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A novel analog of dynorphin (1-13), D-Ala2,F5Phe4-dynorphin amide, was prepared and its pharmacological spectrum of activity was investigated. In a hot plate test on Swiss Webster and C57Bl mice, a 20 micrograms intracerebroventricular (icv) dose of the analog produced analgesia, which was greater in potency and duration than the parent dynorphin. This action of D-Ala2,F5Phe4-dynorphin amide was antagonized by the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg ip), administered either before or after the peptide. In addition to its analgesic action in mice, D-Ala2,F5Phe4-dynorphin amide produced a Straub tail and a catatonic-like state, both of which were also attenuated by naloxone. On the electrically-stimulated mouse vas deferens preparation, in vitro, D-Ala2,F5Phe4-dynorphin amide inhibited contractile activity and had an IC50 of 108.2 +/- 34.7 nM (SEM), about 4-fold weaker than that of dynorphin. This action was also attenuated by naloxone. An icv dose of 150 micrograms of D-Ala2,F5Phe4-dynorphin amide in mice, and a cumulative series of icv doses up to 2600 micrograms in anesthetized rats, failed to produce a lethal effect. No pathological changes were observed in mouse liver and kidney at 24 h after a 50 mg/kg dose of the peptide analog. In rats anesthetized with diallylbarbital (70 mg/kg ip) and urethane (280 mg/kg ip), D-Ala2,F5Phe4-dynorphin amide did not modify blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate. However, when mice were injected peripherally with single doses of D-Ala2,F5Phe4-dynorphin amide, convulsive episodes were produced, and lethal effects were observed with an LD50 of 60.0 mg/kg (95% confidence limits: 49.7-70.2 mg/kg) at 48 h. This action of D-Ala2,F5Phe4-dynorphin amide was not attenuated by naloxone (2.0 mg/kg, ip). Although analgesic and behavioral effects of D-Ala2,F5Phe4-dynorphin amide (e.g. Straub tail and catatonic-like state) are opiate-like, the lethal effect may be the consequence of actions of the peptide on non-opiate systems, Thus, the novel fluorinated dynorphin analog, D-Ala2,F5Phe4-dynorphin amide, may be a useful chemical tool for the study of opiate systems and their occasionally unanticipated biological or toxic actions.
Pol J Pharmacol Pharm
PMID:D-Ala2,F5Phe4-dynorphin amide, an opiate with analgesic and toxic properties. 135 36

Concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was studied in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), its association with ventricular arrhythmias (VA), left ventricular dysfunction and infarct size. Plasma ANP concentrations were measured at time: 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 hours after admission in 11 patients (pts) with first AMI, up to 6 hours after the first symptoms. Ventricular arrhythmia was assessed by 24 hour Holter monitoring, left ventricular dysfunction by echocardiography and infarct size by serial CK-MB measurement in first 72 hours of AMI. In subsequent measurements the average plasma concentration of ANP (mean +/- SEM) was elevated: 42.2 +/- 9.9, 35.3 +/- 12.5, 33.9 +/- 8.3, 42.3 +/- 8.3, 36.9 +/- 6.4, 60.7 +/- 9.3, 47.8 +/- 12.0 fmol/ml. The maximal plasma ANP concentration was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in 4 pts with VA 4th grade acc. to Lown than in 7 pts without VA (102.6 +/- 17.9 vs 41.1 +/- 6.4). The maximal level of ANP--153.3 fmol/ml in a patient with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia was observed. There were no significant correlations between plasma ANP and infarct size, size of left atrium and contractility disturbances of left ventricle.
Pol Arch Med Wewn 1991 Nov
PMID:[Atrial natriuretic peptide level in acute myocardial infarction]. 184 Mar 30

Thyroid function parameters (triiodothyronine, thyroxine, reverse triiodothyronine, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroglobulin) and thyroid binding globulin (TBG) were determined in sera of 64 women who had carried a normal pregnancy and delivered at term, as well as in sera of their newborns. Obtained results were compared to the findings of the same parameters in 28 women who delivered at term, but had been receiving gestanges 1 to 5 months prior to the delivery, and in their babies. In both groups, serum triiodothyronine (T3) levels were normal both in mothers and in their babies. Foetal serum reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) levels were higher (1.58 +/- 0.14, means +/- SEM) as compared to serum levels (0.36 +/- 0.04) of the mothers treated with gestagens; similar results were obtained in the mothers with normal pregnancy (0.41 +/- 0.03) and their babies (1.65 +/- 0.15, means +/- SEM). In 13 out of 64 (20%) women with normal pregnancy serum thyroxine (T4) was elevated in delivery at term, with no impact on the clinical course. Of 28 women who were treated with gestagens for 1 to 5 months only 4 had elevated serum T4 on the delivery. Using gestagens, according to our results, contributes to an increase of the newborn TBG levels (27.00 +/- 2.65; means +/- SEM) in a significant way (p less than 1.001) as compared to TBG of the newborn delivered after a normal pregnancy (21.40 +/- 2.55).
Mater Med Pol
PMID:Some extrathyroid regulatory mechanisms' aspects in thyroid humoral state at the delivery. 213 26

Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentration in sows colostrum has been previously proven to be much higher than that in blood. The experiment was carried out to show the influence of endogenous and added insulin in sows colostrum on insulinaemia and glycaemia of newborn piglets. In colostrum collected from 3 control and 5 experimental sows before loading, basal insulin concentration were 1.595 and 1.365 nM-1, respectively, and calculated for all 8 sows together were 1.451 nM-1 (SEM +/- 0.289). Basal plasma insulin concentrations calculated for 68 healthy piglets before sucking were little differentiated (mean 0.318 +/- 0.044 nM l-1), whereas glucose initial concentrations for those piglets (mean 3.581 +/- 0.275 nM l-1) were highly differentiated. Intramuscular loading of 5 experimental sows with insulin (80 I.U. per animal) caused an increase in the concentration of insulin in colostrum from 1.365 to 3.449 nM l-1 (0.01, P less than 0.02). The mean insulin level (0.313 +/- 0.04 nM l-1) in experimental piglets blood plasma (n = 42) increased significantly to 1.234 +/- 0.07 (P less than 0.001) after suckling by sows loaded with exogenous insulin. Glycaemic response of those two piglets litters was poor but showed a statistically significant increase (P less than 0.001). The glucose concentrations in blood plasma samples of the other three litters did not changes after sucking. The experiment excluded the hypothesis that high level of insulin in colostrum could be the cause of hypoglycaemia in healthy piglets after sucking.
Acta Physiol Pol
PMID:Insulin and glucose concentration changes in newborn piglets after suckling the colostrum from insulin administered sows. 213 10

Oxytocin concentration in the peripheral blood was measured by RIA during suckling period in lactating sows (n = 8). Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein around the clock for every 2 h on day 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and on day 35 of lactation. Besides that blood samples were collected more frequently during suckling periods. Oxytocin plasma concentration was very low and in most cases it was on a border of sensitivity of our method (3 pg/ml). Marked but short-lasting rise of oxytocin was observed only during a period of initial massage of the udders by the piglets. This rise observed in all studied pigs was higher (p less than 0.01) compared to the values before the massage on the onset of lactation only, and was 14.6 +/- 4.2 pg/ml and 6.4 +/- 1.2 pg/ml on day 5 and day 10 of lactation, respectively. In all other studied days in a few cases only suckling stimulated the release of oxytocin over its basic concentration. Mean values (+/- SEM) of oxytocin in blood samples collected during massage of udder on day 15, 20, 25, 30 and day 35 were 3.7 +/- 0.5, 4.2 +/- 0.8, 4.9 +/- 1.1, 3.2 +/- 0.4 and 3.0 +/- 0.6 pg/ml plasma, respectively. There was no relationship between the size of the litters and neither basic level of oxytocin nor its blood concentration during suckling (r = 0.13).
Acta Physiol Pol
PMID:Oxytocin plasma level in the lactating sows--effect of suckling. 260 41

In the subjects being prepared to neurosurgical treatment an i.v. injection of NaHCO3 (2 mEq/kg) elicited a significant increase in PCSFO2 from 69 +/- 6.4 (SEM) Torr to 75.5 +/- 3.9 (SEM) Torr. This change ws accompanied by a significant drop of PaO2 from 150.5 +/- 6.0 Torr to 138.0 +/- 5.8 Torr. Metabolic alkalosis (pH 7.54 +/- 0.02 SEM) elicited by bicarbonate administration was accompanied by arterial blood hyperoxia. Both these factors reduce the cerebral flow (CBF). We suppose that changes in the blood--CSF oxygen relationship reflect the presence of a mechanism which might protect the CNS against a decrease in CBF.
Acta Physiol Pol
PMID:Decrease of oxygen difference between arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous injection of sodium bicarbonate in hyperoxic patients, anaesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. 627 42

