Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The two most common causes of hypercalcemia are malignancy and primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degree HPT). The radiographic presentations and the histological findings on bone biopsy are important for differential diagnosis of underlying diseases. We report a patient with hypercalcemia who presented unusual bone manifestations. A 43 y/o woman was admitted due to right femoral fracture. X-ray on the right tibia revealed several osteolytic cystic lesions with sclerotic rims. Blood biochemistry showed anemia, impaired renal function and hypercalcemia. Multiple osteolytic lesions on the skull and bilateral forearms were also noted. Malignancy, such as multiple myeloma or metastatic cancer was suspected. However, this was excluded because of the absence of M-component on serum protein electrophoresis and the negative finding of plasma cells or other malignant cell on bone biopsy examination. Abdominal sonography demonstrated bilateral medullary nephrocalcinosis. The final diagnosis of 1 degree HPT was made, based on the findings of classic pathological pictures (brown tumor) and the markedly elevated intact parathyroid hormone (1267.4 pg/ml) level. Sonography on the neck and 201Tl/99mTc parathyroid subtraction scan localized a left lower parathyroid tumor and fine needle aspiration confirmed the parathyroid origin. Diagnosis of 1 degree HPT could only be made from recurrent urolithiasis and X-ray picture of osteitis fibrosa cystica in the past. This patient presented the full-blown skeletal changes which are uncommonly seen nowadays. The characteristic sclerotic rims suggesting increased bone formation provides a further important clue for differential diagnosis of 1 degree HPT from other malignancies with osteolytic bone lesions.
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PMID:A patient of primary hyperparathyroidism with full-blown bone changes simulating malignancy. 979 3

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and alterations in microsatellite DNA markers have been reported in bladder-cancer tumors. We have studied, in a blinded fashion, using PCR-based microsatellite analysis, genetic alterations of cells exfoliated in urine of 59 Caucasian patients and control patients; 31 with initially confirmed bladder transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC), 17 with signs and symptoms suggestive of bladder cancer, 6 control patients who underwent renal transplantation, and 5 control patients with urolithiasis. Microsatellite analysis of cells exfoliated in the urine allowed the diagnosis of 83% (10/12) of patients with bladder TCC recurrence confirmed by cystoscopy, while 100% of patients followed up for transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder for up to 12 months without evidence of tumor recurrence upon routine cystoscopy showed no microsatellite alterations. None of the patients without neoplasia (negative controls) had any microsatellite alterations, whereas all patients who underwent renal transplantation had additional new alleles corresponding to contamination with donor's renal and urothelial cells (positive controls). No control patients had any evidence of transitional-cell carcinoma by cystoscopy. Our results provide objective evidence that non-invasive molecular detection of bladder TCC by microsatellite analysis is reproducible with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 100% in Caucasian patients. This non-invasive procedure represents a potential clinical tool for the detection and the screening of bladder TCC.
Int J Cancer 1998 Dec 18
PMID:Assessment of microsatellite instability in urine in the detection of transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder. 984 73

Statistical observations of the inpatient operations at our department during the 27-year period from 1970 to 1996 revealed the following: A total of 9,287 operations were performed, comprising 7,488 males and 1,799 females. Operations for urolithiasis numbered 3,646 (39.3%) which was the most frequent, followed by operations for urological malignancies, 2,038 (21.9%) and for prostatic hyperplasia, 1,596 (17.2%). In the last decade, the number of operations for malignancies, prostatic hyperplasia, and especially for urolithiasis has increased. However the number of operations on pediatric cases has shown a marked decrease. Thanks to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic medical modalities, including ultrasound, computed tomographic scans, endoscope and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, the frequency of early cancer has thus increased, and the surgical procedure of choice has dramatically shifted to minimally invasive surgery.
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PMID:[Clinical statistics on inpatient operations during a 27-year period at the Department of Urology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital]. 1002 42

