Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Adrenomedullin, a newly identified vasorelaxant peptide, participates in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. To investigate the pathophysiological significance of adrenomedullin in patients with acute myocardial infarction, we measured plasma levels of adrenomedullin. 2. Cardiac catheterization was performed on admission, after 1 day, and after 4 weeks in 36 patients with acute myocardial infarction. We measured plasma levels of adrenomedullin, atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in the right atrium, pulmonary artery and aorta. 3. Plasma levels of adrenomedullin in the right atrium (mean +/- SEM) were significantly increased on admission (4.2 +/- 2.6 h) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (10.6 +/- 1.0 pmol/l) compared with controls (5.2 +/- 0.3 pmol/l, P < 0.01). In addition, plasma levels of adrenomedullin were further elevated in patients with congestive heart failure (12.3 +/- 1.4 pmol/l) compared with patients without congestive heart failure (7.8 +/- 0.6 pmol/l, P < 0.01). In patients with congestive heart failure, plasma adrenomedullin on admission significantly correlated with atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. 4. These results suggest that plasma adrenomedullin increases in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction and that volume expansion may be one of the additional stimuli for the release of adrenomedullin in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by congestive heart failure.
...
PMID:Plasma levels of adrenomedullin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. 953 21

The objective of this study was to examine the role of chloride (Cl-) channels in the myocardial protection of ischemic preconditioning (IP). Isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes were preconditioned with 10-minute simulated ischemia (SI) and 20-minute simulated reperfusion (SR) or not preconditioned (control). The myocytes then received 180-minute SI or 45-minute SI/120-minute SR. Indanyloxyacetic acid 94 (IAA-94, 10 micromol/L) or 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB, 1 micromol/L) was administered before IP or before SI or SI/SR to inhibit Cl- channels. Electrophysiological studies indicate that these drugs, at the concentrations used, selectively abolished Cl- currents activated under hypo-osmotic conditions (215 versus 290 mOsm). IP significantly (P<0.001) reduced the percentage of dead myocytes after 60-minute (30.8+/-1.3%, mean+/-SEM), 90-minute (35.3+/-1.3%), and 120-minute (39.2+/-1.7%) SI compared with controls (44.7+/-1.6%, 54.5+/-1.3%, and 58.9+/-1.8%, respectively) and after 45-minute SI/120-minute SR (36.3+/-0.6%) compared with control (56.6+/-2.2%). Hypo-osmotic stress also produced protection similar to IP. IAA-94 or NPPB abolished the protection of both IP and hypo-osmotic stress. In buffer-perfused rabbit hearts preconditioned with three 5-minute ischemia/10-minute reperfusion cycles given before the 40-minute long ischemia and 60-minute reperfusion, IP significantly (P<0.0001) reduced infarct size (IP+vehicle, 4.7+/-0.9%, versus control+vehicle, 26.6+/-3.3%; mean+/-SEM). Again, IAA-94 or NPPB abolished the protection of IP. Our results implicate Cl- channels in the IP protection of the myocardium against ischemic/reperfusion injury and demonstrate that hypo-osmotic stress is capable of preconditioning cardiomyocytes.
...
PMID:Chloride channel inhibition blocks the protection of ischemic preconditioning and hypo-osmotic stress in rabbit ventricular myocardium. 1173 94

Adrenomedullin (AM), a potent vasodilator and natriuretic peptide, is found in human blood. To investigate the pathophysiological role of AM in essential and malignant hypertension (EHT and MHT), we measured the plasma concentrations of AM in patients with EHT of WHO stage I or II (n = 42) and in those with MHT (n = 9) by a specific radioimmunoassay, and compared these concentrations with those in normotensive controls (n = 46). The plasma concentrations of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) in these subjects were also measured by immunoradiometric assays, and their relations to plasma AM were examined. The plasma AM level in the EHT patients (7.15+/-0.21 pmol/l, mean+/-SEM) was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that in the normotensive controls (6.14+/-0.25 pmol/l), and a further elevation was observed in the MHT patients (14.1+/-3.8 pmol/l). Similar elevations of plasma ANP and BNP were seen in the two patient groups. The plasma AM level significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with not only the systolic (r = 0.44) and diastolic (r = 0.46) blood pressures, but also with the plasma levels of ANP (r = 0.43) and BNP (r = 0.43). The elevated plasma concentration of AM in the MHT patients decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after antihypertensive treatment, and the plasma ANP and BNP levels similarly declined. These results suggest that AM may participate, along with ANP and BNP, in mechanisms counteracting a further elevation of blood pressure in patients with EHT and MHT.
...
PMID:Plasma adrenomedullin and natriuretic peptides in patients with essential or malignant hypertension. 1022 53

