Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Determination of the cell types proliferating in the dermis of patients with psoriasis should identify those cells experiencing activation or responding to growth factors in the psoriatic dermal milieu. Toward that end, sections of formalin-fixed biopsies obtained from 3H-deoxyuridine (3H-dU)-injected skin of eight psoriatic patients were immunostained, followed by autoradiography. Proliferating dermal cells exhibit silver grains from tritium emissions. The identity of the proliferating cells could then be determined by simultaneous visualization with antibodies specific for various cell types. UCHL1+ (CD45RO+) T cells (recall antigen-reactive helper T-cell subset) constituted 36.6 +/- 3.1% (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) of the proliferating dermal cells in involved skin, whereas Leu 18+ (CD45RA+) T cells (recall antigen naive T-cell subsets) comprised only 8.7 +/- 1.5% (n = 6). The Factor XIIIa+ dermal perivascular dendritic cell subset (24.9 +/- 1.5% of proliferating dermal cells, n = 6) and Factor VIII+ endothelial cells (23.0 +/- 2.3%, n = 6) represented the two other major proliferating populations in lesional psoriatic dermis. Differentiated tissue macrophages, identified by phase microscopy as melanophages or by immunostaining with antibodies to Leu M1 (CD15) or myeloid histiocyte antigen, comprised less than 5% of the proliferating population in either skin type. In addition to calculating the relative proportions of these cells to each other as percent, we also determined the density of cells, in cells/mm2 of tissue. The density of proliferating cells within these populations was increased in involved versus uninvolved skin: UCHL1+, 9.0 +/- 1.7 cells/mm2 versus 1.8 +/- 0.6 cells/mm2, p less than 0.01; Factor XIIIa+, 6.0 +/- 0.7 cells/mm2 versus 1.5 +/- 0.5 cells/mm2, p less than 0.01; Factor VIII+, 5.5 +/- 1.4 cells/mm2 versus 0.0 cells/mm2, p less than 0.05. The presence of preferential active proliferation of a T-cell subset in lesional dermis suggests that activating signals specific for this subset are contained within the psoriatic dermis in vivo. The activation of recall antigen-reactive T cells may be a driving force behind the dendritic cell and endothelial cell proliferation. Alternatively, the selective proliferation and expansion of these two constitutive cell types (Factor XIIIa+ and Factor VIII+) may result in signals that promote activation of UCHL1+ (CD45RO+) T cells.
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PMID:Proliferating cells in psoriatic dermis are comprised primarily of T cells, endothelial cells, and factor XIIIa+ perivascular dendritic cells. 200 55

Enriched progenitor cell fractions from human bone marrow were induced to undergo myeloid maturation in culture using recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF). A negative selection method using the murine monoclonal antibodies (MABs) PM81 (anti-CD15), AML-2-23 (anti-CD14), PC251 (anti-CD33), OKT11 (anti-CD2), and SCCL-1 (anti-CD71) and immunomagnetic beads coated with sheep anti-mouse IgG (Dynal A.S., Oslo, Norway) was used to remove the more mature cellular components of mononuclear cells from normal donor bone marrow samples. The resulting fraction of cells contained 35 to 40% CD34-positive cells, and less than 1% of cells expressed the receptors for the constant portion of immunoglobulin G Fc gamma RI or Fc gamma RII. A small population (3-5%) expressed Fc gamma RIII on day 0, and these cells were found by two-color flow cytometry to be primarily natural killer (NK) cells. The level of Fc gamma R expression was determined every 2 to 3 days on aliquots of the differentiating cells. Thirteen percent of the cultured bone marrow cells expressed Fc gamma RII after 48 hours in liquid culture with rhIL-3 and rhGM-CSF. The percent of cells expressing Fc gamma RII increased to a peak of 78% of the gated population on day 10. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) remained low for the first 8 to 10 days of culture, but at that time the MFI more than doubled. Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RIII expression remained low throughout the culture period. The ability of the differentiating cells to perform antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was determined at a single-cell level in a modified plaque assay using monolayers of ox erythrocyte (oxE) target cells. The purified progenitor cells, when placed in oxE monolayers sensitized with polyclonal rabbit anti-oxE antibody (AB), showed no plaque formation over control oxE layers. No increase in ability to generate cytolytic plaques in antibody-sensitized oxE layers was seen compared with unsensitized oxE layers until after 10 days of incubation in liquid culture. At that time, the percent of cells forming plaques in the AB-sensitized oxE layers was 34.4 +/- 10.7% (average +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]; n = 4) compared with 10.0 +/- 0.7% on the control oxE layers. The peak plaque formation appeared to coincide with the increase in MFI of a large population of the cultured cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of recombinant human interleukin-3 and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on Fc gamma receptor expression and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of hematopoietic progenitor cells during in vitro myeloid maturation. 750 91

