 cats with FLUTD and 78 clinically normal age-matched cats. For each animal, potential risk data were obtained from medical records and cat owner interviews; these were analysed for associations with FLUTD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratios and to adjust for expected confounding factors. The prevalence of FLUTD in cats visiting the Chiang Mai University Veterinary Teaching Hospital was 2.2%. The most common clinical signs identified were urethral obstruction (55.1%) and haematuria (23.1%). The most common diagnoses were feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) (57.7%) and urolithiasis (struvite) (18%). The multivariable logistic regression analysis results indicated that FLUTD was most likely to be diagnosed in castrated male cats. FIC and urolithiasis were the most common diagnoses in cats with FLUTD, and male sex and castration increased the risk of FLUTD.
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PMID:Prevalence and risk factors of feline lower urinary tract disease in Chiang Mai, Thailand. 3193 53

Mortality of mink kits represents a significant loss to production. However, causes of post-weaning mortality in mink kits in modern Danish mink production systems are still relatively poorly documented. We performed a cross-sectional mortality study on eight Danish mink farms including 1893 post mortem examinations of mink kits found dead or euthanized. We assessed the prevalence of cystitis and urolithiasis leading to mortality. Gross pathological findings as well as animal characteristics were recorded and associations with post mortem microbiology (using culture and MaldiTof-MS Vitek MS system) were investigated. Cystitis and/or urolithiasis were associated with death in 33 % (n = 476) and 37 % (n = 166) of the examined mink kits in 2015 and 2017. On farm level, the prevalence of cystitis and/or urolithiasis leading to mortality varied from 0.25 % to 1.27 % with a low overall mortality of 0.9-4.5 %. The bacterial agent most frequently isolated in post mortem bladder swabs from mink with a post mortem diagnosis of urolithiasis and cystitis was Staphylococcus delphini group A (51/283) with a significant (p < 0.0001, CI = [19.5;4745.7]) association to gross pathological findings in the urinary tract. Staphylococcus delphini group A was cultured from 70 % of the skin swabs obtained from apparently healthy mink euthanized at pelting (n = 222). In conclusion urinary tract disease (cystitis and urolithiasis) was the most prevalent post mortem diagnosis during the growth period and was associated with Staphylococcus delphini group A.
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PMID:Urolithiasis and cystitis associated with Staphylococcus delphini group A and mortality in post-weaning mink kits (Neovison vison). 3245 16

Anatomic pathology is a vital component of veterinary medicine but as a primarily subjective qualitative or semiquantitative discipline, it is at risk of cognitive biases. Logistic regression is a statistical technique used to explain relationships between data categories and outcomes and is increasingly being applied in medicine for predicting disease probability based on medical and patient variables. Our aims were to evaluate histologic features of canine and feline bladder diseases and explore the utility of logistic regression modeling in identifying associations in veterinary histopathology, then formulate a predictive disease model using urinary bladder as a pilot tissue. The histologic features of 267 canine and 71 feline bladder samples were evaluated, and a logistic regression model was developed to identify associations between the bladder disease diagnosed, and both patient and histologic variables. There were 102 cases of cystitis, 84 neoplasia, 42 urolithiasis and 63 normal bladders. Logistic regression modeling identified six variables that were significantly associated with disease outcome: species, urothelial ulceration, urothelial inflammation, submucosal lymphoid aggregates, neutrophilic submucosal inflammation, and moderate submucosal hemorrhage. This study demonstrated that logistic regression modeling could provide a more objective approach to veterinary histopathology and has opened the door toward predictive disease modeling based on histologic variables.
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PMID:Predicting Diagnosis of Australian Canine and Feline Urinary Bladder Disease Based on Histologic Features. 3326 Sep 76


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