A 65-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of thirstyness and left lower abdominal pain. On admission, he was found to have urolithiasis, renal insufficiency (BUN: 73 mg/dl, Crt: 4.4 mg/dl), and hypercalcemia (13.2 mg/dl). Chest X-ray films and computed tomograms showed enlargement and calcification of the hilar lymph nodes, and thickened interlobar fissures in both lungs. Levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (30.2 IU/l) and 1.25 (OH)2VitD3 (66.4 pg/ml) were elevated. Histologic examination of the specimen obtained from transbronchial lung biopsy showed non-caseous epithelioid cell granulomas. Because the level of parathyroid hormone was normal and no malignancies were detected, a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made. Treatment with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, transurethral lithotomy, saline infusion, and prednisolone (30 mg/day) alleviated the urolithiasis, renal insufficiency, and hypercalcemia. After discharge, the patient was followed up and given prednisolone therapy. About 1 month after the prednisolone dose had been tapered to 15 mg/day, the patient experienced dyspnea and facial and pedal edema. Because congestive heart failure was diagnosed, he was re-admitted to our hospital for a second time. Although he was then placed on intensive therapy, he died of ventricular tachycardia associated with sarcoidosis of the heart.
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PMID:[Sarcoidosis with hypercalcemia, urolithiasis, renal insufficiency, and heart failure]. 1048 65

A 12-year follow up result of hemicorporectomy in a patient is represented. The patient was operated several times since 1983 for massive perianal condylomas. In 1985 the ulcer with hard edges was revealed in the perianal region, spreading to the perineum and root of the scrotum. Biopsy data evidenced for epidermoid carcinoma Abdominoperineal extirpation of the rectum was carried out with broad dissection of the skin of the perineum and with resection of the seminal follicle. Postoperative period was complicated by prolonged pyogenous infection of the perineal wound which prevented from radiation treatment. 9 months later the relapse of the tumor was detected in the perineum with deep pyogenic fistulas formation. 6 courses of chemotherapy by 5-fluorouracyl were carried out. During the process of examination in September 1987 in the perineal area a large massive tumor occupying the whole pelvic cavity and growing into the posterior wall of the urine bladder and left ishial bone, spreading to the scrotal root and surrounded by the net of fistulous tracts was revealed. Hemicorporectomy was carried out with previously layed one-stem sygmostomy keeping intact, and retroperitoneal Y-shaped uretero-ureter anastomosis being formed and right ureter being fixed at the skin of the right abdominal wall. A special prosthesis--"a glass"--was made for the patient, in which he could move from the bed to the chair or the wheeled chair, to move at home or in the street and to drive his own car. Later, evacuation of the uroliths through the uretherocutaneous stoma was observed. Gradually urolithiasis progressed, mainly in the right kidney, and in 1995 the development of purulent rightsided paranephritis was detected which demanded right-sided nephrectomy. Thus, in spite of a number of complications we can state, that hemicorporectomy has cured the patient of advanced, cancer and he feels satisfied with this treatment and saving 12 years of life.
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PMID:[Long-term result of hemicorporectomy]. 1071 Sep 11

When gastrointestinal tissue is used for bladder augmentation or replacement, multiple complications may ensue, such as infection, metabolic disturbances, urolithiasis, perforation, increased mucous production, and malignancy. Therefore, alternative methods are being sought for cystoplasty. There has been a resurgence of interest in the use of acellular collagen-based matrices as scaffolds for bladder regeneration. Experimental work involving several collagen matrices, such as allogenic bladder and intestinal tissues, is currently being conducted in several academic centers. Recently, functional bladder tissue has been engineered using selective cell transplantation. The approach that has been followed for bioengineering of bladder tissue involves the use of autologous cells, thus avoiding rejection, whereby a biopsy of tissue is obtained from the host, after which the cells are dissociated and expanded in vitro, reattached to a matrix, and implanted into the same host.
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PMID:Tissue engineering of the bladder. 1076 42

