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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of concurrent administration of albumin with total parenteral nutrition were studied in 12 premature newborns (birth weight 1.26 +/- 0.1 kg [mean +/- SEM] and gestational age 30 +/- 0.8 weeks [mean +/- SEM]) compared with a control group of 12 premature newborns (birth weight 1.17 +/- 0.2 kg and gestational age 29 +/- 0.1 weeks) who received total parenteral nutrition. All newborns had a plasma albumin level below 3 g/dL and were in cardiorespiratory distress requiring assisted ventilation. Albumin supplementation of total parenteral nutrition resulted in a sustained increase in serum albumin concentration as well as increased mean arterial blood pressures in the study group. Slow albumin infusion had no observed effect on the severity of respiratory distress. Study group infants regained birth weight earlier than control group infants. These data suggest that the concurrent administration of albumin may be clinically beneficial in critically ill newborn infants.
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PMID:Concurrent administration of albumin with total parenteral nutrition in sick newborn infants. 173 19

Over a 3-year period, 156 of 815 patients admitted to a single institution with acute pancreatitis received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 2,572 patient days. Seventy had "simple" acute pancreatitis (group I) and 86 (group II) developed local complex disease (pseudocyst, abscess, or necrotic gland). In groups I and II, respectively, days without oral intake (NPO) were 13.6 +/- 1.5 (SEM) and 24.0 +/- 2.1 (p less than 0.005), hospital days were 19.8 +/- 1.7 and 35.8 +/- 3.2 (p less than 0.005), and duration of TPN was 10.9 +/- 1.0 and 21.0 +/- 2.3 days (p less than 0.005). Thirty-three patients in group I and 53 in group II required exogenous insulin. Alteration of standard formulas was necessary in 87 patients, but cessation of therapy was necessary in only one instance. Twenty catheters were removed for suspected sepsis with only 3 confirmed cases. Fat-based formulas were well tolerated in 15% of patients. During TPN, body weight rose from 95.0 +/- 2.4% to 97.4 +/- 4.3% of ideal in group I and remained at 90.5 +/- 1.8% in group II. Albumin rose from 3.36 +/- 0.10 to 3.50 +/- 0.08 g/dl in group I and from 3.01 +/- 0.07 to 3.35 +/- 0.07 g/dl in group II. The entire cohort differed from 10 randomly chosen patients who did not receive TPN in terms of days NPO (2.8 +/- 0.3) and hospital days (5.5 +/- 0.6). Variables associated with prolongation of hospital stay and time NPO were number of prognostic criteria, local complex disease, and underlying chronic pancreatitis only in select groups. We conclude that during acute pancreatitis, TPN can be administered safely but with careful monitoring and we recommend early aggressive therapy in the subgroups noted above and when underlying malnutrition exists. In the borderline patient, TPN may be administered by peripheral vein until the severity of disease is manifest.
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition during acute pancreatitis: clinical experience with 156 patients. 212 3

Mild hypercalcaemia associated with primary hyperparathyroidism has been increasingly recognized with the use of automated biochemical screening. Management is often difficult as symptoms are often absent or non-specific. Accordingly, we employed the hypocalcaemic effect of the diphosphonate APD to assess the effect of an acute fall in plasma calcium on indices of general well being, blood pressure, and vasoactive hormones in patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism. Ten patients were studied in a randomized single blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study, using 30 mg APD intravenously or control saline infusion, over 2 h. Metabolic measurements, formal tests of muscle strength and cognitive function, and a standardized questionnaire were assessed 7 days after infusions. Albumin corrected plasma calcium was significantly lower (mean 2.49 +/- 0.04 SEM mmol/l) after APD when compared to control values (2.70 +/- 0.06 mmol/l, P less than 0.001). Twenty-four-hour urinary calcium, plasma magnesium and absolute monocyte count decreased significantly, whereas plasma parathyroid hormone increased after APD (P less than 0.05). There was no significant change in hypercalcaemic symptoms, muscle strength or cognitive function, and blood pressure, renin, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide did not change. Side-effects, when they occurred, were mild. It is concluded that APD is a safe and effective means of lowering plasma calcium in mild primary hyperparathyroidism, but these acute reductions are associated with little or no improvement in clinical status in these patients.
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PMID:Aminopropylidine diphosphonate (APD) in mild primary hyperparathyroidism: effect on clinical status. 218 63

