Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The reaction of leucocyte migration inhibition (RLMI), using antigens of autochthonous and allogenic tumors, was utilized to examine 21 patients with renal cancer and in 37 control patients. The antigens of renal cancer (AG RC) would suppress specifically leucocyte migration in all patients with cancer of the kidney, as compared with the migration without antigens or in the presence of normal tissue antigens of the tumor involved kidney. In 5 of 37 cases AG RC as well as those of normal renal tissue inhibited leucocyte migration in patients with urolithiasis and pyelonephritis. Autologous blood plasma in patients with renal cancer would contribute to inhibition of leucocyte migration by cancer antigens. There are some common specific antigens in renal cancer, recognized by lymphocytes from different patients with the tumor in question. RLMI may be used to establish the immune diagnosis of cancer of the kidney.
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PMID:[Suppression of leukocyte migration by autologous and allogeneic tumor extracts in kidney cancer patients]. 8 31

A suspension of chalk powder was injected into the cavity of the urinary bladder of Fischer 344 rats. Three weeks later rats were divided into 4 major groups and were given a submucosal injection. One group received a suspension of viable Chapman 4909 tumor cells, the 2nd group received a suspension of frozen-killed 4909 tumor cells, the 3rd group received a suspension of normal rat spleen cells, and the 4th group received cell-free fresh tissue culture medium. After 3 additional weeks urolithiasis was recognized in each experimental group. The incidence of calculi in the groups as listed above was 14 of 17, 6 of 11, 6 of 11, and 2 of 15, respectively. In control studies inocula consisted of tumor alone, i.e., without chalk powder. Inoculation of the 4909 rat bladder cancer cell line into the lumen of urinary bladders of rats did not result in any calculi after 3 weeks but did produce intramural tumor nodules and hyperplastic changes in adjacent host urothelium in 2 of 10 rats. The tumor inoculated in the submucosa of the bladder produced calculi and papillomas in 2 of 7 rats, and it produced intramural tumor nodules with adjacent hyperplasia of urothelium in all 7 rats.
Cancer Res 1975 Dec
PMID:Bladder calculi and urothelial hyperplasia with papillomatosis in the rat following insertion of chalk powder in the bladder cavity with subsequent trauma of the bladder wall. 119 33

Constitutional loss or inactivation of one copy of a tumor-suppressor gene, as exemplified by hereditary retinoblastoma, increases the propensity for malignancies by reducing the number of events necessary for the complete loss of the negative regulatory function. We developed a selectable mutation assay employing a human lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) derived from a heterozygous carrier of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency, for dissecting the second step in loss-of-function mutations and for determining the potential of physical and chemical agents for producing such mutations. The mode of mutational events arising in the wild-type allele of the functionally heterozygous APRT gene resembled that reported for tumor-suppressor genes in malignancies in that mitotic non-disjunctions or recombinations as well as deletions prevailed. Ultraviolet light (UV) was much less efficient in inducing these types of mutations than ionizing radiation. A group of autosomal recessive cancer-prone diseases, including xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), has been characterized as being more susceptible to genomic insults, owing to some defects in DNA processing, such as replication, repair, or recombination. This increased genomic instability may accelerate the gain-of-function mutation at a proto-oncogene and/or the loss-of-function mutation at a tumor-suppressor gene. XP complementation group A (XP-A) LCLs were extremely sensitive to UV-mutagenesis at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus even at equicytotoxic doses. Some unique mechanism may operate in UV-mutagenesis in XP-A. We have succeeded for the first time in rendering XP-A cells tumorigenic in athymic mice by applying multiple exposures to UV and subsequent treatment with TPA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Molecular bases for hereditary cancer-prone diseases. 129 55

