Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 29-yr-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was found to have no detectable C3b/C4b receptors (CR1) on her erythrocytes (E) when they were assayed by the binding of rabbit polyclonal and murine monoclonal (Yz-1) anti-CR1. Analysis by two-color fluorescent flow cytometry of CR1 expression on the patient's B lymphocytes that had been stained indirectly with monoclonal anti-B1 and rabbit F(ab')2 anti-CR1 also revealed a marked deficiency of CR1. Total cellular CR1 of neutrophils, assessed by a sandwich radioimmunoassay, was about half that of neutrophils from normal individuals. Because her E had expressed 173 sites/cell 2 yr before, the CR1 deficiency was considered to be acquired and a possible mechanism was sought. Autoantibody to CR1 was measured by a radioimmunoassay in which serum or its fractions were incubated in microtiter wells that had been coated with purified CR1, and binding of immunoglobulin to the wells was quantitated with 125I-labeled goat IgG antihuman F(ab')2. The CR1-specific binding of immunoglobulin from the patient's serum was 19.1 ng/well of the detecting antibody when her E had eight CR1 sites per cell; that of 28 healthy donors was 1.3 +/- 0.5 ng/well (mean +/- SEM), and that of 34 additional patients with SLE was 0.5 +/- 0.3 ng/well. The activity was present also in purified IgG and its F(ab')2 fragment, indicating that the binding of serum immunoglobulin to CR1 was not mediated by C3 fragments. The specificity of the patient's IgG for CR1 was confirmed when pretreatment of the CR1-coated wells with affinity-purified rabbit F(ab')2 anti-CR1 was shown to inhibit by 68% the binding of the IgG. The autoantibody also interacted with CR1 in cell membranes, as assessed by its capacity to inhibit the binding of indirectly fluoresceinated Yz-1 to neutrophils, and, when combined with goat IgG antihuman F(ab')2, to diminish the binding of dimeric C3b to normal E. During the period of the marked deficiency of CR1 the patient experienced an exacerbation of disease activity which was treated with prednisone. Clinical improvement was accompanied by a decrease in the serum concentration of anti-CR1 to levels present 2 yr earlier, and an increase of CR1 to 170 sites/E. The temporal association between high titers of an autoantibody to CR1, absence of CR1 from E, and heightened activity of SLE suggest that the former may have had a role in the other manifestations of the patient's disease.
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PMID:Autoantibody to the C3b/C4b receptor and absence of this receptor from erythrocytes of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. 401 77

The two common polymorphic variants of C3 are C3S/HAV4.1- and C3F/HAV4.1+. It was reported previously that erythrocytes coated with C3F rosetted more strongly with mononuclear cells than erythrocytes coated with C3S. We examined the binding of C3S/HAV4.1- and C3F/HAV4.1+ to complement receptors CR1, CR2, and CR3. The binding of 125I-labeled C3b dimers to erythrocyte CR1 was measured. Scatchard analysis showed a two-binding constant model with very similar binding constants for dimers prepared with C3S and C3F: for C3S Kd1 = 18.3 +/- 2 nM; Kd2 = 6.2 +/- 1 nM; for C3F Kd1 = 21.5 +/- 4 nM; Kd2 = 7.2 +/- 3 nM (mean +/- SEM). One-third of the binding sites were of the higher affinity. The rosetting of erythrocytes with different densities of iC3b, prepared from C3S or C3F, to CR2 on Raji cells was analyzed. The percentage of Raji cells rosetted was related to the coating dose of EC3bi: 400 molecules/cell = 9% rosettes; 5000 molecules/cell = 75%. The dose-response curves were very similar for C3S- and C3F-coated erythrocytes. CR3-dependent rosetting was studied in a similar manner by using neutrophils activated with f-met-leu-phe. CR3-dependent rosette formation with the indicator erythrocytes (600 to 6000 iC3b/cell) increased from 10% to 60% in a dose-dependent manner and was closely similar for C3S and C3F. Inhibition of CR2 and CR3 rosetting by fluid phase ligand was also studied. iC3b dimers (0.4 to 50 micrograms/ml) inhibited CR2-dependent rosetting in a dose-dependent manner but had no inhibitory effect on CR3-dependent rosetting. When the dimers were absorbed to fluorescent microspheres, they mediated phagocytic uptake of the microspheres in a CR3-dependent manner by neutrophils. CR3-dependent binding by activated neutrophils required surface-bound ligand.
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PMID:Comparison of the binding of C3S and C3F to complement receptors types 1, 2, and 3. 773 Jun 37

Isolated extramedullary relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated frequently with the T-lineage immunophenotype and may be accompanied by occult bone marrow disease. We employed highly sensitive multiparameter flow cytometry and blast colony assays to quantify the leukemic progenitor cell (LPC) burden in the pretreatment bone marrows of 15 pediatric T-lineage ALL patients with an isolated extramedullary first relapse. Sites of extramedullary relapse were CNS (11 patients), testes (3 patients), and both CNS and testes (1 patient). Bone marrow LPC were detectable in 8 patients (53%) and undetectable in 7 patients (47%) at day 0 of post-relapse induction therapy, with LPC counts ranging from 0/10(6) mononuclear cells (MNC) to 518/10(6) MNC (mean +/- SEM, 50+/-34/10(6) MNC). Five of 9 patients with an early relapse (< 18 months after achieving a first complete remission [CR1]) and 3 of 6 patients with a late relapse (> or = 18 months from CR1) had detectable bone marrow LPC at day 0. Five of 8 patients with NCI-defined poor risk ALL and 3 of 7 patients with NCI-defined standard risk ALL had detectable LPC at day 0. Following post-relapse induction chemotherapy. LPC counts were detectable in bone marrows of 4 of 6 evaluated patients. Thus, approximately half of the extramedullary relapse T-lineage ALL patients studied had substantial occult involvement of the bone marrow. These findings may partly explain the previously observed poor prognosis of T-lineage patients following a CNS relapse.
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PMID:Bone marrow leukemic progenitor cell content in pediatric T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with an isolated extramedullary first relapse. 1142 49


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