Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We performed 76 flexible, actively deflectable ureteronephroscopic procedures in 68 patients. Of the patients 61 were examined transurethrally, 3 via an ileal loop, 2 percutaneously and 2 via ureterostomy. Indications for flexible, actively deflectable ureteronephroscopy included urolithiasis in 28 patients, upper tract filling defect in 25, lateralizing hematuria in 8, retrograde endopyelotomy in 2, post-endopyelotomy evaluation in 6, surveillance for transitional cell carcinoma in 4 and other reasons in 3. The area of interest was accessed successfully in 96% of the patients. In 57 instances an attempt was made to inspect all calices and was successful in two-thirds of the patients. However, greater than 75% of the collecting system was accessed in all but 2 of these 57 patients. Over-all, diagnostic and/or therapeutic maneuvers were successful in 84% of the patients. Flexible, actively deflectable ureteronephroscopy provides the urologist with a minimally invasive means to evaluate and treat pathological conditions of the upper urinary tract.
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PMID:Flexible, actively deflectable fiberoptic ureteronephroscopy. 279 49

Fifteen patients with stricture of upper urinary tract and 4 patients suspected of having upper tract carcinoma were managed with endourological (percutaneous or transurethral) techniques. The strictures were treated with various dilation catheters and the optical urethrotome. Eleven cases (73.3%) were successfully treated and satisfactory urinary passage was attained. The 4 patients suspected of having upper tract neoplasms were diagnosed accurately with endoscopy, 2 patients had transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis and the others had benign ureteral polyps. The endourological technique was a useful method for the treatment of ureteral stenosis and the diagnosis of upper tract neoplasm except for the treatment of urolithiasis. This technique will become useful tool in urology.
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PMID:[Management of endourological technics with upper urinary tract diseases except urolithiasis]. 321 92

Dietary uracil at the 3% level induces urinary bladder tumors in rats through urolithiasis-dependent mechanical irritation. In the present study, comparison of lesions induced by uracil administration over the different periods of 36 weeks (middle-term) and up to 103 weeks (long-term) revealed significant elevation of both incidences and multiplicity of transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) in the long-term group. Histopathological assessment in terms of tumor biology further demonstrated significantly higher grading on the basis of the degree of cellular and structural atypia, and greater depth of invasion in the long-term group. Application of markers for cell proliferation activities including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) also revealed significantly elevated AgNOR counts in the long-term group TCC. AgNOR counts and PCNA rates in TCCs showed relation to the histological grades. Thus the present study demonstrated that prolonged uracil-induced urolithiasis causes more biologically aggressive bladder carcinomas with invasive potential. Continuous stimulation of cell proliferation presumably has the potential to facilitate multiple genetic alterations leading to development of more malignant carcinomas. However, it should be borne in mind that the difference in bladder cancer development might also be related to the fact that the animals survived longer and that the early lesions therefore had more time to progress to more advanced stages.
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PMID:Progressive growth of rat bladder carcinomas after exposure to prolonged uracil-induced urolithiasis. 799 27

In some cases of primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), there may be some uncertainty in clinical decision making. We present a case in which a pT1-N0 urothelial tumor was found in the renal pelvis after an open nephrectomy for urolithiasis. Because incomplete excision of the ureter can lead to recurrence of the TCC, we deemed it necessary to remove the residual ureter. Therefore, a combined endoscopic-transvescical laparoscopic ureterectomy was performed. The transabdominal approach was chosen for the procedure, because the patient had already undergone open nephrectomy with retroperitoneal access and was thus likely to have adhesions and inflammation in the region. For the endoscopic phase of surgery, a technique of ureteral intussusception was combined with transurethral resection. The choice of the endoscopic transurethral procedure was prompted by the fact that transurethral resection of the ureteral orifice and invagination ureterectomy has already been proposed as the first step of nephroureterectomy. The combined endoscopic laparoscopic procedure was not technically demanding; the ureterectomy took no longer than an open procedure. The surgery was uneventful, and the patient resumed normal activities the day after surgery. The broader issue of whether this technique should be adopted by the urological community at large as a routine practice requires longer follow-up outcome data.
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PMID:An atypical presentation of upper urothelial tumor. 1128 44