A process was developed to coat complex medical devices with a thin, transparent, biocompatible film. The film is based on silicone rubber (SR) but has higher albumin affinity than SR. Two polymer forms have been developed: one substitutes hydroxyl groups (OH), the other, 16 carbon acyl groups (C16) in the siloxane side chains. Oxymercuration/demercuration or hydroboration reactions can be used. SEM reveals film surfaces are smooth, uniform, and featureless. ATR/FTIR spectra and advancing/receding water contact angle measurements confirm the presence of surface OH groups and suggest the presence of surface acyl groups. Albumin adsorption and retention are markedly enhanced for surface OH and C16 concentrations as low as 5% reaction yield. Kinetics, isotherm, and competitive albumin/fibrinogen adsorption studies suggest that surface hydroxylation, and perhaps C16 acylation as well, markedly improve the albumin affinity, but not the fibrinogen affinity, of this material. The SR film can be durably coated on several materials, making it possible to favorably treat many blood-contacting devices, using a simple immersion process.
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PMID:Biocompatible coatings with high albumin affinity. 225 85

This study developed a new technique to quantitate platelets adhered on biomaterials surfaces in vitro, based on a surface phased radioimmunoassay using a monoclonal antibody SZ-21, directed specifically against the membrane glycoprotein complex IIIa of human platelets. In vitro perfusion is performed in system which consists of testing tubes and infusion pump. After 5 minutes perfusion with fresh ACD anticoagulated human whole blood at 2,000s-1 platelets deposition on surface precoated with proteins determined using anti-human platelet antibody (125 I-SZ-21) are 4,173 +/- 932 (Albumin), 59,032 +/- 25,554 (Fibrinogen), and 71,253 +/- 11,484 (Collagen). Meanwhile, platelets adhered on surfaces of four polymers were determined (platelet/mm2): 19,493 +/- 2,050 (Silicone), 48,193 +/- 4,055 (Polytetrafluoroethylene), 50,375 +/- 8,675 (Polyvinyl chloride) and 101,906 +/- 5,916 (Polyethylene). These results were confirmed by SEM. This method is not only applied for evaluating rapidly and reliably blood compatibility of biomaterials in vitro, but will be used at basic study for interaction of blood materials.
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PMID:New method to quantitate platelets adhered on biomaterials using monoclonal antibodies to human platelet membrane glycoprotein SZ-21. 238 68

Amiodarone (ADR), a new antiarrhythmic drug for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, causes pneumonitis or lung fibrosis in a sizeable minority of patients. The cause of lung damage is not known. We have shown that infusion of 10 mg amiodarone into the inflow circuit of ventilated and perfused rabbit lungs causes immediate increase in pulmonary artery pressure (mean +/- SEM) (from 13.6 +/- 1.2 to 40.6 +/- 9.5 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and pulmonary edema with marked increase in the pulmonary generation of thromboxane and leukotrienes C4 and/or D4. Albumin (2 g%) in the perfusate prevents any increase in lung perfusion pressure or edema formation. When lung perfusion pressure increase is blocked with the combined cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor enolicam sodium (CG5391B, 35 microM in perfusate), significant lung edema still occurs after amiodarone, indicating that amiodarone causes increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability. Addition of catalase (100 U/ml) or superoxide dismutase and catalase (100 U/ml each) to perfusate fails to protect from amiodarone lung injury. Immediate infusion of amiodarone (10 mg) into lungs ventilated with room air (ADR + RA) causes an increase in lung weight gain from baseline (delta W) of 5.7 +/- 1.5 g/min. Compared with ADR + RA, ventilation of lungs with 4% O2 (delta W = 0.7 +/- 0.3 g/min, p less than 0.05), pretreatment of rabbits for 3 days with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, 100 mg/kg/day i.p., delta W = 0.05 +/- 0.02 g/min, p less than 0.01), pretreatment of rabbits for 3 days with vitamin E (Vit E, 300 U/day orally, delta W = 0.6 +/- 0.2 g/min, p less than 0.05), or addition of N-acetylcysteine to the lung perfusate (NAC, 5 mM, delta W = 0.1 +/- 0.08 g/min, p less than 0.01) all protect from lung edema formation after amiodarone. Amiodarone (100 mg) also caused a marked increase in luminol-enhanced lung chemiluminescence, lung production of superoxide anion (O2-), and tissue levels of lung glutathione disulfide. These results suggest that amiodarone causes lung injury by an oxidant mechanism.
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PMID:Amiodarone causes acute oxidant lung injury in ventilated and perfused rabbit lungs. 245 31