The use of continuous fetal heart rate (FHR) recordings to monitor fetal well-being during labor is standard clinical practice in developed countries. Little is known about the relationship, if any, that exists between these FHR abnormalities and the fetal cardiac musculature and function. The aim of this study was to investigate umbilical artery serum levels of cardiac troponin I, a sensitive and specific marker of myocardial necrosis, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP), a sensitive marker of left ventricular dysfunction, in relation to FHR abnormalities. Umbilical artery blood samples were taken from 27 cases immediately after delivery of the infant. There was evidence of significant FHR abnormalities in 11 of these cases (group 2) and the FHR recording was normal in 16 cases (group 1). The mean N-terminal pro-BNP level in umbilical artery serum in group 2 was 413 fmol/L (SEM = 85) and in group 1 was 223 fmol/L (SEM = 28)(p = 0.022). There was no significant difference observed in cardiac troponin I levels between the two groups. Umbilical artery serum N-terminal pro-BNP is elevated in association with fetal heart rate abnormality in the late stage of labor. This finding suggests that some degree of cardiac compromise accompanies FHR abnormality.
...
PMID:Cardiac troponin I and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in umbilical artery blood in relation to fetal heart rate abnormalities during labor. 1152 13

To evaluate the efficacy of carvedilol for left ventricular dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), we enrolled 8 patients with DMD who had elevated plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and a low ejection fraction (EF < 40%) in echocardiography. Written informed consent was obtained from all of them. Four agreed to be treated with oral carvedilol 0.3125-1.25 mg/day (10.1-40.3 micrograms/kg/day) for 6 months (treated group). The others served as the controls (untreated group). In both groups, we evaluated clinical symptoms, plasma ANP, BNP and EF before, 3 and 6 months after the trial, and iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) imaging at 6 month interval. Parameters in the treated and untreated groups before respectively were ANP, 83.8 +/- 17.5 and 89.5 +/- 44.4 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM); BNP, 169.0 +/- 46.2 and 186.3 +/- 61.8 pg/ml; EF, 24.0 +/- 2.2 and 16.5 +/- 1.9%; Heart/Mediastrinum ratio of the 123I-MIBG delayed image, 1.65 +/- 0.08 and 1.6 +/- 0.10; and Washout rate, 46.5 +/- 8.6 and 41.4 +/- 7.8. These values did not change significantly before and 6 months after for either group. Clinical symptoms also did not change in either group. Carvedilol therapy did not change the left ventricular dysfunction in DMD.
...
PMID:[Carvedilol effectiveness for left ventricular-insufficient patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. 1199 90

Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) produce extracellular matrix proteins and participate in the remodeling of the heart. It is unknown if brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is synthesized by CFs and if BNP participates in the regulation of extracellular matrix turnover. In this study, we examined the production of BNP in adult canine CFs and the role of BNP and its signaling system on collagen synthesis and on the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). BNP mRNA was detected in CFs, and a specific radioimmunoassay demonstrated that BNP(1-32) was secreted into the media at a rate of 11.2+/-1.0 pg/10(5) cells per 48 hours (mean+/-SEM). The amount of BNP secretion was significantly (P<0.01) augmented by 10(-7) mol/L tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a time-dependent manner. BNP significantly (P<0.01) inhibited de novo collagen synthesis as assessed by [3H]proline incorporation, whereas zymographic MMP-2 (gelatinase) abundance was significantly (P<0.05) stimulated by BNP between 10(-7) and 10(-6) mol/L. In addition, protein expression of MMP-1, -2, and -3 and membranous type-1 MMP was significantly increased by 10(-6) mol/L BNP. The cGMP analogue 8-bromo-cGMP (10(-4) mol/L) mimicked the BNP effect, whereas inhibition of protein kinase G by KT5823 (10(-6) mol/L) significantly (P<0.05) attenuated BNP-induced zymographic MMP-2 abundance. In summary, this study reports that BNP is present in cultured CFs and that BNP decreases collagen synthesis and increases MMPs via cGMP-protein kinase G signaling. These in vitro findings support a role for BNP as a regulator of myocardial structure via control of cardiac fibroblast function.
...
PMID:Brain natriuretic Peptide is produced in cardiac fibroblasts and induces matrix metalloproteinases. 1248 Aug 6

Heart failure is associated with Cheyne-Stokes breathing, which fragments patients' sleep. Correction of respiratory disturbance may reduce sleep fragmentation and excessive daytime sleepiness. This randomized prospective parallel trial assesses whether nocturnal-assist servoventilation improves daytime sleepiness compared with the control. A total of 30 subjects (29 male) with Cheyne-Stokes breathing (mean apnea-hypopnea index 19.8 [SD 2.6] and stable symptomatic chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association Class II-IV) were treated with 1 month's therapeutic (n = 15) or subtherapeutic adaptive servoventilation. Daytime sleepiness (Osler test) was measured before and after the trial with change in measured sleepiness the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included brain natriuretic peptide levels and catecholamine excretion. Active treatment reduced excessive daytime sleepiness; the mean Osler change was +7.9 minutes (SEM 2.9), when compared with the control, the change was -1.0 minutes (SEM, 1.7), and the difference was 8.9 minutes (95% confidence interval, 1.9-15.9 minutes; p = 0.014, unpaired t test). Significant falls occurred in plasma brain natriuretic peptide and urinary metadrenaline excretion. We conclude that adaptive servoventilation produces an improvement in excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Cheyne-Stokes breathing and chronic heart failure. This study suggests improvements in neurohormonal activation with this treatment.
...
PMID:A randomized controlled trial of adaptive ventilation for Cheyne-Stokes breathing in heart failure. 1292 10

