Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 24 infants (age 1-4 years) with urolithiasis a good and recurrence-free long-term prognosis is shown in 15 patients with infected stones under following conditions: early diagnosis and operative treatment without residual stones, immediate therapy of bacteriuria and close-meshed follow-up controls. In these 15 infants the morbidity peak was in the second year of life. However in the remaining 9 infants with calcium oxalate calculi recurrent stones did occur on an average of 6 years despite of non-infection. The incidence of urolithiasis in the first to sixth year of life was 1:5 in comparison with the school age.
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PMID:[Today's prognosis of urolithiasis caused by infection calculi in the young child]. 274 62

In recent years the morbidity of the acute gestational pyelonephritis increased nearly double. From the anamnesis of 234 female patients who were hospitalised on account of chronic pyelonephritis or urolithiasis in 34.9% renal complications during pregnancy could be established. In these cases a sixfold increased coincidence of the lateral localisation of urological disease compared with the lateral localisation of the obstetrical complications. From the catamnestic data of 32 patients resulted a pathogenetic connection between chronic urological disease and acute gestational pyelonephritis. Pregnant women with contracted pelvis, megafetus, multigravidity and hydramnion fell ill from acute pyelonephritis 4 to 6 times more frequently than those in whom these risk factors which we intend to call compression factors were not existing. 72 pregnant women with compression factors and asymptomatic bacteriuria were given prophylactically antibiotics and carried out position exercises. In none of these pregnant women an acute pyelonephritis appeared during pregnancy. Apart from the primary prevention of the acute gestational pyelonephritis in 108 pregnant women also a prophylaxis of the recidivation of pyelonephritis has been performed. This consisted of a therapy with antibiotics for the persisting, asymptomatic bacteriuria as well as position exercises. Only in 2.7% of the metaphylactically cared patients a recidivation of the acute gestational pyelonephritis developed. Thus incomparison to other authors the number of recidivations of acute gestational pyelonephritides could bei reduced by the four- to sixfold.
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PMID:[Prevention of acute and recurrent pyelonephritis in pregnancy]. 355 33

We recently experienced two cases of encrustation and stone formation on double J ureteral stent which had been indwelt at pyeloplasty and at pyelolithotomy. In these patients, bacteriuria and pyuria had continued. Encrustation and stone formation were recognized by follow-up X-ray fairly soon after operation. Judging from our experience, encrustation and stone formation should be suspected in patients with persistent bacteriuria and/or pyuria and who have episodes of urolithiasis. To avoid encrustation and stone formation, the ureteral stent should be replaced more frequently.
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PMID:[Encrustation and stone formation in double J ureteral stent: report of two cases]. 376 47

During a one-year morbidity survey of urinary tract diseases in general practice 741 cases were diagnosed. Only about half of all the patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection had significant bacteriuria. In young women urinary tract infections and symptoms from the urinary tract without bacteriuria-in particular urethritis-were found to predominate. In middle-aged women, the urinary tract symptoms were ascribed increasingly to genital prolapse, while incidence of urolithiasis was the highest in any group, and urinary tract infections became less frequent. The prevalence of urinary tract infection showed another increase in elderly women, and recurrent/chronic pyelonephritis, which occurs with a steadily increasing prevalence throughout all age groups, became common.In younger male urological patients diseases with symptoms of urinary tract infection without bacteriuria were predominant, whereas prostatitis and urinary tract infections were less frequent. In middle-aged men, urolithiasis was especially frequent, while an increasing proportion of elderly men had prostatic hypertrophy, urinary tract infections, and recurrent/chronic pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Epidemiology of urinary tract diseases in general practice. 418 93

Urolithiasis is a rare complication following kidney transplantation. Experience with this complication in 6 of 426 transplantations performed from 1968 to 1979 is reviewed. The clinical symptoms are different from the disease in non-transplant patients. Three major predisposing causes for the development of calculi after kidney transplantation were found in our patients--urodynamic disorders following complications of the ureterovesical anastomosis, persistent bacteriuria and renal tubular acidosis and, less importantly, the presence of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria as a result of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Crystal-optical and x-ray-diffraction studies contributed to the interpretation of the constituents and texture of the calculi and of the aetiological factors concerned.
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PMID:Urolithiasis after kidney transplantation--clinical and mineralogical aspects. 701 27

Bacteriuria due to Salmonella typhi usually occurs following recent typhoid fever or in chronic carrier states. Data from 18 patients with S. typhi bacteriuria, seen during 5 years, were analyzed. Fourteen patients had localized urinary tract infection due to S. typhi. Four others had bacteriuria, probably associated with typhoid fever. Localized abnormalities of the urinary tract and kidneys and also systemic diseases were found to predispose patients to S. typhi bacteriuria. Local abnormalities encountered included urolithiasis (n = 3), prostatic hypertrophy (n = 1), and tuberculosis (n = 1). One renal transplant recipient and another with lupus nephritis had S. typhi bacteriuria. One had associated strongyloidosis, and another was pregnant.
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PMID:Significance of Salmonella typhi bacteriuria. 754 80

