Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alterations in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic-associated microangiopathy. Consequently, the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy and urinary GAG distribution was assessed in 96 IDDM patients in comparison to 103 healthy controls. GAG concentration in 24h urine samples was determined by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride and potassium acetate in ethanol followed by a colorimetric test with carbazole. A marked difference (P = 0.0008) in urinary GAG excretion between patients (24.3 +/- 1.5 mg/24 h, mean +/- SEM) and controls (16.2 +/- 0.75 mg/24 h) could be detected. In patients with IDDM of longer duration, GAG excretion was increased (< or = 10 yr: 20.8 +/- 2.1 vs > 10 yr: 27.4 +/- 2.1 mg/24 h; P = 0.03). Furthermore, IDDM patients with class 4 nephropathy and retinopathy exhibited a markedly higher GAG excretion compared to those without nephropathy (33.1 +/- 3.0 vs 22.6 +/- 1.7 mg/24 h, P = 0.005) or retinopathy (29.7 +/- 2.8 vs 21.2 +/- 1.7 mg/24 h, P = 0.009). An increased urinary GAG concentration was detected in IDDM patients with albuminuria (> 300 mg/24 h: 29.9 +/- 3.3 vs < 30 mg/24 h: 23.0 +/- 1.7 mg/24 h; P = 0.048), proteinuria (> 0.5 g/24 h: 30.3 +/- 3.7 vs < 0.05 g/24 h: 22.7 +/- 1.6 mg/24 h) and in patients with augmented serum creatinine in comparison to those with normal values (> 0.12 mg/L: 34.9 +/- 2.3 vs < 0.12 mg/L: 22.4 +/- 1.6 mg/24 h; P = 0.01). The results demonstrate a close relationship renal GAG excretion and the presence of microangiopathy in IDDM patients.
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PMID:Diabetic microangiopathy and urinary glycosaminoglycans. 922 10

In a prospective study we have measured serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), androgens, oestrogens and gonadotropins in 20 male IDDM patients with the aim of evaluating the effect of improved glycaemic control on these levels and to compare the IDDM patients with an age- and weight-matched healthy non-diabetic control group. The patients were chosen from the male IDDM patients attending the outpatient clinic at the Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital. Glycaemic control was optimized by a trained diabetologist according to the patients' measurements of home blood glucose concentrations and reported hypoglycaemic episodes during a three month period. Prior to regulation the patients, compared to healthy control subjects, had significantly higher serum levels of oestrone (0.29 +/- 0.02 vs 0.16 +/- 0.01 nmol/l (Mean +/- SEM), p < 0.01), 17 beta-oestradiol (0.12 +/- 0.01 vs 0.08 +/- 0.01 nmol/l, p < 0.01), dihydrotestosterone (4.20 +/- 0.18 vs 1.66 +/- 0.09 nmol/l, p < 0.01), total testosterone (20.7 +/- 0.9 vs 17.8 +/- 1.1 nmol/l, p < 0.05) and SHBG (42.3 +/- 2.9 vs 15.5 +/- 3.5 nmol/l, p < 0.05), while the calculated free-testosterone was lower (0.34 +/- 0.02 vs 0.40 +/- 0.02 nmol/l, p = 0.068). After regulation, the patients obtained significantly lower levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (10.4 +/- 0.3 vs 8.9 +/- 0.2%, p < 0.005) and serum fructosamine (1.50 +/- 0.05 vs 1.34 +/- 0.04 nmol/l, p < 0.005) on a higher 24 hour insulin dose (52.7 +/- 4.4 vs 59.2 +/- 4.6 IU/24 h, p < 0.005). Levels of free-testosterone (0.41 +/- 0.04 nmol/l), oestrone (0.33 +/- 0.03 nmol/l), oestradiol (0.14 +/- 0.01 nmol/l), delta 4-androstenedione (4.44 +/- 0.43 vs 3.85 +/- 0.42 nmol/l), and prolactin (249 +/- 24 vs 200 +/- 19 mIU/l) increased compared to values obtained before regulation (all p < 0.05). We conclude that SHBG, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestrogen levels are increased in male IDDM patients. High SHBG levels tend to keep the free fractions of sex hormones within normal limits. During improvement of glycaemic control with insulin, levels of free-testosterone and its bioprecursors and metabolites rise. This may partly be due to the increased daily insulin dose and/or to the improvement in glycaemic control itself.
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PMID:Elevated levels of sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin in male patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Effect of improved blood glucose regulation. 940 41

To investigate whether recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I) has direct effects on the insulin requirement to maintain euglycemia independent of the growth hormone (GH) level, nine subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ([IDDM] seven females; median (range) age, duration of diabetes, and hemoglobin A1C [HbA1C], 16.9 (12.5 to 21.9) years, 11.8 (4.6 to 16.8) years, and 9.8% (7.9% to 14.1%), respectively) underwent two euglycemic studies (6:00 PM to 8:00 AM) after double-blind subcutaneous administration of rhIGF-I/placebo (40 microg/kg). Octreotide infusion (300 ng/kg/h) suppressed endogenous GH, and three identical discrete GH pulses were infused on both nights. Variable-rate insulin infusion maintained euglycemia. Samples were taken every 15 minutes (glucose and GH), 30 minutes (insulin and intermediate metabolites), and 60 minutes (IGF-I and nonesterified fatty acids [NEFA]). Variables were analyzed during the steady-state period of euglycemia (4:00 to 8:00 AM). Data are expressed as the mean +/- SEM. The insulin infusion rate and free-insulin level were both significantly reduced after rhIGF-I administration (0.13 +/- 0.03 v placebo 0.23 +/- 0.05 mU/kg/min, P = .04, and 8.4 +/- 1.3 v placebo 12.1 +/- 1.4 mU/L, P = .03, respectively). GH pulse-related changes in the insulin requirement observed after placebo were not present after rhIGF-I. Glucagon levels were equally suppressed on both nights. Insulin clearance was not altered after rhIGF-I administration. NEFA and ketone levels also were not different on the 2 nights. In conclusion, in adolescents and young adults with diabetes, rhIGF-I administration directly affected insulin requirements independent of GH levels, but had no effect on fatty acid or ketone levels. This difference is related to the abolition of changes in the insulin requirement after GH pulses, and would suggest a complex interaction between GH and IGF-I on insulin action.
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PMID:Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I abolishes changes in insulin requirements consequent upon growth hormone pulsatility in young adults with type I diabetes mellitus. 944 Apr 74


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