Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the risk and time to cerebrovascular complications with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, we studied 119 patients (66 men and 53 women) with evidence of this disease based on strict echocardiographic criteria and followed them up for a mean +/- SEM of 6.5 +/- 0.6 years. Cerebral ischemic events occurred in 26 patients (22%), and in five patients stroke was the initial presenting event. Men had cardiac symptoms at a younger age than women, but there was no significant difference in age at the time of stroke. Cardioembolic cerebrovascular events were associated with atrial fibrillation and left atrial enlargement, whereas atheroembolic events were associated with hypertension. An increased risk of stroke was associated with female sex, mitral anulus calcification, hypertension, and atrioventricular conduction delay. Unlike most previous series, this study shows that patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis may present with stroke.
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PMID:Ischemic cerebrovascular complications and risk factors in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. 156 98

To study the effect of acute exercise on caloric intake in normal-weight young people, food intake was monitored in 10 men and 10 women during consecutive 5-d periods, one with and one without exercise. Food intake during the exercise period was compared with that during the control period. Caloric intake during the control period was 2467 +/- 165 kcal/d (means +/- SEM) for men and 1831 +/- 103 kcal/d for women. During the exercise period the men increased their caloric intake to 2658 +/- 188 kcal/d and the women's caloric intake remained unchanged, 1830 +/- 91 kcal/d. Caloric intake was not affected by sequence of treatment or duration of protocol. Men responded to 5 d of acute exercise with increased caloric intake (208 +/- 64 kcal/d), which was insufficient to compensate for the caloric cost of exercise (596 kcal/d above resting metabolic rate). Women did not change their caloric intake despite expending 382 kcals/d during exercise. Consequently, both normal-weight men and women were in negative caloric balance during the exercise period.
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PMID:The effect of exercise on food intake in men and women. 198 48

Elevated creatine kinase (CK) has frequently been described in patients on chronic dialysis, but little is known about its cause and distribution. We, therefore, measured CK in 105 patients on hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and compared it with biochemical, nutritional, and anthropometric data obtained at the same time. In the entire group, CK was 130.3 +/- (SEM) 15.0 IU/l. Thirty patients had elevated levels of enzyme (greater than 130 IU/l). Isoenzymes determined in patients with elevated CK levels were all more than 97% MM fraction. Men had significantly higher (p less than 0.001) CK values (166.0 +/- 25.8 IU/l) than women (82.4 +/- 9.0 IU/l). Blacks had higher CK values (158.8 +/- 21.7 IU/l; p less than 0.001) than whites (92.6 +/- 12.5 IU/l). Men and blacks had significantly higher weight and midarm muscle circumference than women and whites, respectively. A positive correlation was found between CK and lactic dehydrogenase (p less than 0.001) and between CK and midarm muscle circumference (p less than 0.05), and a negative correlation (p less than 0.01) was found with age. Predialysis and postdialysis CK was measured in 10 patients and did not rise. Three of the patients with elevated CK who have undergone successful renal transplantation showed normalization of CK levels. We conclude that CK is elevated in both hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients, particularly in men and blacks, that CK levels are probably related to muscle mass, and that CK declines with advancing age. Although blacks have higher CK values as a whole, normalization of CK values after renal transplantation suggests a contributory role of renal dysfunction.
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PMID:Determinants of serum creatine kinase activity in dialysis patients. 323 95

The pre and postoperative incidence of cholelithiasis were investigated in patients undergoing bariatric surgery at the University of Florida. The first part of the study was retrospective and revealed a pre and 24-month postoperative incidence of cholelithiasis of 30 and 40 percent respectively. Age and postoperative interval were not predictive of cholelithiasis. Patients with cholelithiasis had a significantly greater weight loss (130 +/- 61.0 lbs) than those without stones (109 +/- 59.9 lbs) P = 0.04. Men had a significantly greater weight loss than women (160 +/- 15 lbs SEM versus 99 +/- 7 lbs SEM) as well as a higher incidence of cholelithiasis (53 and 24%, respectively). In the second, prospective part of the study, cholecystectomy was performed in 73 consecutive patients concomitant with their bariatric procedure. Ninety six per cent of removed gallbladders had gross or histologic abnormalities including cholelithiasis in 27 per cent and cholesterolosis/cholecystitis in 69 per cent. The incidence of cholelithiasis was higher than that found in the retrospective series by preoperative ultrasound. The bariatric surgical patient is clearly at risk for the development of postoperative cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. The risk appears to be related to the amount of weight loss. In addition, some gallstones may remain undetected at the time of surgery. We therefore recommend prophylactic cholecystectomy at the time of bariatric surgery.
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PMID:The case for prophylactic cholecystectomy concomitant with gastric restriction for morbid obesity. 336 62

