Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gout is a common disease arising due to abnormal purin metabolism and excessive accumulation of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia) and manifesting with attacks of acute gouty arthritis. In long duration of gout uric acids accumulate in the bones and periarticular tissues as tophuses. Repeat attacks lead to development of chronic gouty arthritis. Purins restriction diet is an important component of gout treatment. Treatment of acute arthritis should be started early, in initial pains before the development of the attacks. Gouty arthritis in the presence of continuous hyperuricemia, tophyses and urolithiasis is treated with allopurinol. Its intake should be long and controlled by the blood level of uric acid. Balneotherapy is recommended for patients with chronic gouty arthritis associated with cardiovascular diseases, urolithiasis.
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PMID:[Gout: current views. Stage oriented treatment]. 1189 31

Gout refers to heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by production of deposits of sodium urate crystals in tissues. Gout manifests as acute gouty arthritis with classic clinical picture, or as chronic gouty arthropathy with periarticular and subcutaneous deposits of sodium urate crystals, i.e. tophi. As for kidney, gout is manifested as acute or chronic gouty nephropathy and urolithiasis. These manifestations occur separately or they are combined. Hyperuricemia of primary gout is caused rather by impaired renal secretion than overproduction of uric acid. Secondary hyperuricemia is associated with many pathological conditions; it is also connected with the use of various medicaments. Pathogenesis of gouty arthritis is critically influenced by sodium urate crystals and inflammatory processes they induce. Hyperuricemia is part of metabolic syndrome X which is associated with unanswered question of the relationship between uric acid and atherosclerosis. Although gouty arthritis is the most frequent inflammatory disease of joints in men over 50 years of age, it is often diagnosed and treated inadequately. On that account, the indication of long-term hypouricemic therapy should be always based on the following criteria: secondary causes of hyperuricemia have to be excluded first; frequency of gout attacks and the risk of their recurrence should be taken into consideration; then it is necessary to search for renal manifestations of gout; and last but not least, we should check whether there are any associated diseases classified in metabolic syndrome X.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy of gout]. 1696 17

Urate lowering treatment is indicated in patients with recurrent acute attacks, tophi, gouty arthropathy, radiographic changes of gout, multiple joint involvement, or associated uric acid nephrolithiasis. Uricosuric agents like benzbromarone and probenecid are very useful to treat hyperuricemia as well as allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor). Uricosuric agents act the urate lowering effect through blocking the URAT1, an urate transporter, in brush border of renal proximal tubular cells. In order to avoid the nephrotoxicity and urolithiasis due to increasing of urinary urate excretion by using uricosuric agents, the proper urinary tract management (enough urine volume and correction of aciduria) should be performed.
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PMID:[Uricosuric agent]. 1840 25