Damaged arterial surfaces initiate platelet accumulation which leads to thrombus formation. On artificial surfaces, albumin pretreatment inhibits platelet deposition. To investigate albumin pretreatment on damaged vessel surfaces, 16 carotid arteries were obtained from 8 anesthetized dogs (11-15 kg). Each artery was divided into 2 segments. Each segment was mounted in a perfusion system, distended to 100 mmHg, and the middle section damaged. One segment was perfused with Tyrodes solution plus bovine albumin (5 g/100 ml), while the other segment was perfused only with Tyrodes solution. After 120 mins, both segments were perfused with whole citrated blood containing Indium-111 labeled platelets. Without albumin pretreatment, the proximal section contained 11 +/- 8 (X +/- SEM) percent of total blood radioactivity, while the damaged section contained 53 +/- 11 percent (p less than 0.01). Albumin pretreatment significantly reduced platelet deposition in the damaged section (53 +/- 11 versus 9 +/- 6 percent, p less than 0.01). Further, with albumin pretreatment the radioactive counts in the damaged section were not significantly different from the nondamaged proximal section (9 +/- 6 vs 8 +/- 7 percent, p greater than .8). Quantitative examination of the scanning electron micrographs demonstrated significantly more platelet and red blood cell coverage of the damaged segments (60 +/- 12.8 percent) than of the albumin treated segments (12.9 +/- 5 percent). In four additional experiments, we pretreated arterial segments with albumin for varying time intervals. After 15, 30 and 60 mins of albumin pretreatment, each artery was perfused with radiolabeled platelets and whole blood for 5 mins at 100 mmHg perfusion pressure. Radioactive evidence of platelet deposition on arterial segments treated with albumin for 15, 30, and 60 minutes was also significantly less than control (p less than .05). Beneficial effects of albumin were apparent up to 30 mins of blood flow at 100 mm Hg. Our results suggest that albumin may inhibit platelet and red blood cell deposition on damaged arteries. This could be an adjunct therapy for vessel preservation during artery bypass procedures.
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PMID:Inhibition of platelet and red blood cell accumulation on damaged arterial surfaces with albumin pretreatment. 261 68

