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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Efforts have been made to endorse the thory of a viral aetiology for the feline urolithiasis syndrome (FUS) in the male cat. The presence of virus in the urine of three cases could not be confirned nor could the condition be transmitted by intra vesicular inoculation of urine from four affected cats into the bladders of normal cats. Following these negative findings work was done on SPF cats and a survey made of the incidence of urethral obstruction in six SPF cat units in England. No cases were reported from four of these units over a two-year period. Five cases occurred in the other two SPF units, three of which were associated with feeding an expanded dry cat food. There is, thus, no direct evidence that viral agents are involved in the aetiology of FUS.
Vet Rec 1975 Jul 26
PMID:The case against a viral aetiology in feline urolithiasis. 23 80

Ninety-six urine samples were collected by a sterile technique from 75 dogs affected with urinary tract disease (cystitis, urolithiasis, prostatitis, etc) involving bacteruria. The infecting organisms were isolated and tested against sensitivity discs (penicillin G, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole/trimethaprin and Sulphatriad). The commonest isolate was Escherichia coli, which was generally sensitive to several agents, though in eight cases it was resistant to all drugs. Next in order were Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Proteus spp. A double infection was present in 11 cases. Further data give a breakdown for sex and the clinical diagnosis, neither of which was related to any particular organism.
Vet Rec 1977 Jul 23
PMID:Lower urinary tract pathogens in the dog and their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. 33 57

In 26 dogs treated surgically for urolithiasis, bacteriological examination of the urine and the interior of calculi showed that infection was present in both materials in 14 cases. Infection with phosphate calculi, present in 13 of these 14 dogs, was associated with a variety of bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Staph epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. In a follow-up examination of 16 dogs, organisms different from the original isolates were recovered from some cases. The significance of the persistence of viable bacteria within canine bladder calculi is discussed.
Vet Rec 1975 Jul 19
PMID:Relationship of bacterial infection in urine and calculi to canine urolithiasis. 80 18

Renal disorders in lambs may be congenital, infectious, toxic, immunologically mediated or secondary to urethral obstruction. Congenital abnormalities are uncommon. Kidney infections often are only one aspect of more widespread diseases, for example, tick pyaemia or salmonellosis. Toxic diseases, which affect mainly the renal tubules, may be caused by bacterial, chemical or plant toxins, although in lamb nephrosis the cause is unknown. Immunecomplex glomerulonephritis is uncommon, and one form, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis of Finnish landrace lambs, is under genetic control. Urolithiasis may have secondary effects on the kidneys.
Vet Rec 1990 May 26
PMID:Nephropathy in young lambs. 219 55

Bladder paralysis and sabulous urolithiasis were diagnosed in 10 horses with urinary incontinence. Additional neurological deficits in the hindquarters were detected in five of them. Treatment by catheter drainage and bladder lavage was unsuccessful, and all the horses were destroyed within 14 months of presentation. Neuritis of the cauda equina was diagnosed post mortem in one horse, but the cause of the paralysis was not identified in the others, although radiography revealed abnormal lumbosacral vertebral angulation in one case.
Vet Rec 1990 Aug 04
PMID:Ten cases of bladder paralysis associated with sabulous urolithiasis in horses. 221 31

High dietary levels of magnesium (greater than 2 g/kg drymatter [DM]) have been implicated as the main causal factor of urinary calculi in concentrate-fed lambs. Experiments were performed to try to reproduce this effect of high magnesium (from added calcined magnesite) on the incidence of urolithiasis in lambs. In the first, store lambs were given diets containing magnesium in the following concentrations: A,2.9; B,8.6 g/km DM. Twenty-four blackface lambs were each allocated to A and B and the control group of 160 lambs was fed a combined dried grass/sugar beet pulp pellet and hay ad libitum (diet C). The animals were housed and fed ad libitum until they were killed at an average liveweight of 35 kg. No animals showed clinical signs of urolithiasis and post mortem only a trace of calculous material was recovered from one lamb fed diet A. In the second experiment housed Suffolk and Suffolk cross lambs were fed a starter beginning at three to four weeks old and changed to a finisher at a liveweight of 23 kg. The feeds were either high magnesium starter (5.7) and finisher (6.0) or low magnesium starter (2.3) and finisher (2.8 g/kg DM). Twenty-two single lambs and 32 twins were assigned to both high and low magnesium diets. Lambs fed additional magnesium drank more water/kg DM intake and one of the single lambs showed clinical signs of urolithiasis and was killed. No others showed clinical signs and from the 62 killed there was no post mortem recovery of calculous material.
Vet Rec 1987 Aug 29
PMID:Role of magnesium in the aetiology of ovine urolithiasis in fattening store lambs and intensively fattened lambs. 366 May 71