The family of natriuretic peptides comprises several structurally related 22-53-amino acid peptides, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), which are vasoactive peptides with vasodilator and diuretic properties and play an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis. The salutary cardiovascular effects of natriuretic peptides suggest that ANP and BNP may have a pathophysiological significance in the cardiac dysfunction of septic patients. We determined plasma levels of the stable N-terminal prohormone forms of ANP (NT-proANP) and BNP (NT-proBNP) as well as troponin I (TNI) as a marker of myocardial cell injury by ELISA methods in 19 septic patients and 19 healthy controls at day one of severe sepsis. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was determined on day 1 of severe sepsis by echocardiography. Significantly higher concentrations of NT-proANP were measured in non-survivors (mean = 13415 pmol/l +/- SEM = 4295) and survivors (mean = 7386 pmol/l +/- SEM = 1807) as compared to controls (mean = 1404 pmol/l +/- SEM = 181; p<0.001). Levels of NT-proBNP were also significantly higher in non-survivors (mean = 3439 pmol/l +/- SEM = 1246; p<0.05) and survivors (mean = 1009 pmol/l +/- SEM = 263; p<0.001) as compared to controls (mean = 200 pmol/l +/- SEM = 24) and correlated well with an increase in TNI-levels (r = 0.71; p<0.001). NT-proANP and NT-proBNP may serve as useful laboratory markers to indicate myocardial dysfunction and may help to differentiate between survivors and non-survivors of severe sepsis.
...
PMID:Increased plasma levels of NT-proANP and NT-proBNP as markers of cardiac dysfunction in septic patients. 1612 47

Heart failure (HF) is a major problem in the long-term follow-up of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) after cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors for HF in patients with CHD. N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were measured in 345 consecutive patients with CHD. HF was defined as an elevated N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide level (> or = 100 pg/ml) and reduced VO2max (< or = 25 ml/kg/min). The HF criteria were met by 89 patients. These patients were significantly older (mean +/- SEM 30.8 +/- 0.9 vs 24.8 +/- 0.5 years), had significantly lower maximal heart rates (149 +/- 3 vs 164 +/- 1 beats/min), and had larger end-diastolic right ventricular diameters (36 +/- 1 vs 27 +/- 1 mm) and right ventricular pressure estimated by Doppler flow velocities of tricuspid valve regurgitation (2.9 +/- 0.1 vs 2.3 +/- 0.03 m/s). Mean fractional shortening of the left ventricle was within the normal range. To estimate risk stratification, odds ratios for HF were determined for the most frequently occurring types of congenital heart defects and surgical procedures. In conclusion, HF in adults with CHD predominately depends on diagnosis, age, the frequency of reoperation, and right ventricular function and may be related to chronotropic incompetence indicated by lower maximal heart rates.
...
PMID:Incidence and risk distribution of heart failure in adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery. 1661 33

To evaluate the relationship between plasma concentration of amino-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), functional capacity, and right ventricular overload in survivors of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair, we prospectively studied 70 operated TOF patients (44 males, 21 +/- 1 years old; mean +/- SEM) who underwent, during the same day, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, neurohormonal characterization (plasma NT-proBNP, catecholamines, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone assay), and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Forty-eight age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers served as the control group. Compared to controls, maximal workload and peak oxygen consumption (VO2/kg) were lower in operated TOF patients (p < 0.001), whereas NT-proBNP concentration was elevated (p < 0.001). No difference was found among the other neurohormones. In operated TOF patients, NT-proBNP showed a significant positive correlation with right ventricular (RV) end systolic and end diastolic volumes and RV systolic pressure, and it showed a negative correlation with peak VO2/kg and RV ejection fraction. From multivariable analysis, NT-proBNP concentration was found to be an independent predictor of peak VO2/kg, RV end systolic volume, and RV systolic pressure. These results show an association among RV overload, decrease in functional capacity, and cardiac natriuretic peptide expression in operated TOF patients. NT-proBNP plasma assay may be a useful tool for diagnostic purposes and for decision making in this setting.
...
PMID:Amino-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic hormone identifies functional impairment and right ventricular overload in operated tetralogy of Fallot patients. 1760 99


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>

---