A cell line, designated SEM, was established from the peripheral blood of a 5-year-old girl in relapse with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Both the lymphoblasts of the patient and the cells of the cell line SEM showed the t(4;11) chromosomal rearrangement. The analysis of the immunophenotype of the SEM cell line revealed the B-cell differentiation antigens CD19, CD22 and CDw75 in the absence of CD20, CD24 and immunoglobulin expression. Besides B-lineage antigens, SEM cells were positive for the myeloid antigens CD13, CD15, CD33 and CDw65. Immunogenotypic analysis of SEM cells showed a monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH). T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma and delta genes. Addition of interleukin (IL)-7 promoted the growth of the patient's lymphoblasts in culture and enhanced the proliferation of SEM cells. The SEM cells also express messenger RNA (mRNA) for the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R), but no evidence for autocrine production of IL-7 by the cell line was found. Addition of IL-4, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-alpha, or IFN-gamma resulted in a profound inhibition of SEM growth. Thus, these cytokines may have important growth regulatory activities for biphenotypic leukaemic ALL cells.
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PMID:The acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line SEM with t(4;11) chromosomal rearrangement is biphenotypic and responsive to interleukin-7. 819 15

The aim of this study was to determine the proliferation rates within the lining layer of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial membrane (SM) as opposed to the SM of other degenerative and neoplastic joint diseases and to characterize the proliferating cells. 13 RA, 23 osteoarthritis (OA), 21 joint trauma (JT), and 9 synovial sarcoma (SS) specimens were immunostained for Ki-67 and PCNA, silver-stained for nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), and double stained with either T-cell- (CD3), macrophage- (CD68), or polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leucocytes (PMN)-markers (CD15). The frequency of PCNA positive synovial lining cells (SLCs) varied from 15.7 +/- 8.7% in RA (mean +/- SEM), 30.97 +/- 4.13% in JT, and 48.55 +/- 3.66% in OA to more than half of all cells in SS (67.2 +/- 3.1%). MIB-1 labeling was observed in 20.0 +/- 8.4% of SS cells., but only in 0.6 +/- 0.2% RA or < or = 1.1% in JT and OA SLCs. Mean AgNOR number per cell ranged from 2.9 +/- 0.1 in JT, 3.6 +/- 0.05 in OA and 4.3 +/- 0.3 in RA to 7.3 +/- 0.3 in SS. Significant differences were observed for Ki-67 and AgNORs, between SS and all other diseases and also between RA and OA (p < 0.01, U-test). In RA, Ki-67 was solely expressed in lymphocytes of germinal centres, but not in macrophages or PMN; in the lining layer expression of Ki-67 was only found in fibroblast-like cells. Our study confirms that T-cell or macrophage proliferation is rare in the RA SM. Also, the proliferation rates of fibroblast-like cells in the RA lining layer are rather low, in particular when compared to a sarcoma in the same anatomical location.
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PMID:[Proliferation of T-cells, macrophages, neutrophilic granulocytes and fibroblast-like cells in the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. 906 26