The relationship of stature with the prevalence of 18 chronic diseases or groups of diseases was analysed using data from the 1983 Italian National Health Survey, based on a sample of 63,859 individuals aged 20 or over randomly selected within strata of geographical area, size of the place of residence and of the household in order to be representative of the Italian population. Rate ratios (RR) were computed using multiple logistic regression, including terms for sex, age, geographical area, education and smoking. For 15 out of 18 diseases or groups of diseases the RR was below unity in the highest quartiles of height, and the inverse trends with stature were significant for 11 (diabetes, RR 0.90 for highest vs lowest quartile; heart disease, RR 0.92; chronic bronchitis and emphysema, RR 0.84; bronchial asthma, RR 0.70; anaemias, RR 0.70; liver cirrhosis, RR 0.62; urolithiasis, RR 0.76; renal insufficiency, RR 0.71; arthritis, RR 0.89; psychiatric and neurological disorders, RR 0.82). None of the diseases considered showed significant direct trends with height, but hypertension (RR 1.09 for the highest vs lowest quartile), haemorrhoids or varices (RR 1.09) and cancers (RR 1.22) tended to be elevated in the highest quartile of height. The generalised inverse relationship between height and prevalence of chronic disease suggests that poorer nutrition in childhood and adolescence is an unfavourable indicator for the subsequent occurrence of several diseases. Major exceptions were hypertension and varices, two conditions highly dependent on the pattern of health care utilization, and cancer.
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PMID:Height and the prevalence of chronic disease. 160 29

The post-initiation enhancing activities of the non-genotoxic agent NaHCO3 and the genotoxic agent N-ethyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (EHBN) in combination with uracil-induced urolithiasis were investigated in a rat bladder carcinogenesis model. Animals were treated with 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) for 4 weeks, and then 3% uracil was given for 3 weeks in the early (weeks 4-7), middle (weeks 8-11) or late (weeks 12-15) post-initiation phase. In addition, administration of 3% NaHCO3, 20 ppm EHBN or no chemical supplement was performed for the 13 weeks when the rats were not receiving BBN or uracil. NaHCO3 in sequential combination with early and middle stages uracil treatment strongly enhanced tumorigenesis in the urinary bladder, while EHBN treatment amplified lesion development at the middle stage only of uracil treatment. DNA synthesis and associated epithelial surface alterations observed by scanning electron microscopy tended to be increased in the NaHCO3 and EHBN groups without BBN initiation, independently of uracil treatment timing. The present results demonstrated that uracil-induced urolithiasis during the middle post-initiation phase is highly active in enhancing bladder tumor development under the influence of a promoter or carcinogen.
Jpn J Cancer Res 1991 Oct
PMID:Timing effects of uracil-induced urolithiasis on amplification of second-stage promotion in rat bladder carcinogenesis. 165 69

Two hundred-five case histories of urosepsis have been analyzed for the recent 10 years in order to delineate diagnostic details. Urosepsis resulted from urolithiasis in 88 (42.9%), prostatic adenoma in 51 (24.9%), urologic cancer in 37 (18%) patients; other 29 patients had urologic diseases complicated by urosepsis. Difficulties with identification and size delineation of a septic focus were associated with the presence of bilateral renal involvement, lower urinary tract infections, urinary reflux and posttransplantation immunosuppressive therapy which reversed classic inflammatory symptoms. Extreme clinical variability of urosepsis often resulted in a delayed or premature diagnosis. Diagnostically revealing studies were sonography and computer tomography. Additional use of blood culture for bacteroides and L-bacteria, immune and biochemical tests, including total polyamine concentration, urea/creatinine ratio and leukocyte toxemic index provided an accurate diagnosis of urosepsis. These studies are essential in older patients and those with urinary disease and urologic cancers since urosepsis is diagnostically elusive in this population.
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PMID:[The diagnosis of urosepsis]. 170 66

Clinical backgrounds of 35 patients with urogenital infection, from whom methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated, were analyzed. Susceptibilities of these MRSA strains to various antimicrobial agents were also measured. Out of 35 MRSA strains, 29, 4 and 2 were isolated from urine, pus and sputum specimens, respectively, showing a definitely high isolation rate from urine. As for underlying diseases, 22 patients (62.8%), 11 (31.4%) and one each had a malignant tumor of the urinary tract or genital organ, prostatic hypertrophy, urolithiasis and vesicoureteral reflux, respectively. Patients aged at over 60 years numbered 20 (57%), and 32 patients (91.4%) were treated with some antimicrobial agent at the time of MRSA isolation. Out of 35 strains, 17 were isolated after total cystectomy with urinary diversion or transurethral surgery. As for the state of MRSA infection, 9 and 26 patients had single and polymicrobial infections, respectively, but none of patients had serious symptoms definitely thought to be caused by MRSA. On evaluation of susceptibilities of MRSA to various antimicrobial agents, the MRSA strains were found to be sensitive to minocycline, netilmicin and ofloxacin. From these results, MRSA strains isolated from patients treated in the field of urology were thought to rarely cause serious infectious symptoms, especially true for those isolated from the urine.
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PMID:[A study of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in the urological field]. 207 50

