Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vivo induction of interleukin-1 (IL-1) production during hemodialysis was investigated by measuring IL-1 activity in monocyte lysates from 59 patients undergoing long-term maintenance hemodialysis with complement activating and non-complement activating devices. In patients dialyzed with new hollow-fiber cuprophane dialyzers, predialytic (T0) monocyte-associated IL-1 activity was 12.5 +/- 3.0 U/ml (mean +/- SEM), a value that was higher than that found in normal individuals (2.85 +/- 0.85 U/ml; P less than 0.0025) and in non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (0.95 +/- 0.85 U/ml, P less than 0.0001). Cell-associated IL-1 activity was consistently increased after five hours of dialysis with cuprophane membranes (42.4 +/- 5.5 U/ml, P less than 0.0005). Systemic complement activation was demonstrated by the finding of increased plasma levels of C3adesArg antigen during dialysis. In patients dialyzed with high permeability polyacrylonitrile and polysulfone membranes, no intradialytic change in cell-associated IL-1 and no complement activation occurred. However, the mean predialytic values of monocyte-associated IL-1 in these patients (that is, 32.9 +/- 5.6 U/ml and 38 +/- 5.65 U/ml for the polyacrylonitrile and the polysulfone groups, respectively) were higher than the predialytic levels of cell-associated IL-1 in the patients from the cuprophane group (P less than 0.0025). Monocytes obtained at the beginning and five hours of dialysis from patients dialyzed with polyacrylonitrile devices, and monocytes obtained at five hours but not at the beginning of dialysis from patients dialyzed with cuprophane membranes, spontaneously released extracellular IL-1 after 24 hours of culture in serum free conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:In vivo induction of interleukin-1 during hemodialysis. 278 63

D dimer and other large fragments produced during the breakdown of crosslinked fibrin may be measured by enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies. In 91 patients with renal disease and varying degrees of renal dysfunction, plasma D dimer showed no correlation with renal function, whereas FgE antigen, a fibrinogen derivative which is known to be cleared in part by the kidney, showed a significant negative correlation with creatinine clearance. Plasma concentrations of D dimer were, however, increased in patients with chronic renal failure (244 +/- 31 ng/ml) (mean +/- SEM) and diabetic nephropathy (308 +/- 74 ng/ml), when compared with healthy controls (96 +/- 13 ng/ml), and grossly elevated in patients with acute renal failure (2,451 +/- 1,007 ng/ml). The results indicate an increase in fibrin formation and lysis, and not simply reduced elimination of D dimer by the kidneys, and are further evidence of activated coagulation in renal disease. D dimer appears to be a useful marker of fibrin breakdown in renal failure.
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PMID:Plasma D dimer: a useful marker of fibrin breakdown in renal failure. 279 64

Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were measured in 57 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) using a specific and sensitive RIA. The mean plasma ANP level in CRF patients [173 +/- 17.0 pg/ml (+/- SEM); n = 57] was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (37.6 +/- 1.9 pg/ml; n = 40). No significant correlation was found between plasma ANP and serum creatinine concentrations. CRF patients treated by maintenance hemodialysis had significantly higher plasma ANP levels than did nondialysis patients. Hemodialysis significantly decreased plasma ANP, and changes in plasma ANP levels after hemodialysis differed from those in serum creatinine concentrations. The mean serum creatinine concentration rose significantly 24 h after hemodialysis. In contrast, plasma ANP levels did not change in the first 24 h, but then rapidly increased. When ANP in predialysis plasma from patients with CRF was analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, the retention time of the main ANP peak coincided with that of synthetic human alpha ANP. These results suggest that expanded extracellular volume stimulates the secretion of ANP in CRF patients and that this increase in ANP release reflects a mechanism of compensation in volume homeostasis in man.
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PMID:Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic renal failure. 294 54

Two peptides consisting of amino acids 1-30 and 31-67 of the N-terminal end of the prohormone of atrial natriuretic factor (pro ANF) which vasodilate aortas in vitro, lower blood pressure in vivo, and have natriuretic properties were found to circulate in 54 normal human volunteers. The mean circulating concentration of pro ANF 1-30 was 1861 +/- 87 pg/ml (SEM) while pro ANF 31-67 mean concentration was 1478 +/- 71 pg/ml versus a level of 67 +/- 3 pg/ml for atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). In chronic renal failure their mean concentrations increased to 40,484 +/- 6,929 pg/ml (SEM), 108,566 +/- 16,888 pg/ml, and 348 +/- 81 pg/ml for pro ANFs 1-30 and 31-67 and ANF respectively. Since pro ANF 1-30 and pro ANF 31-67 circulate in man and have physiologic effects they meet the criteria of two new hormones.
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PMID:Two new hormones: prohormone atrial natriuretic peptides 1-30 and 31-67 circulate in man. 296 83

