Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety-six urine samples were collected by a sterile technique from 75 dogs affected with urinary tract disease (cystitis, urolithiasis, prostatitis, etc) involving bacteruria. The infecting organisms were isolated and tested against sensitivity discs (penicillin G, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole/trimethaprin and Sulphatriad). The commonest isolate was Escherichia coli, which was generally sensitive to several agents, though in eight cases it was resistant to all drugs. Next in order were Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Proteus spp. A double infection was present in 11 cases. Further data give a breakdown for sex and the clinical diagnosis, neither of which was related to any particular organism.
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PMID:Lower urinary tract pathogens in the dog and their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. 33 57

Hematuria in rabbits has been associated with uterine adenocarcinoma, uterine polyps, renal infarction, urolithiasis, cystitis, bladder polyps, and pyelonephritis. Three adult female New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) developed apparent hematuria, as suggested by blood in their excreta pans. They had been immunized with antigen-adjuvant emulsions, but had uneventful clinical histories. Physical examination disclosed no abnormalities, and laboratory tests, including hematology, serum chemistries, urinalyses, urine cultures, ultrasonography, and intravenous pyelography disclosed mild anemia, hematuria, and proteinuria in two of the rabbits. Antibiotic therapy failed to alleviate clinical signs. Two rabbits were euthanized because of persistent urogenital bleeding and the third rabbit underwent exploratory laparotomy and ovariohysterectomy. Multiple endometrial venous aneurysms were present in the uteri of all rabbits and urogenital bleeding was attributed to episodic bleeding from these lesions. Varices and aneurysms of uterine subserosal and myometrial venous plexuses, but not of endometrial vessels in women have been reported. To our knowledge, endometrial venous aneurysms have not been reported in animals previously. Our findings indicate that the differential diagnoses for sporadic apparent hematuria in female rabbits should include endometrial aneurysms.
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PMID:Endometrial venous aneurysms in three New Zealand white rabbits. 143 95

Nineteen cases of cystitis were diagnosed at necropsy and/or by histology in a group of 170 (96 females, 74 males) guineapigs (11.2%). Seventeen of the 19 cases (89.4%) were females. The mean age of guineapigs with cystitis was 34.7 months, which was higher than the mean age of 24 months of the 170 members of the study group. In addition, 6 cases of urolithiasis and cystic calculi in 5 females and one male were also found in the 170 guineapigs (3.5%). The mean age of the 6 cases was 30 months, which was also higher than the mean age of the 170 animals. The study suggests that aged female guineapigs were much more predisposed to cystitis and urolithiasis or cystic calculi than male and young guineapigs. The cause may be related to infection with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp, cystic calculi, diabetes mellitus and female guineapig urogenital anatomy and function.
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PMID:Cystitis, urolithiasis and cystic calculi in ageing guineapigs. 219 34

A nine year retrospective study of hematuria in 14 New Zealand White rabbits was conducted to classify possible etiologies of this clinical finding. Physical examination, laboratory tests, radiography and postmortem examination were utilized in most cases to verify the presence of hematuria and to determine its etiology. Uterine adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in two rabbits. Three rabbits had uterine polyps with hemorrhage. Renal infarction with hemorrhage was diagnosed in three rabbits. Urolithiasis with secondary urethral obstruction and hemorrhagic cystitis was identified as the cause of hematuria in four rabbits. Other causes of hematuria included chronic cystitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, bladder polyps and pyelonephritis. Hematuria of undetermined origin was observed in one rabbit. This last [corrected] case was negative for both blood and porphyrin in the urine, but positive for excess levels of urobilin, the oxidative product of urobilinogen. This case illustrates that hyperpigmented urine should be a rule out in all cases of suspected hematuria in rabbits.
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PMID:Hematuria in rabbits. 348 37

A technique for catheterizing male small ruminants is described. The barrier formed by the presence of the urethral diverticulum is avoided by the use of a pre-curved catheter. The technique enables application of contrast studies of bladder and urethra in animals suspected of urolithiasis. Differentiation between cystitis and obstructive urolithiasis is possible and the indications for urethrostomy can be reduced.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in small ruminants. II. Cysto-urethrography as a new aid in diagnosis. 356 21

Inflammatory bowel disease affects the genitourinary tract not infrequently, either by way of direct extension of the gastrointestinal inflammatory process or through metabolic interrelationships between the two organ systems. The abnormalities that most frequently result include retroperitoneal abscess, ureteral obstruction, cystitis, enterovesical fistula, and urolithiasis. Some of these may be sufficiently symptomatic to draw attention to their presence, even, on occasion, overshadowing or preceding gastrointestinal disease symptoms. Other urinary lesions are clinically silent and require periodic uroradiologic evaluation for purposes of discovery.
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PMID:Genitourinary complications of inflammatory bowel disease. 382 92