This paper reviews the literature on somatic and psychological consequences of vasectomy published in the past 10 years. Although there is some evidence in animal studies of harmful effects, these findings are not supported in the epidemiological and clinical studies. The somatic aspects are discussed in terms of hormonal and accessory gland function consequences, immunological data on animals and men (clinical studies of cancer, atherosclerosis, and urolithiasis, and epidemiological studies). Psychological aspects are viewed in terms of the effects on sex life, attitude toward family and children, repercussions on mental health, and second thoughts after vasectomy (displeasure, dissatisfaction, and regrets). The summary of clinical and large scale epidemiological studies indicates that there aren't any long term side effects of vasectomy on the health of individuals examined. The results are considered valid and reliable and a complete confirmation of long term safety of vasectomy. That some evidence was produced clinically on side effects may mean the results reflect methodological or experimental conditions, or the need for case control studies among male high risk groups. 2 points are made about the lack of statistical power and selection bias. Vasectomy may act as a co-risk factor. The risk is low and only appears in some groups of already high risk men with hypercholesterolemia and familial hypertension. The total number of high risk men is low, which means lack of statistical power. The 2nd point is that accessibility may present a selection bias, where patients elect not to have a vasectomy because of bad health or doctors may reject individuals in bad health or long term risk factors. The psychological aspects as reported show 90% of men satisfied with having has a vasectomy. There is not notable change in frequency of sexual relations or sexual desire. Studies have not been done which take into account cultural differences, and do not reflect comparisons with the before period. Interpretations and cross study comparisons lack uniformity and clarity. Reduced sexual relations could be considered appropriate for a couple requesting sterilization, and frequent sexual activity post operation could mean insecurity. Future studies might monitor closely the real life experiences to answer the why vasectomy, how adjusted, and so on. All the studies are restricted by limited options questions. Of concern is whether the man selected the right choice. Compared to costs, failure rate, and complications of tubal ligation, it is hoped that vasectomy continues as a viable and available method for couples.
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PMID:Does vasectomy have long-term effects on somatic and psychological health status? 209 10

Although most causes of hematuria are benign, urinary tract bleeding may signal the existence of a life-threatening disease. Gross and microscopic hematuria share a common differential diagnosis, including urinary tract infection, urolithiasis and bladder cancer. Clinical evaluation may be guided by the patient's age, sex, medical history and physical examination. Intravenous pyelography or sonography is usually the first procedure performed, although cystoscopy is indicated in the face of active bleeding. Those patients who remain undiagnosed after a complete evaluation should be followed with routine urinalysis and cytology to allow early detection of malignancy.
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PMID:Evaluating hematuria in adults. 266 99

The sequence of cellular alterations in urinary bladder epithelium associated with uracil-induced reversible urolithiasis was investigated in male F344 rats. Initial changes were submucosal edema with occasional mucosal erosion or ulceration which appeared on Day 2 of uracil administration. Simple hyperplasia of bladder epithelium was already evident at this time and calculus formation was noted as early as Day 4. Labeling indices in the bladder epithelium assessed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation were about 32% on Day 4 and then gradually decreased to 6% at Week 8 and 4% at Week 25 of chronic treatment. Histologically, a direct progression from simple hyperplasias, through papillary hyperplasias to papillomatosis, accomplished by Week 5, was evident. Dysplastic lesions were also apparent by Week 25. Topographically, papillomatosis was composed of marked interconnecting mucosal ridges of relatively uniform width. No polyp-like protrusions were present and the vascular pattern revealed by resin perfusion casting demonstrated that these mucosal lesions were supported by a uniform plexus of capillary vessels. After withdrawal of uracil from the diet the labeling index dropped dramatically to 0.002% after 1 week and urolithiasis and papillomatosis had disappeared by Weeks 2 and 3, respectively. The findings suggest that papillomatosis associated with uracil-calculi is a hyperplastic rather than a neoplastic response and that induction of putative neoplastic lesions is directly related to prolonged vigorous cell proliferation.
Cancer Res 1989 Jan 15
PMID:Cell proliferation induced by uracil-calculi and subsequent development of reversible papillomatosis in the rat urinary bladder. 291 Apr 56


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