A seven-year-old Jersey bull used for artificial insemination showed clinical signs of obstructive urolithiasis. This was confirmed by catheterisation and subsequent urethrotomy over the site of obstruction distal to the sigmoid flexure. Although urine flow was elicited after removal of the calculi, this was only temporary and the animal had to be killed 24 hours later. On post mortem examination about 2 kg of round, smooth, pearl-like calculi were found in the urinary bladder and the urethra of the sigmoid flexure was studded with similar calculi. It was concluded that urethrotomy at the sigmoid flexure or penectomy post scrotally would not have alleviated this condition.
Vet Rec
PMID:Massive obstructive urolithiasis in a bull used for artificial insemination. 409 83

Eighty-five male cattle with urethral obstruction due to urolithiasis were treated by surgery. In most cases local anaesthetic techniques combined with sedation were applied to the dorsally recumbent animals. The penis was transected and transposed in animals with a ruptured urethra. A ruptured bladder was repaired by a paramedian abdominal approach. The bladder was fistulated through the ventral abdominal wall when no alternative treatment was possible. Complications related to the different surgical interventions are described. Only 35.3 per cent of the animals recovered satisfactorily.
Vet Rec 1993 Nov 20
PMID:Surgical treatment of urethral obstruction due to urolithiasis in male cattle: a review of 85 cases. 831 Jun 29

Poor calcification of the teeth and the bones of the skull predisposes pet rabbits to dental disease. This study is a preliminary investigation into the dietary habits of pet rabbits. Owners were questioned about the feeding preferences of their pets. Manufacturers of rabbit foods were asked about the calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D content of their foods and how they had decided upon the formulation of their rations. Samples of rabbit food were analysed for calcium and phosphorus. Rabbits were found to be selective feeders. Rabbit food from pet shops consists of a mixed ration, of which the most commonly rejected ingredients were pellets and whole grain. The food manufacturers reported that calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D supplements are incorporated into the pellets. Food analyses demonstrated that rejection of the pellets and whole grain from the food can reduce a rabbit's calcium intake to below the minimum dietary requirement. The rabbit's unusual calcium metabolism is discussed. Calcium deficiency may cause osteomalacia but dietary excess may cause urolithiasis. Vitamin D deficiency may also exacerbate calcium deficiency. Recommendations are made for preventing calcium deficiency and dental disease in rabbits.
Vet Rec 1996 Dec 07
PMID:Calcium deficiency, diet and dental disease in pet rabbits. 912 6

Ten young, male, entire small ruminants (seven kids and three lambs) with obstructive urolithiasis, which were presented within three days of complete blockage and before rupture of the urinary bladder and urethra, underwent a minimally invasive surgical tube cystotomy through the left paralumbar fossa. The catheter was placed in the bladder lumen through a metallic cannula and fixed to the skin with a stay suture. Surgery was performed with the animal standing (six cases) or in right lateral recumbency (four cases) on the day of presentation. All animals were discharged the same day. Eight animals urinated normally within a mean of seven days (range four to 10 days). One animal had a blockage of urine flow as a result of kinking of the catheter on the third postoperative day, and in another the catheter collapsed on the fourth postoperative day. These were managed by a second, conventional surgical tube cystotomy. No recurrence of the condition was noticed in any of the animals during a six-month follow-up period.
Vet Rec 2010 Apr 24
PMID:Minimally invasive surgical tube cystotomy for treating obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants with an intact urinary bladder. 2041 14


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