An epidemiological study was conducted in the market town of March, Cambridgeshire, to assess the quantitative importance of cooking and table salt to total dietary salt intake by the use of a fused mixture of lithium carbonate and sodium chloride. Men and women aged 20-60 participated in a 12 day study with sequential 24 h urine collections to assess salt sources over a 7 day period. Total salt consumption estimated from urinary chloride excretion amounted to 10.6 +/- 0.55 (SEM) g in 33 men and 7.4 +/- 0.29 (SEM) g in 50 women. The cooking salt eaten was only 0.45 +/- 0.09 (SEM) g in men and women, with men eating more table salt (0.77 g/day) than women (0.46 g/day). Discretionary sources, i.e. cooking and table salt use, contributed only 15% to the total intake. Salt from manufacturing foods and catering in purchased food therefore provided on average 85% of total salt intake. These results are consistent even when an allowance is made for the slightly poorer pouring quality of the lithium-tagged salt. The importance of food as a source of salt was reflected in the significant relationship between the weight of the individual and the amount of salt eaten (for males P less than 0.05 and for females P less than 0.001). Cooking salt consumption did not relate to the amount of salt derived from purchased food nor did table salt use relate to the amount of salt in cooked foods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An assessment of the sources of dietary salt in a British population. 380 26

To examine the hypothesis that the frequency of endogenous pulsatile LHRH stimulation controls the relative secretion of FSH and LH from the pituitary, we studied men with elevated FSH levels and normal LH levels to determine whether they have an altered frequency of pulsatile LHRH secretion compared to normal men. Because peripheral blood measurements of LHRH do not reflect the pulsatile characteristics of hypothalamic LHRH secretion, and it is generally accepted that the pulse frequency of LH secretion is an index of the frequency of endogenous LHRH pulsation, we used LH pulse frequency as the indicator of LHRH pulse frequency. Frequent blood sampling was performed to characterize LH pulse patterns in five men with selective elevations of FSH and seven age-matched normal men. Beginning at 0800-0930 h, blood samples were obtained every 10 min for 24 h through an indwelling iv catheter. Serum LH and FSH levels were measured by RIA in each sample, and the pattern of LH secretion was determined. Testosterone (T), estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and free T were measured in a pooled serum sample from each man. Men with selective elevations of FSH had fewer LH pulses per 24 h (mean +/- SEM, 10.6 +/- 0.5) than the control group (12.9 +/- 0.6; P less than 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in LH pulse amplitude (23 +/- 4 vs. 17 +/- 3 ng/ml). There were no statistically significant differences in T (4.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.1 +/- 0.5 ng/ml), estradiol (23 +/- 7 vs. 31 +/- 5 pg/ml), sex hormone-binding globulin (7.7 +/- 1.4 vs. 7.7 +/- 1.2 ng bound dihydrotestosterone/ml), or free T (0.16 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.04 ng/ml) in these men vs. normal subjects. We conclude that 1) compared to normal men, men with selectively elevated FSH levels have decreased LH pulse frequency, which suggests decreased LHRH pulse frequency; and 2) the relative secretion rates of LH and FSH by the pituitary may be regulated by the frequency of pulsatile LHRH secretion from the hypothalamus.
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PMID:Evidence for decreased luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone pulse frequency in men with selective elevations of follicle-stimulating hormone. 391 66

Men have lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) and higher low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels than women. To dynamically evaluate the role of endogenous testosterone on the lipoprotein profile, eight normal men received a long-acting gonadotropin releasing hormone analog (LHRHA) for 10 weeks by SC injection. Plasma testosterone levels were acutely lowered below 1 ng/ml after 4 weeks of LHRHA treatment and remained depressed at this level for the duration of administration of the analog. There were prompt increases in total cholesterol [baseline vs. peak (milligrams per dl) mean +/- SEM, 177 +/- 18 vs. 208 +/- 22; P less than 0.005], apoprotein B (apo B; 69 +/- 12 vs. 97 +/- 13; P less than 0.05), HDL-cholesterol (23 +/- 2 vs. 33 +/- 2; P less than 0.005), and apo A-I (80 +/- 7 vs. 112 +/- 5; P less than 0.005), but not in apo A-II (40 +/- 3 vs. 40 +/- 4; P = NS) levels. The peaks occurred after 10 weeks of treatment and were followed by a fall in these values after discontinuing LHRHA. These changes were largely prevented in a second study (six men) in which LHRHA was administered together with im testosterone enanthate, which was given every 2 weeks. These results show that suppression of endogenous testosterone leads to increases in HDL and LDL, demonstrating that testosterone has an important effect on lipoprotein metabolism and plays a key role in defining the lipoprotein profile in men.
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PMID:Suppression of plasma testosterone leads to an increase in serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoproteins A-I and B. 391 67