The aim of this study was to determine and to evaluate silica induced lung cell reactivity--if any--in bronchoalveolar space, before clinical changes develop. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was carried out in 15 nonsmoking individuals with chronic professional silica exposure, free of lung signs and symptoms. Controls were healthy nonsmokers. Routine BAL cytology (HE, MGG) was completed by mast cell staining (toluidine blue). BAL lymphocyte subsets were phenotyped by direct two- and three-color immunofluorescence (applied DAKO A/S monoclonal antibodies: anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11b, CD14, CD15, CD16 + 56, CD19, CD25, CD45, HLA-DR). Parallel staining was performed in peripheral blood. In individuals with chronic silica exposure we found: significant increase in alveolar macrophage (362 +/- 45 vs 160 +/- 33 x 10(3) cells/ml, p < 0.05), lymphocyte (61 +/- 9 vs 24 +/- 5 x 10(3) cells/ml, p < 0.05) and BAL total cell (415 +/- 76 vs 187 +/- 34 x 10(3) cells/ml, p < 0.05) numbers; significant increase in mast cell (0.4 +/- 0.1 vs 0.2 +/- 0.1, p < 0.05), NK cell (7.0 +/- 1.8 vs 3.6 +/- 1.0, p < 0.05) and Th early activated lymphocyte percent (CD4 + CD25+ calculated as percentage of CD4+ cells: 15.1 +/- 1.5 vs 7.8 +/- 1.6, p < 0.01). All results were presented as median +/- SEM. Bronchoalveolar space of people with chronic silica exposure usually shows pathological reaction (especially macrophagic alveolitis), although they are free of manifested pulmonary disease. Th early activated lymphocytes, NK cells and mast cells seem to play important role in the early interstitial lung tissue reaction to silica.
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PMID:[Cytoimmunologic changes in material obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in asymptomatic individuals chronically exposed to silica dust]. 1100 45

We compared histologic, immunohistochemical, and vascular findings in synovial biopsies from individuals with Gulf War Veterans Illness and joint pain (GWVI) to findings in normal and osteoarthritis (OA) synovium. The following parameters were assessed in synovial biopsies from ten individuals with GWVI: lining thickness, histologic synovitis score, and vascular density in hematoxylin & eosin-stained sections; and CD68+ lining surface cells and CD15+, CD3+, CD8+, CD20+, CD38+, CD68+, and Ki-67+ subintimal cells and von Willebrand Factor+ vessels immunohistochemically. Comparisons were made to synovial specimens from healthy volunteers (n = 10) and patients with OA or RA (n = 25 each). Histologic appearance and quantitative assessments were nearly identical in the GWVI and normal specimens. Vascular density was between 25% (H & E stains; p = 0.003) and 31% (vWF immunostains; p = 0.02) lower in GWVI and normal specimens than in OA. CD68+ macrophages were the most common inflammatory cells in GWVI (45.3 +/- 10.1 SEM cells/mm(2)) and normal synovium (45.6 +/- 7.4) followed by CD3+ T cells (GWVI, 15.1 +/- 6.3; normal, 27.1 +/- 9.2), whereas there were practically no CD20+, CD38+, and CD15+ cells. All parameters except lining thickness and CD15 and CD20 expression were significantly higher in OA. Five (20%) OA specimens contained significant fractions of humoral immune cells in mononuclear infiltrates, although the overall differences in the relative composition of the OA mononuclear infiltrates did not reach statistical significance compared to GWVI and normal synovium. In summary, the GWVI and normal synovia were indistinguishable from each other and contained similar low-grade inflammatory cell populations consisting almost entirely of macrophages and T cells.
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PMID:A histomorphometric analysis of synovial biopsies from individuals with Gulf War Veterans' Illness and joint pain compared to normal and osteoarthritis synovium. 1841 68