The relationship between kidney function and plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (irANF) levels as well as the effects of synthetic human ANF-(99-126) were investigated in 13 patients with mild to moderate chronic renal failure. Under basal conditions, glomerular filtration rate averaged 39 +/- 5 (SEM) ml/min/1.73 m2 and blood pressure (BP) averaged 166/107 +/- 7/2 mm Hg; 12 patients were hypertensive. Plasma irANF levels were significantly increased (98 +/- 16 vs 42 +/- 4 pg/ml in healthy control subjects; p less than 0.001) and correlated (p less than 0.05-0.005) inversely with hematocrit (r = -0.65) and positively with systolic BP (r = 0.75) or fractional sodium excretion (r = 0.75). Human ANF-(99-126) infusion for 45 minutes at 0.034 microgram/kg/min augmented (p less than 0.05-0.01) diuresis and urinary sodium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium excretion. During the subsequent 45 minutes of human ANF-(99-126) infusion at a rate of 0.077 microgram/kg/min, diuresis and electrolyte excretion remained elevated (p less than 0.05-0.01). Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were not significantly modified, but filtration fraction rose progressively (p less than 0.01). Human ANF-(99-126) infusion decreased BP (p less than 0.05-0.01), produced hemoconcentration (hematocrit + 7%; p less than 0.01) without negative body fluid balance, and increased (p less than 0.01-0.001) plasma norepinephrine, insulin, and serum free fatty acids; plasma aldosterone and renin activity were unaltered during but rose after cessation of human ANF-(99-126) infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Atrial natriuretic factor in mild to moderate chronic renal failure. 296 70

Renal failure and chronic haemodialysis are often associated with alterations in fluid status and plasma proteins. These changes, in turn, may result in pharmacokinetic alterations in affected patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of sufentanil in chronic renal failure patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Ten male patients were studied. Following induction of anaesthesia each patient received sufentanil 2.0 micrograms.kg-1 IV with subsequent serial plasma sampling for drug measurement from one to 360 minutes. A biexponential equation provided the best fit of the sufentanil concentration data with mean +/- SEM distribution (alpha) and elimination (beta) half-lives of 2.9 +/- 1.3 and 176 +/- 87 minutes, respectively. The mean Vc and Vd beta values were 0.15 +/- 0.05 L.kg-1 and 0.85 +/- 0.16 L.kg-1, respectively; plasma drug clearance was 11.5 +/- 3.7 ml.kg-1.min-1. Mean values for K10, K12 and K21 were 0.15 +/- 0.06.min-1, 0.4 +/- 0.14.min-1 and 0.1 +/- 0.04.min-1, respectively. With the exception of Vd beta, these pharmacokinetic values are similar to those reported in previous studies in general surgical, elderly and burn patients. The Vd beta values observed in this study may have resulted from alterations in drug distribution or elimination following revascularization of the implanted kidneys. Nevertheless, it appears that modification of sufentanil doses is unnecessary in chronic renal failure patients undergoing renal transplantation.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of sufentanil in patients undergoing renal transplantation. 252 91

The effects of a single oral dose of enalapril (20 mg) on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) plasma renin activity (PRA) aldosterone (PA), converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) and enalaprilat (E, active metabolite) were investigated during 96 h in 3 groups of 5 hypertensive patients with (1) normal renal function (creatinine clearance: Clcr greater than 80 ml.min-1); (2) moderate chronic renal failure: 80 greater than or equal to Clcr greater than 30 ml.min-1; (3) severe chronic renal failure: 30 greater than or equal to Clcr greater than 10 ml.min-1. Results are as follows (mean +/- SEM): (Table: see text) CEmax: maximal plasma concentration; TEmax: delay corresponding to CEmax; TE 1/2: plasma elimination half-life; AUCE: area under plasma level versus time curve. a: p less than 0.01; b: p less than 0.001; versus (1). In the 3 groups, CEI reached 87-94% as early as the 3rd h; however, at 96 h, CE1 was higher in (3) than in (1) and (2): 77.6 +/- 3.3% versus 6.0 +/- 1.6 and 17.7 +/- 4.8 (p less than 0.001 respectively). In (3). PRA increased at the 1st h and remained elevated: at 96 h, delta PRA was + 3.0 +/- 2.9 ng.ml-1 -.h-1 in (3) versus + 0.10 +/- 0.06 and + 0.25 +/- 0.17 ng.ml-1.h-1 .n (1) and (2) [(3) versus (1): p less than 0.01]; delta PA was lower in (3): -4.56 +/- 2.01 ng. 100 ml-1 versus -0.54 +/- 0.31 and -2.50 +/- 0.38 ng. 100 ml-1 [(3) versus (1): p less than 0.05].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical pharmacology of enalapril in hypertension with chronic renal failure]. 302 74