Joseph Jacob Plenck (1735-1807) is considered to be the forerunner of modern European dermatology, who also compiled a list of about 800 plants with medicinal uses. Of these about 115 have diuretic properties and are currently included in various pharmacopeias. They were traditionally used to cure ascites of various causes, in urolithiasis, nephritis, cystitis, bladder ulcers, strangury, urinary retention and incontinence. Few of these plants have been fully investigated by modern medicinal chemists, and many are worthy of further study.
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PMID:Joseph Jacob Plenck (1735-1807). 784 72

Each of the previously mentioned materials can be used in procedures performed on an outpatient basis using sedation and local anesthesia. Teflon usually requires general anesthesia. None of these materials, however, should be used in acute conditions involving cystitis, urolithiasis, or infection. Table 4 summarizes the postoperative care after a bulking agent injection. There are obvious advantages to using injectable materials for ISD, one of which is that the outpatient procedure is usually done under local anesthesia. It does not have the risks inherent in open surgical procedures like slings or artificial sphincters, and it causes minimal increase of urethral resistance to detrusor-generated micturition force. Such procedures are obviously easier and faster to perform with less cost and rapid recovery followed by a return to regular activity within 48 hours. In conclusion, injection therapy for urinary incontinence is appropriate, but the most effective substance has probably not yet been determined.
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PMID:The evolving role of submucosal injectables for treating internal sphincteric deficiency. 986 41

A high frequency of struvite urolithiasis, hydronephrosis, and other urinary tract lesions developed in a group of Lewis rats inoculated intracranially with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Initially, clinically ill rats were referred to necropsy: 30 rats over 3 years. These rats had high frequency of urolithiasis (8/30, 27%), hydronephrosis (12/30, 40%), cystitis (9/30, 30%), transitional cell carcinoma (4/30, 13%), and pyelonephritis (19/30, 63%). Lesions were more common in LCMV-inoculated rats. After this trend was noted, all rats on this protocol were necropsied as part of a cohort study (n = 144). Although the apparent frequency of disease was lower due to increased sampling, there still was a high number of urolithiasis (9/144, 6%) and hydronephrosis (40/144, 28%) cases. All cases of urolithiasis developed in rats inoculated with LCMV (9/44, 20%), as did most cases of hydronephrosis (31/44, 70%). Although sham-injected and uninoculated control rats also had high frequency of hydronephrosis (6/57 [11%] and 3/43 [7%], respectively), LCMV-inoculated rats had a significantly higher frequency of disease than did sham inoculated (P < 0.0001) and uninoculated (P < 0.0001) controls. These results suggest that Lewis rats may be predisposed to developing lesions of the urinary tract, and that intracranial inoculation of rats with LCMV augments this tendency, leading to formation of struvite calculi and associated urinary tract disease.
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PMID:Urolithiasis associated with experimental lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus inoculation in Lewis rats. 1525 79

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are both androgen-dependent disorders, displaying in situ high levels of dihydrotestosterone with a good therapeutic response to finasteride. Embryological development of both the hair follicle and the prostate depends on mesenchymal-epithelial interaction, which is influenced by the expression of type 2 5alpha-reductase. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between the size of the prostate gland and the prevalence and severity of AGA. A total of 46 patients age between 56 and 87 years were retrospectively recruited. They fulfilling the clinical diagnosis of BPH defined as (1) prostate volume > 30 cm3, measured by transrectal ultrasound, (2) maximal urine flow rate < 15 ml/s and mean urine flow rate < 10 ml/s, and (3) prostate serum albumin < 10 ng/ml. The control group comprised 34 patients aged between 49 and 81 years with urogenital infection, cystitis or urolithiasis. The expression and severity of AGA were evaluated by dermatologists using modified Norwood/Hamilton classification. Patients with a prostate volume > 30 cm3 had a higher prevalence of AGA than patients with a smaller prostate (< 30 cm3) (83.3% vs 61.3%; P < 0.05). The prostate size, however, did not correlate with the severity of AGA in either group or in the whole patient group. The prevalence of AGA was not significantly different in patients with or without BPH (85.7% vs 70.6%). The prostate was slightly larger among patients with AGA than among those without AGA (mean+/-SD 42.7+/-17.4 vs 35.4+/-14.9 cm3), but this was not statistically significant. There was no significant correlation between the age of onset of AGA and the development of BPH. Our results suggest that a larger prostate is associated with a higher prevalence of AGA. It remains to be seen if long-term use of finasteride in AGA patients will prophylactically lower the incidence of BPH.
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PMID:Patients with a large prostate show a higher prevalence of androgenetic alopecia. 1551 24


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