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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of acidic and basic [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides derived from primary cultures of human retinal-pigment epithelial cells revealed about 850 proteins. By co-electrophoresis with highly purified, evolutionally conserved proteins, alpha-actinin, calmodulin, cytosol retinal-binding protein, alpha- and beta-tubulin, and vinculin (mass: 130 000 Da) were tentatively identified in the fluorograms. Quantification of greater than 100 of the excised radioactive spots by liquid scintillation counting revealed an estimated overall gel/gel and donor/donor variation of 40% (SEM, 21%), the latter for data on three to four donors 57 to 81 years old. Therefore, for a difference from normal to be significant (p less than or equal to 0.01), it would, on average, have to exceed 88% of the control mean for that protein. Putative glycoproteins were independently radiolabeled, with tritiated sugars as precursors. Glucosamine was incorporated most rapidly and with the highest specific activity. It labeled about 170 polypeptides. Fucose and N-acetylmannosamine, respectively, labeled 74 and 27 polypeptides. The glycoprotein label was maximal in about 16 very acidic proteins with apparent molecular masses between 50 000 and 150 000 Da. Parallel use of both a sugar and an amino acid label facilitates identification of proteins in two-dimensional gels.
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PMID:Two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins from cultured human retinal-pigment epithelial cells: internal references, cataloging, and glycoproteins. 649 66

Neurofilaments (NF) and tubulin are highly phosphorylated proteins that are important in neuronal structure and function. Changes in phosphorylation alter their antigenicity, and previous studies examining the effect of ischemia on these proteins failed to consider this factor. Using phosphate-independent antibodies and a quantitative immunoassay, we examined whether the amount of NF 68-kD (NF 68), NF 160-kD (NF 160), NF 200-kD (NF 200) and class III beta-tubulin proteins in the brain are reduced after cerebral injury. Rabbits were subjected to 8 min of hypoxia and then to 8 min of ischemia. After 4 h of reperfusion, NF 68 decreased from an overall group mean (+/- SEM) of 17.5+/-2.3 ng NF 68 microg/total protein in the noninjured controls (n = 8) to 12.9+/-1.2 ng/microg total protein in the hypoxic-ischemic group (n = 9). Conversely, NF 200 increased from 31.6+/-3.3 ng/microg in controls to 47.7+/-3.2 ng/microg. The amount of NF 160 and beta-tubulin was unchanged. The response of the NF proteins to brain injury is more complicated than described previously. Additional studies examining the regulation and metabolism of the NF are warranted, especially regarding the role of phosphorylation.
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PMID:Changes in brain neurofilament and beta-tubulin proteins after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in rabbits. 1085 30

When examined using SEM, Chinese samples of Tuber indicum and T. sinense displayed the same ascospore ornamentation as that of T. pseudohimalayense, T. indicum, collected in India by Duthie in 1899, and samples renamed T. himalayense in 1988. The different authors who named the four taxa (T. indicum, T. himalayense, T. sinense, T. pseudohimalyense) described differences in the surface of the peridium which could be considered as usual variations within a single species. We consider T. indicum, T. himalayense, T. sinense and T. pseudohimalayense as one species, T. indicum. Within this T. indicum complex, according to ITS and beta-tubulin sequences, there are two groups in China, which could be considered as geographical ecotypes. This study is the first to identify a genetic and phylogeographical structure within the Chinese Tuber species.
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PMID:Phylogenetic and populational study of the Tuber indicum complex. 1693 Sep 73

The swimming larvae of most solitary ascidians belonging to the Ascidiidae family bear three anterior, simple conic adhesive papillae. They secrete adhesive substances that are used to effect transitory settlement at the beginning of the metamorphosis.The adhesive papillae of newly hatched Phallusia mamillata larvae examined by the SEM are covered by the tunic. When the larvae are about to settle, the tunic becomes fenestrated over the central part of the papilla and bulb-ended microvilli protrude through the holes. These papillae have two types of elongated cells: many peripheral cells and few larger central cells with microvilli and bundles of microtubules oriented along the major axis of the cells.We have done immunofluorescence experiments with an anti-beta-tubulin monoclonal antibody (clone 2-28-33) reacting with axonal microtubules. Only the central cells of the papillae were stained and the axons appeared to arise from the proximal ends of these cells. These axons form a long nerve that reaches the brain vesicle. Branches of the same nerve appear to connect to the basal ends of the peripheral cells. By confocal laser microscopy we were able to follow the course of the papillary nerve. The two nerves connecting the dorsal papillae fuse together into a single nerve that runs posteriorly. The nerve connecting the ventral papilla runs posteriorly for a long tract before fusing with the nerve of the dorsal papillae just near the brain.The reported observations raise the hypothesis that the central cells of the adhesive papillae might be primary sensory neurons and that they may have chemosensory function.
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PMID:Adhesive Papillae of Phallusia mamillata Larvae: Morphology and Innervation. 1846

The morphological and molecular features of Penicillium roqueforti and P. paneum isolated from baled grass silage were characterised. A total of 315 isolates were investigated, comprising 237 P. roqueforti and 78 P. paneum isolates randomly selected from more than 900 Penicillium colonies cultured from bales. The macromorphological features of both species broadly agreed with the literature, but the micromorphological features differed in some respects. When observed using SEM, P. roqueforti and P. paneum had finely roughened conidia, and conidiophores, phialides and conidia of P. paneum were each larger than those of P. roqueforti. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of beta-tubulin and acetyl co-enzyme A (CoA) synthetase genes, P. roqueforti and P. paneum isolates were found to be monophyletic species.
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PMID:Morphological and molecular characterisation of Penicillium roqueforti and P. paneum isolated from baled grass silage. 1855 90