Circulating vitamin D3 metabolites were measured in 31 adult patients with chronic renal failure and 31 adults between 3 and 30 months after renal transplantation. No subject excreted over 1 g urinary protein daily nor received vitamin D or its metabolites. There was a positive correlation between 1,25(OH)2D3 and GFR between 15 and 90 ml/min in both chronic renal failure (r = 0.60, P less than 0.001) and transplant subjects (r = 0.49, P less than 0.01) and between 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 after transplant (r = 0.69, P less than 0.001), but not in chronic renal failure (r = 0.22, P = ns). There was a weak inverse correlation between 1,25(OH)2D3 and serum phosphate in chronic renal failure (r = 0.36, P less than 0.05) but not post transplant (r = 0.03, P = ns). Compared with 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations in 16 normal subjects (mean +/- SEM: 39.5 +/- 1.9 pg/ml), chronic renal failure subjects with mild renal impairment (GFR 45-90 ml/min, mean: 61.5 +/- 3.3 ml/min, n = 17) had reduced 1,25(OH)2D3 (28.9 +/- 2.7 pg/ml, P less than 0.01). In transplant subjects with mild impairment (GFR 45-90 ml/min, mean: 61.4 +/- 3.7), 1,25(OH)2D3 was positively (r = 0.79, P less than 0.001) and iPTH inversely correlated (r = 0.51, P less than 0.05) with 25(OH)D3. In each of nine such subjects studied, seasonal variations in 1,25(OH)2D3 (P less than 0.001) and PTH (P less than 0.05, 1-tailed test), as well as in 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3, were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Vitamin D3 metabolites in chronic renal failure and after renal transplantation. 313 43

Disturbances in the mineralization of hard tissues in patients suffering from chronic renal failure and in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis are a well-established phenomenon. These disturbances are the result of complex pathophysiologic alterations in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Disturbances in the dentin of teeth, analagous to those occurring in bone, were not recognized until 1983 when it was reported that a significantly thicker predentin layer was present in the teeth of patients with chronic renal failure and in patients being treated with chronic hemodialysis (1). The aim of the present study was to conduct a comparative ultrastructural (SEM) analysis of dentin in this group of patients. A wide spectrum of changes was detected, ranging from mild disturbances with increasing tubule irregularity and focal obliteration of tubule lumens, to widespread formation of dysplastic dentin exhibiting numerous mineralized, largely atubular globules with only occasional large, irregular tubules. In general, these changes appeared to reflect the type and effectiveness of treatment rendered (renal transplant or hemodialysis therapy). The findings suggest that dentin exhibits significant ultrastructural alterations when the underlying homeostatic regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism is disturbed in systemic disorders such as chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Dentin in chronic renal failure: an ultrastructural study. 313 33

The relationship of serum erythropoietin (Ep) levels to hematocrit and glomerular (GFR) filtration rate was evaluated in patients with chronic renal disease. The Ep level was measured by radioimmunoassay in 119 blood samples from 48 patients obtained over a period of up to 5 years. Hematocrit values correlated significantly with the GFR, but serum Ep levels did not change with a decline in the GFR. Significant anemia was noted only when the GFR fell below 20 ml/min/1.73 m2. Episodes of spontaneous acute hypoxic stress were observed in six patients with chronic renal failure. Serum Ep levels obtained during these episodes (mean +/- SEM: 273 +/- 76 mU/ml) were tenfold higher than Ep levels during stable steady-state chronic renal failure (26 +/- 6 mU/ml), even though Ep levels were inappropriately low for the degree of anemia in the stable state. Our findings suggest that the tissue oxygenation-Ep-hematocrit feedback mechanism operates at a lower set point in patients with chronic renal failure in comparison with normal subjects.
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PMID:Relation of serum erythropoietin levels to renal excretory function: evidence for lowered set point for erythropoietin production in chronic renal failure. 319 6


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