The aim of the study was to evaluate the protease and antiprotease activity in the fluid obtained from the culture of cells isolated from the lungs of animals with experimental emphysema. An attempt was made to correlate the results of biochemical examinations with adherence degree and ultrastructural changes of the surface of BAL-isolated cells. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats, of 180-220 g b.w. Two i.p. injections of BCG-vaccine (4 x 10(8) microorganisms) on the 1st and 14th day were applied as macrophage mobilizing and activating agent. Papain (2 mg/l ml/100 g b.w.) was given once i.t. on the 21st day. The animals were sacrificed on the 28th day of the experiment. We found a correlation between the increase in the cell adherence and ultrastructural changes (in SEM), suggesting an increased activity of the cells isolated from BCG-treated rats. In the culture medium of cells isolated from the rats which were given BCG or papain and BCG+papain we observed an increased base protease activity and decreased Cathepsin D activity comparing with the control group. Increased antitrypsin activity in the BCG and BCG+papain-treated rats and decreased antitrypsin activity in papain-treated rats only was observed, too. There was no obvious difference in the levels of the antiplasmin and antichymotrypsin activities between the groups. The present results indicate that activated pulmonary macrophages are one of the sources of the protease-antiprotease intraalveolar imbalance. However, an increased production of proteolytic enzymes may not be the only factor responsible for the progression of lung emphysema in BCG-treated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pol J Pathol 1995
PMID:Comparison of morphological and biochemical changes of BAL-isolated cells in experimental lung emphysema. 749 38

Quantitative and morphological analyses (in SEM) of blood platelets collected from the left and right ventricles of the rat heart in the course of experimental lung emphysema were done. Platelet aggregation index was estimated, too. Emphysema was induced by a single intratracheal instillation of papain solution in a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w/1 ml PBS. The animals were sacrificed after 2 and 24 hours and 7, 14, 28 days later. Within 24 hours of the experiment a slight decrease was observed in the number of platelets in the blood collected from the left ventricle compared to the right one as well as to control animals. Also a reduction in platelet aggregation coefficient value was noted. However, in the later period of emphysema progression (after 7th day), a statistically significant increase was found in the number of blood platelets in the left ventricle. A relation was noted between quantitative changes of blood platelets and emphysema progression evaluated morphometrically. The ultrastructural examinations in SEM suggest the occurrence of platelet satellitosis in animals intratracheally injected with papain solution. The present results indicate the possibility of a significant contribution of blood platelets to the pathogenesis of experimental lung emphysema.
Pol J Pathol 1994
PMID:Blood platelets in experimental lung emphysema. Comparative analysis of the number and aggregation abilities of platelets in left and right ventricular blood of the heart. 769 33

Two groups of subjects were studied. The group A consisted of 40 patients treated by HD (haemodialysis) (mean age--x +/- SEM 38.6 +/- 1.47 years, duration of haemodialysis treatment 36.8 +/- 3.7 months, cuprophan dialyzers and acetate containing solution--38 mEg/l--were used, time of HD--4 hours 3 times weekly, predialysis serum creatinine was 900.8 +/- 32.1 mumol/l (10.2 +/- 0.4 mg%) postdialysis serum creatinine was 467.8 +/- 28.3 mumol/l (5.3 +/- 0.3 mg%). Patients were not treated with erythropoietin. The control group comprised 20 healthy subjects (mean age 36.7 +/- 2.7 years and serum creatinine level 76.7 +/- 3.5 mumol/l (0.9 +/- 0.1 mg%). In all examined subjects the following experimental protocol was used. In both group blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were determined at about 8 a.m. after an overnight rest. Then blood samples were withdrawn for estimation of ANP, endothelin, haematocrit value (Ht), haemoglobin (Hb) and creatinine concentrations. Between 8 and 12 a.m. all examined subjects of the group A were dialysed. After each hour of dialysis BP and HR were measured and blood samples were withdrawn ANP (Peninsula Lab.Kids.) and endothelin (Amersham Kids) were measured using RIA methods, but other biochemical parameters using routine methods. Serum creatinine and plasma ANP levels significantly decreased after HD. Plasma endothelin level was significantly higher than in the control subjects. After first hour of HD a significant decrease of plasma endothelin was observed and than plasma endothelin level started to increase. No significant correalations between creatinine, ANP and endothelin levels in examined group was observed.
Pol Arch Med Wewn 1993 Nov
PMID:[Levels of endothelin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis]. 814 34

Mineralogical investigations were performed on specimens from the aneurysmatic wall of ascending and descending thoracic and abdominal aortas collected intraoperatively from 10 patients (8 male, 2 female) aged 40-80 years. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analyses (microprobe-SEM/EDXA), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) showed incipient mineral and cholesterol depositions in the tissues of the patients when compared with the normal aorta of the young individual. Grains and crystals of cholesterol, and spherulitic mineralization, probably apatitic, were detected. It is suggested that localized cations imbalance precedes mineralization and is the potential co-factor of aortic wall pathology and aneurysm formation.
Pol J Pathol 1996
PMID:Mineral-cholesterol concentrations of the aortic aneurysmatic wall. 909 16


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