Mucous secretion and mucosal permeability by the larynx and trachea, isolated in situ, was investigated in normal rats and in those in which 'chronic bronchitis' was induced by daily exposure to cigarette smoke for 2 weeks. Fucose was used as a specific marker for the secretion of mucus glycoprotein, and hexose and protein were markers both for mucus and plasma-type glycoproteins present in tissue fluid transudate. Albumin was used as an indicator of the contribution of serum to the secretions. After equilibration, the mean basal secretion of fucose (microgram/30 min collection) was significantly higher in 'bronchitic' rats than in the controls (P less than 0.01). Mean values for controls were: fucose 3 (SEM 1: n = 9), hexose 41 (SEM 9; n = 8), protein 1082 (SEM 385; n = 8), albumin less than 2 (n = 8); for 'bronchitic' rats the values were: 24 (SEM 6; n = 7), 101 (SEM 26; n = 8), 2000 (SEM 520; n = 8) and less than 2 micrograms (n = 7) respectively. In control and bronchitic animals acute administrations of cigarette smoke, blown directly through the laryngo-tracheal segment after equilibration, caused significant (P less than 0.05) transient increases in the secretion of fucose, hexose and protein, but not of albumin.
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PMID:Cigarette smoke-induced 'chronic bronchitis': a study in situ of laryngo-tracheal hypersecretion in the rat. 358 89

Factor VIII antigen (VIII:Ag) and vWF:Antigen (vWF:Ag) were measured in guinea-pigs treated with intraperitoneal turpentine to induce an acute phase reaction, and with BCG to stimulate the reticulo-endothelial system. In the turpentine treated animals there was a significant rise of fibrinogen at 24 and 48 hours after injection (1.43 +/- 0.01 g/l) when compared with controls (1.15 +/- 0.1 g/l), mean +/- SEM n = 3 p 0.01). There was no change in plasma VIII:Ag but a significant rise of vWF:Ag at (2.0 +/- .3 units/ml) when compared with controls (1.1 +/- 0.05 units/ml, mean +/- SEM n = 3 p less than 0.001). Examination of perfused guinea-pig organs showed a reduction in hepatic VIII:Ag (82%) and vWF:Ag (90%) and a 76% increase in splenic vWF:Ag only in the turpentine treated animals. Distribution of 125I Albumin to detect trapped blood in tissues demonstrated efficient clearance of blood by perfusion. There was no change in the plasma concentration of either VIII:Ag or vWF:Ag following BCG inoculation but there was a 45% increase in the splenic concentration of vWF:Ag. It is concluded that only the factor vWF:Ag and not the factor VIII:Ag component of the factor VIII complex is an acute phase reactant in guinea-pig and that this may be due to increased synthesis of vWF:Ag by vascular endothelium in the spleen. Although BCG inoculation may have stimulated synthesis or storage of vWF:Ag in the spleen it did not have an appreciable effect on the plasma concentration of either VIII:Ag or vWF:Ag.
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PMID:The effect of an acute phase reaction and BCG innoculation on factor VIII in the guinea-pig. 393 28

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a proximal tubule lysosomal enzyme, has been used as an indicator of subtle renal injury. Since it has been positively and significantly correlated with hemoglobin A1c and microalbuminuria, it has been suggested that this enzyme may also reflect metabolic control. Albumin excretion is exacerbated in adult diabetic individuals during exercise; such exercise-induced albuminuria may be a forerunner of diabetic nephropathy. Metabolic control, degree of exertion, and duration of diabetes have been suggested to influence this increase in albuminuria during exercise. Studies of children are few and have produced inconsistent results. Thus we studied 28 insulin-dependent diabetic children ranging in age from 5 yr to 16 yr and 27 age-matched controls using treadmill exercise; two exercise periods consisting of (1) graded increases in speed and grade at 3-min intervals until exhaustion and (2) a constant speed and grade necessary to produce 2/3-3/4 maximal heart rate for 30 min were performed. Capillary blood glucose, urinary NAG/creatinine (cr) ratios (UNAG/Ucr) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (Ualb/Ucr) were measured before and after each exercise period; hemoglobin A1c was also measured. The latter averaged 11.8 +/- 0.6% (mean +/- SEM); contrary to previous studies, this was not correlated with pre- or postexercise UNAG/Ucr. During both exercise periods, blood glucose dropped 271 +/- 19 mg/dl to 213 +/- 21 mg/dl (period 1) and 230 +/- 22 mg/dl to 157 +/- 21 mg/dl (period 2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of exercise on urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity and albumin excretion in children with type I diabetes mellitus. 405 33


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