Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is an aggressive neoplasm occurring almost exclusively in adolescents and young adults with sickle cell (SC) hemoglobinopathies, usually sickle cell trait (SCT) or hemoglobin SC disease. The most common presentations are hematuria and flank or abdominal pain. It is a highly malignant tumor, and responses to chemotherapy are rare and transient resulting in a dismal prognosis. A high level of suspicion is necessary when evaluating at risk patients presenting with hematuria or flank pain, as currently it appears that only early diagnosis could potentially alter the outcome of this disease. We report a case of RMC in a young male patient with SCT, who presented to the emergency department with low back pain and microscopic hematuria, clinically mimicking acute obstructing urolithiasis. Our case emphasizes the need to consider alternate diagnoses when evaluating computed tomography scans for acute flank pain.
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PMID:Renal medullary carcinoma: unsuspected diagnosis at stone protocol CT. 1740 14

The prevalence of HIV continues to grow in the United States and worldwide. HIV-positive patients experience many genitourinary disease processes. With improvements in HIV therapy, patients have questions and concerns pertaining to their quality of life. This article reviews conditions such as HIV-related urinary tract infections, urolithiasis, voiding dysfunction, fertility, sexual dysfunction, HIV-related nephropathy, malignancies, and occupational exposure and prophylaxis. Knowledge of the various HIV manifestations of genitourinary conditions and their treatment options benefits clinicians and improves patient outcomes.
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PMID:HIV-AIDS: urologic considerations. 1806 Oct 24

Pancreatic cancer is sometimes called a "silent disease" because it often causes no symptoms in the early stage. The symptoms can be quite vague and various depending on the location of cancer in the pancreas. The anatomic site distribution is 78% in the head of the pancreas, 11% in the body, and 11% in the tail. Pancreatic cancer is rarely detected in the early stage, and it is very uncommon to diagnose pancreatic tail cancer during an emergency department visit. The manifestation of pancreatic tail cancer as left flank pain is very rare and has seldom been identified in the literature. We present a case of pancreatic tail cancer with the sole manifestation of dull left flank pain. Having negative findings on an ultrasound study initially, this female patient was misdiagnosed as having possible acute gastritis, urolithiasis or muscle strain after she received gastroendoscopy and colonofiberscopy. Her symptoms persisted for several months and she visited our emergency department due to an acute exacerbation of a persistent dull pain in the left flank area. Radiographic evaluation with computed tomography was performed, and pancreatic tail tumor with multiple metastases was found unexpectedly. We review the literature and discuss this rare presentation of pancreatic tail cancer.
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PMID:Pancreatic tail cancer with sole manifestation of left flank pain: a very rare presentation. 1863 19

Asymptomatic microscopic and gross hematuria are common problems for the primary care physician. The exact definition of microscopic hematuria is debated, but is defined by one group as > 3 red blood cells/high power microscopic field. While the causes of hematuria are extensive, the most common differential diagnosis for both microscopic and gross hematuria in adults includes infection, malignancy, and urolithiasis. Clinical evaluation of these patients often involves urological consultation with urine cytology, urine culture, imaging studies, and cystoscopy. Patients who have no identifiable cause after an extensive workup should be monitored for early detection of malignancy or occult renal disease.
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PMID:Hematuria: etiology and evaluation for the primary care physician. 1870 66

Obstructive uropathy can be caused by urolithiasis, fibrotic ureteral stricture, inflammatory ureteritis with polyp formations, ureteral malignancy and various forms of external compression. Ureteral herniation is a relatively rare cause of obstructive uropathy and has been reported with herniation sites including inguinal canal, femoral canal and sciatic foramen. Most ureteral herniations occur in the inguinal area. In the literature, previous cases of sciatic ureter have been treated with observation in asymptomatic patients or with surgery in patients with obstructive uropathy or clinical symptomatology. We report the case of a 91-year-old female with asymptomatic hydronephrosis of the left kidney due to extremely rare ureterosciatic herniation. Her global renal function was acceptable. As she was elderly and a poor surgical candidate, watchful waiting was recommended after discussion with the patient and her family.
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PMID:Ureterosciatic hernia causes obstructive uropathy. 1881 45