Using three antisera to oxytocin (OT Pitt Ab-1, OT Pitt Ab-2, and TOR OT Ab), we found comparable levels of OT in response to infant suckling and during infusion of synthetic OT, and identical standard curves with biological and synthetic standards of OT. Pitt Ab-1, but not Pitt Ab-2 or TOR OT Ab, measured increased OT in response to estrogen. Using an arginine vasotocin RIA (TOR AVT Ab), we found an increase in AVT immunoreactivity after estrogen treatment. Mean basal OT levels measured with OT Pitt Ab-2 in plasma of men [0.75 +/- 0.06 (+/- SEM) microU/ml] and women (0.8 +/- 0.09 microU/ml) were lower than OT measured with Pitt Ab-1 (1.7 +/- 0.09 microU/ml in men and 1.7 +/- 0.07 microU/al in women; P less than 0.001). Mean OT measured with Pitt Ab-2 in the plasma of women given estrogen chronically (0.8 +/- 0.04 microU/ml) and acutely (0.6 +/- 0.15 microU/ml) were not significantly different from basal levels. OT levels measured with Pitt Ab-1 in the same samples were 4.6 +/- 0.5 and 4.3 +/- 0.5 microU/ml, respectively, both significantly increased from basal levels (P less than 0.001) and significantly higher than OT measured with Pitt Ab-2 (P less than 0.001). Mean OT measured with Pitt Ab-1 in the plasma of pregnant women was 8.6 +/- 1.02 microU/ml, significantly higher than OT measured with Pitt Ab-2 (1.0 +/- 0.3 microU/ml; P less than 0.001). Men given 25 mg diethylstilbestrol had significant increases in OT measured with Pitt Ab-1 and in AVT measured with TOR AVT (P less than 0.01), but not in OT measured with Pitt Ab-2. Plasma from a man given diethylstilbestrol was prepared for high performance liquid chromatography and applied to a C18 muBondapak reverse phase column. The plasma contained two peaks of immunoreactivity detected as OT with Pitt Ab-1 and as AVT using TOR AVT Ab. The material was not detected by Pitt Ab-2 or TOR OT Ab and did not coelute with standards of OT, AVT, or AVP. Pregnancy plasma, thioglycolic acid, chymotrypsin, and trypsin reduced Pitt Ab-1, Pitt Ab-2, and TOR OT immunoreactivity of synthetic OT. The percent recovery of OT immunoreactivity was not significantly different with Pitt Ab-1 vs. Pitt Ab-2. A novel peptide, which is increased in response to administered estrogen, is present in human plasma and is detected by some antisera to OT and AVT. The observation explains the wide variability in OT levels in the estrogen-primed state and provides a new mechanism to study estrogen-related physiology and pathophysiology.
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PMID:A novel oxytocin-like and vasotocin-like peptide in human plasma after administration of estrogen. 396 93

With a computerized data base, a data retrieval system, and a computer program using the actuarial method of life-table analysis, we compared survival rates in different subgroups of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT; n = 199). Men (n = 71) had a shorter duration of survival than women (n = 128), with 500-day survival (mean +/- SEM) 84 +/- 5% vs. 99 +/- 3%, p less than 0.01; 1000-day survival 49 +/- 10% vs. 96 +/- 8%, p less than 0.001; 50% survival 1000 days vs. 1550 days. Patients younger than 65 years at onset had a decreased relative duration of survival compared with patients over 65 at onset, suggesting a more malignant course. Patients with a longer duration of illness tended to die sooner, but this effect was not statistically significant. The Kahn-Goldfarb mental-status quotient was not a predictor of survival. Patients with high Haycox behavioral score (greater than 20; n = 50), indicating more severe behavioral impairment, had lower survival rates at 500 days than patients with low scores (less than 12; n = 65) (80 +/- 6% vs. 95 +/- 3%, p less than 0.05). Hachinski ischemic score, measuring signs and symptoms of vascular disease, had no correlation with survival. Factors associated with decreased duration of survival in DAT include male sex, presenile onset, and increased severity of behavioral impairment.
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PMID:Factors associated with duration of survival in Alzheimer's disease. 396 40

Renal function recovery (RFR) is a rare event in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although some predictive factors have been described, there are still unresolved questions. We have analyzed the Canadian Organ Replacement Register data for the 1981 to 1989 period to assess the incidence and factors predictive of RFR in a large ESRD population as well as the outcome after recovery. Renal function recovery was defined as the interruption of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for more than 3 months. Patients on RRT for < or = 45 days were excluded. Of 14,318 registered ESRD patients, 342 (2.4%) experienced RFR after 8.9 +/- 0.5 months of RRT (mean +/- SEM); 52.3% of the recoveries occurred within 6 months of initiating RRT, while 23.7% were only observed after 12 months or more. By Cox regression, patients within the following diagnostic groups had a significantly higher rate of RFR than those with primary glomerulonephritis, who are considered to comprise the reference group: myeloma (relative rate [RR] = 6.00; P < 0.001), drug-induced disease (RR = 4.21; P < 0.001), vascular/hypertensive disease (RR = 2.60; P < 0.001), and systemic disease (RR = 2.58; P < 0.001). Inversely, patients with polycystic kidneys (RR = 0.06; P = 0.004) and diabetic patients (RR = 0.56; P = 0.024) had a lower rate of RFR than those with glomerulonephritis. Men younger than 45 years had a lower rate of RFR than older men and women of all ages (P < or = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal function recovery in end-stage renal disease. 837 35


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