Clinical and epidemiological studies were performed on 1,184 cases of urolithiasis treated in the Department of Urology, Poh Ai Hospital. The incidence of urolithiasis was 147/100,000 population in 1991. The highest incidence was found in patients in their 50s. The male to female ratio was 2.9:1. There were 895 cases with single stones, and 289 cases with multiple stones. The ratio of upper to lower urinary tract stones was 13.6:1. Among the hospitalized patients, 673 cases (56.8%) underwent surgical treatment and 511 cases (43.2%) received conservative treatment with spontaneous stone passage. Among 1071 cases of upper urinary tract calculi, 567 cases (52.9%) underwent surgical treatment: 236 cases (41.6%) were treated by endoscopic surgery, 176 cases (31.0%) were treated by open-surgery and 131 cases (23.1%) by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Among 79 cases of lower urinary tract calculi, 75 cases (94.9%) were treated surgically: 68 cases (90.7%) by transurethral endoscopic surgery and 7 cases (9.3%) by cystolithotomy. According to analysis of 365 stones, the most frequent type was calcium-containing stones (92.3%). Pyuria was noted in 250 out of 1,086 (23.0%) cases. Bacteriuria was noted in 202 out of 914 (22.1%) cases. Concerning organisms isolated from the urine, Staphylococcus epidermidis was found most frequently (55/202). Stone patients increased in number during the summer season (July and August). Systematic questionnaires completed by the patients with urolithiasis, lead us to the following conclusions: 1) 50.7% (216/438) of patients gave a past history of urolithiasis, and 2) family histories showed that males whose siblings had urolithiasis were at the highest risk of uolithiasis, followed by those whose fathers had a history of urolithiasis.
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PMID:[Clinical and epidemiological studies on urolithiasis in Ilan]. 760 72

We examined whether prophylactic antibiotics are necessary or not during the ESWL treatment for patients with urolithiasis. Twenty-eight patients with unilateral renal or ureteral stones composed of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate or the mixed stones were treated with MPL 9000 between May 12 and September 30, 1992. Although 17 patients (60.7%) had complications of pyuria before treatment, none of the 28 patients had taken any prophylactic antibiotics during the treatment. To evaluate the clinical signs of infection, we examined the white blood cell count, in blood and urine sediment and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) value at the time of 1, 3 and 7 days after ESWL treatment, and body temperature and urine culture at the time immediately after the treatment in addition to the above-mentioned days, compared with the pre-treatment data. White blood cell count at one day after ESWL treatment was significantly elevated both in the patients with and without pyuria, while body temperature at the time immediately after the treatment was significantly elevated only in the patients with pyuria. Six of the 23 patients (26.1%) with preoperative sterile urine and who had urine culture immediately after ESWL, had bacteriuria. However, none of the 28 patients had any clinically significant infectious complications during ESWL treatment without any antibiotics therapy. We concluded that it is important to examine urine culture immediately after ESWL treatment for early protection from complication of urinary tract infection and that administration of prophylactic antibiotics is not necessary during ESWL treatment for patients with non-infection stones even concomitantly with pyuria.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on the need of prophylactic antibiotics during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy]. 821 71

To study a clinical problem in urolithiasis complicated with bacteriuria treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), we studied relationships between the frequency of bacteriuria and some clinical factors such as sex, location of, size of and composition of calculi in patients with upper urinary tract calculi. We also evaluated whether bacteriuria caused fever elevation after ESWL monotherapy. Six hundred seventy patients with upper urinary tract calculi, 440 renal calculi and 230 ureteral calculi, were subjected to the present study. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Bacteriuria was found in 40 of 440 patients with renal calculi (9%) and 12 of 230 patients with ureteral calculi (5%). 2) The frequency of bacteriuria was significantly higher in female (11%) than in male (6%) (p < 0.05). 3) Ten strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7 of Escherichia coli and 6 of Proteus mirabilis were isolated in patients with bacteriuria. 4) On the location of renal calculi in patients with bacteriuria, 37 out of 40 patients (93%) were found in R2. In contrast, bacteriuria was the most frequently found in DS 6 (19%), whereas the positive rates were about 10% in DS 3 (7%), DS 4 (*7%) and DS 5 (9%). The presence of bacteriuria was not related to the location of calculi or the size of calculi in patients with ureteral calculi. 5) Most of the calculi with bacteriuria were composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate or the mixture of calcium phosphate and carbonate with or without oxalate. 6) Patients with bacteriuria had a significantly higher rate of fever elevation after ESWL than those without bacteriuria (p < 0.01).
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PMID:[A clinical study on upper urinary tract calculi treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) monotherapy, with regard to bacteriuria before ESWL treatment]. 832 Aug 92

Proteus mirabilis, a significant cause of bacteriuria and acute pyelonephritis in humans, produces urease. This high-molecular-weight, multimeric, cytoplasmic enzyme hydrolyzes urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. To assess the role of urease in colonization, urolithiasis, and acute pyelonephritis in an animal model of ascending urinary tract infection, we compared a uropathogenic strain of P. mirabilis with its isogenic urease-negative mutant, containing an insertion mutation within ureC, the gene encoding the large subunit of the enzyme. Mice challenged transurethrally with the parent strain developed significant bacteriuria and urinary stones. The urease-negative mutant had a 50% infective dose of 2.7 x 10(9) CFU, a value more than 1,000-fold greater than that of the parent strain (2.2 x 10(6) CFU). The urease-positive parent strain reached significantly higher concentrations and persisted significantly longer in the bladder and kidney than did the mutant. Indeed, in the kidney, the parent strain increased in concentration while the mutant concentration fell so that, by 1 week, the parent strain concentration was 10(6) times that of the mutant. Similarly, the urease-positive parent produced significantly more severe renal pathology than the mutant. The initial abnormalities were in and around the pelvis and consisted of acute inflammation and epithelial necrosis. By 1 week, pyelitis was more severe, crystals were seen in the pelvis, and acute pyelonephritis, with acute interstitial inflammation, tubular epithelial cell necrosis, and in some cases abscesses, had developed. By 2 weeks, more animals had renal abscesses and radial bands of fibrosis. We conclude that the urease of P. mirabilis is a critical virulence determinant for colonization, urolithiasis, and severe acute pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Contribution of Proteus mirabilis urease to persistence, urolithiasis, and acute pyelonephritis in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection. 851 76


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