We evaluated the usefulness of urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) compared to urinary cytology in the detection of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Between July 1999 and March 2000, 227 patients complaining of microscopic or gross hematuria were analyzed. Twenty-four patients (10.6%) had urothelial TCC. The urinary NMP22 level was significantly higher in the patients with urinary TCC compared to the other patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the results obtained with urinary NMP22 were 58.3% and 84.2%, respectively, and those obtained by urinary cytology were 45.8% and 98.0%, respectively. False-positive results were obtained with urinary NMP22 in the patients with urinary diversion using intestine, bladder invasion from other cancers, urinary tract infection, and urolithiasis. The urinary NMP22 level was significantly associated with tumor stage, suggesting its usefulness for detection of urothelial TCC. However, although urinary NMP22 showed equal sensitivity for the detection of TCC, it was not superior to urinary cytology.
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PMID:[Evaluation of usefulness of urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) in the detection of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma]. 1149 92

A high frequency of struvite urolithiasis, hydronephrosis, and other urinary tract lesions developed in a group of Lewis rats inoculated intracranially with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Initially, clinically ill rats were referred to necropsy: 30 rats over 3 years. These rats had high frequency of urolithiasis (8/30, 27%), hydronephrosis (12/30, 40%), cystitis (9/30, 30%), transitional cell carcinoma (4/30, 13%), and pyelonephritis (19/30, 63%). Lesions were more common in LCMV-inoculated rats. After this trend was noted, all rats on this protocol were necropsied as part of a cohort study (n = 144). Although the apparent frequency of disease was lower due to increased sampling, there still was a high number of urolithiasis (9/144, 6%) and hydronephrosis (40/144, 28%) cases. All cases of urolithiasis developed in rats inoculated with LCMV (9/44, 20%), as did most cases of hydronephrosis (31/44, 70%). Although sham-injected and uninoculated control rats also had high frequency of hydronephrosis (6/57 [11%] and 3/43 [7%], respectively), LCMV-inoculated rats had a significantly higher frequency of disease than did sham inoculated (P < 0.0001) and uninoculated (P < 0.0001) controls. These results suggest that Lewis rats may be predisposed to developing lesions of the urinary tract, and that intracranial inoculation of rats with LCMV augments this tendency, leading to formation of struvite calculi and associated urinary tract disease.
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PMID:Urolithiasis associated with experimental lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus inoculation in Lewis rats. 1525 79

The transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the upper urinary tract is relatively uncommon. The clinical presentation of TCCs and many other diseases of the upper urinary tract are nonspecific, and most of these lesions are usually necessary to be evaluated by computed tomography (CT) urography. CT appearances of TCCs can be classified as papillary, infiltrating papillary, and diffusely infiltrating tumor. Most TCCs of the upper urinary tract can be identified on the bases of characteristic CT appearances. However, some benign lesions may mimic different categories of TCCs and should be taken into account for differentiating diagnosis. These lesions include endometriosis, nephrogenic adenoma, mycetomas, malacoplakia, and inflammatory pseudotumor which are similar to infiltrating papillary TCCs; complex urolithiasis, passed stone of ureter and ureteropelvic junction, chronic ureteropelvic junction obstruction with superimposed infection, atypical pyelonephritis, and tuberculosis which mimic diffusely infiltrating TCCs, and fibroepithelial polyp which has the same CT appearances as papillary TCCs. The useful CT signs to make differential diagnosis involve enhanced pattern, location of lesion, induration of urinary tract, and range of thickening of urinary wall. The three-dimension (3D) reconstructed images is useful in making differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Transitional cell carcinoma of upper urinary tract vs. benign lesions: distinctive MSCT features. 1858 Nov 62