Chronic pains typically evaluated by a urologist are discussed from the perspective of a non-urologist pain clinician. The pathophysiology of some pains is understood and so we believe the patient's symptoms: examples are cancer-related pain and recurrent urolithiasis. We treat these pains with traditional analgesics. Other pains, such as those of interstitial cystitis, chronic prostatodynia, and chronic orchialgia are less understood and so are treated in a more conservative and often empiric fashion. Proposed therapies for these disorders are discussed.
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PMID:Chronic urologic pain syndromes. 1125 35

The androgen receptor gene (AR) contains a domain which includes a variable number of CAG sequences and alleles with low numbers of CAG repeats show high transactivation activity when complexed with testosterone. The ratio of 2nd and 4th digit length (2D:4D) is negatively correlated with phenotypic effects of testosterone. Low numbers of CAG repeats and low 2D:4D are both associated with high sperm numbers and protection against breast cancer. This suggests that CAG number and 2D:4D are correlated i.e. low CAG number and low 2D:4D indicate high activation of androgen-responsive genes. Findings from AR studies predict that low 2D:4D will be associated with prostate and hepatocellular cancer, urolithiasis, ADHD, ankylosing spondylitis, spontaneous abortion, and polycystic ovaries, while high 2D:4D will be associated with motor neuron diseases and endometrial cancer. Findings from 2D:4D studies predict that short CAG length will be common in autism and Asperger's syndrome, while high numbers of CAG repeats will be found in men who are prone to early myocardial infarction.
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PMID:The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a proxy for transactivation activity of the androgen receptor gene? 1220 64

A clinical statistics survey of the operations was performed at the Department of Urology, Nissei Hospital during a 20-year period from 1982 to 2001. The total number of operations was 3,164, and the number of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy procedures was 143. Operations for urogenital malignancies urolithiasis and prostatic hyperplasia numbered 893 (28.2%), 328 (10.4%), and 767 (24.2%), respectively. The total number of operations has been decreasing owing to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
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PMID:[Clinical statistics of the operations during a 20-year period at the Department of Urology, Nissei Hospital: 1982-2001]. 1261 14

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of MR urography (MRU) in the diagnosis of obstructive uropathy in selected groups of patients. The groups involved following pathologies: calculi; strictures of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ); benign and malignancy-induced ureterostenosis. Sixty patients with clinical diagnosis of obstructive uropathy were subjected to static fluid MRU (sMRU) with the use of 3D turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence in a 0.5-T magnet. The examination was completed with conventional MR sequences and in 12 cases additionally with sequences after the administration of Gd-DTPA and excretory MRU. The results were compared with intravenous urography (IVU), CT, US, clinical and histopathological data. The degree of the urinary tract dilatation as well as the level and type of obstruction were estimated. In patients with urolithiasis sMRU correctly depicted the degree of ureterohydronephrosis in 85%, in cases of UPJ stenosis and malignancy-induced ureterostenosis in 100% and in the group of benign ureterostenosis in 91% of patients. Determination of obstruction level in patients with stones was adequate in 92% and in cases of non-calculous ureteral strictures in 100% of patients. The sMRU sequence alone could not specify the nature of obstruction except 1 case of bladder carcinoma. Filling defects in ureters visible on MR urograms were verified with IVU or CT to exclude intrinsic tumours. Completed with conventional MR sequences sMRU enabled the depiction of solid mass or infiltration in 83% cases of malignancy-induced ureterostenosis, and in the remaining groups of patients neoplastic process was excluded in 91%. In conjunction with excretory MRU and conventional MR images sMRU appears to be a highly useful technique in assessment of obstructive uropathy, especially that of non-calculous origin. Among different clinical applications MRU is superior in the evaluation of dilated urinary tract in altered anatomical conditions (e.g. in patients with ileal neobladder).
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PMID:MR urography of obstructive uropathy: diagnostic value of the method in selected clinical groups. 1266 20


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