In recent years the nature of HIV infection has been dramatically transformed from an invariably fatal disease to a chronic disorder with a relatively benign course. Disease progression from HIV to AIDS and HIV-related mortality can be reduced effectively by several years of treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). For patients who do not have access to HAART, HIV infection continues to be a lethal disorder characterized by opportunistic infection with uncommon organisms (e.g. mycobacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses), as well as lethal malignancies such as Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the penis or cervix. In patients receiving HAART, urologic complications are likely to be caused by adverse effects of antiretroviral medication (e.g. indinavir urolithiasis) or disorders associated with aging, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Prospective clinical trials have shown that adult male circumcision can reduce the rate of female to male HIV transmission by more than 50%; however, the development of preventive or curative modalities with 100% efficacy remains elusive.
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PMID:Urologic complications of HIV and AIDS. 1913 4

We compared the sensitivity of Bladder Chek NMP22 with that of urine cytology in bladder cancer patients. Further, we evaluated the usefulness of Bladder Chek NMP22 in patients with benign diseases such as cystitis, urolithiasis, and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and examined how blood cells in urine samples affect the results of Bladder Chek NMP22. Patients with macroscopic hematuria were excluded from this study. Of 77 bladder cancer patients, Bladder Chek NMP22 showed positive in 46.8%, while urine cytology in 33.8% (p = 0.16). Bladder Chek NMP22 and urine cytology showed positive in 31.8 and 0.0% in G1 (p = 0.004), 51.2 and 46.3% in G2 (p = 0.66) and 57.1 and 50% in G3 (p = 0.71); 44.4 and 88.9% in Tis (p = 0.052), 25.6 and 15.4% in Ta (p = 0.27), 72.2 and 33.3% in T1 (p = 0.02) and 81.8 and 54.5% in T2 or higher (p = 0.18), respectively. In bladder cancer patients with microscopic hematuria or pyuria, the positive rates of Bladder Chek NMP22 were 82.1 and 73.1%, respectively, whereas they were 26.5% (p < 0.001) and 33.3% (p = 0.002), respectively, in those without hematuria or pyuria. In 36 cystitis, 20 urolithiasis, and 19 BPH patients, the positive rates of Bladder Chek NMP22 were 58.3, 25.0 and 5.5%, respectively. Bladder Chek NMP22 showed higher sensitivity for detection of bladder cancer, especially in low-grade and low-stage cancers than urine cytology, but the result was likely affected by blood cells in urine samples. Thus, although Bladder Chek NMP22 may be less useful as the first device for screening of urothelial cancer in patients with hematuria or pyuria, it may show results of high quality when used in patients with negative urine cytology after excluding benign diseases.
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PMID:[Influence of blood cells in urine samples on results of screening for urothelial carcinoma with NMP22 bladder chek]. 1930 10

The most common causes of hematuria in adults include urinary tract infections, urolithiasis, benign prostatic enlargement, and urologic malignancy. Once hematuria is confirmed, its cause should be investigated through a comprehensive history, a focused physical examination, laboratory studies, an image-based assessment of the upper urinary tract, and a cystoscopic evaluation of the lower urinary system. Prompt evaluation and appropriate referral of patients with documented hematuria should be initiated in the primary care setting according to the proposed guidelines, and aimed at cost-effective and early detection of urologic abnormality.
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PMID:Assessment of hematuria. 2109 18

Besides its role in bladder and kidney cancer, urology plays a leading part in oncology particularly with regard to prostate cancer, the most frequent malignant tumor found in men. The multitude of hereditary anomalies of the urogenital tract and the resultant medical conditions, the importance of urinary tract infections including the still deadly urosepsis, urolithiasis which has become as widespread a condition as diabetes mellitus, and urinary incontinence as an increasing problem of a continuously aging population play such a large role in routine practice that every practicing physician must acquire the necessary skills for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Is our current curriculum for training and continuing education adequate for this task?The primary goal of a meaningful program for continuing education must be to impart the corresponding qualities to young colleagues to ensure optimal patient care. The specialist certification exam itself should invariably be based nationwide on an objective written test: the existing European Board of Urology exam would be ideally suited to facilitate a comparison with other countries across Europe.
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PMID:[Is the training and continuing education for urologists in Germany still up to date?]. 2171 37

Hematuria is a common finding in primary care practice. Causes of significant hematuria include urinary tract infection, urolithiasis, malignancies, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and nephropathies. Hematuria is identified by taking a patient history and by performing a routine urine dipstick test. If a patient has a history of gross hematuria and/or a positive urine dipstick test, he or she should then have a microscopic urinalysis. The primary care physician can order ancillary tests such as laboratory tests to assess renal function, and possible imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography urography, or magnetic resonance urography. The patient may be referred to a nephrologist or urologist for further assessment if required. Cystoscopy may be considered. Even if the patient has a negative work up, guidelines recommend that primary care physicians follow the patient semi-annually for 3 years.
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PMID:What is significant hematuria for the primary care physician? 2308 46


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