Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. C-type natriuretic peptide is a neuropeptide, which is also produced by the vascular endothelial cells. Plasma immunoreactive C-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in patients with various diseases have not yet been studied. 2. Plasma immunoreactive C-type natriuretic peptide concentrations were studied by radioimmunoassay in normal subjects, patients with congestive heart failure, non-dialysed patients with chronic renal failure and haemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. The C-type natriuretic peptide levels were compared with the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. 3. Plasma immunoreactive C-type natriuretic peptide concentrations were greatly elevated in patients with chronic renal failure [non-dialysed, 13.0 +/- 4.2 pmol/l (mean +/- SEM), n = 9, P < 0.01 compared with normal subjects (4.4 +/- 0.4 pmol/l, n = 26); haemodialysis, 16.1 +/- 2.1 pmol/l, n = 13, P < 0.01], but not in patients with congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Class II-IV, 3.0 +/- 0.7 pmol/l, n = 11, P > 0.05). Plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide concentrations were elevated both in patients with congestive heart failure and in haemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. 4. Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography showed that immunoreactive C-type natriuretic peptide in plasma from normal subjects and haemodialysis patients was eluted in the positions of C-type natriuretic peptide-22 and -53. 5. These findings suggest that C-type natriuretic peptide is a non-cardiac circulating hormone and participates in the cardiovascular regulation in a different manner from atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide.
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PMID:Elevated plasma C-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure. 795 8

The present study was designed to determine whether brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is synthesized in the human adrenal gland and, if so, to investigate the BNP content of adrenal tissue and the changes in BNP messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in patients with primary aldosteronism. A considerable amount of BNP-like immunoreactive substances was extracted from the adrenal glands of kidney donors for transplantation (0.21 +/- 0.02 pmol/g wet tissue; n = 3) and the remnant nontumorous adrenal glands of patients with primary aldosteronism (0.20 +/- 0.05 pmol/g wet tissue; n = 3; mean +/- SEM). Immunohistochemical study with a specific antihuman BNP antibody revealed that BNP-like immunoreactivity was localized in the adrenal medullary area, and an in situ hybridization study indicated that the BNP mRNA was mainly expressed in the cells of adrenal medulla. Using a reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction technique, BNP complementary DNA was cloned from the human adrenal gland, and the sequence was identical to that of BNP identified in the atria. The level of BNP mRNA in the adrenal glands of patients with primary aldosteronism (n = 4) was obviously elevated compared to that in the kidney donors (n = 4), as determined by Northern blot analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurements of BNP and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNAs showed that both of the adrenomedullary natriuretic peptide gene transcriptions were enhanced in patients with primary aldosteronism, but the amount of ANP mRNA was far higher than that of BNP mRNA in the human adrenal gland. Our results are the first to indicate that BNP is synthesized in the human adrenal medulla, and that such medullary BNP synthesis increases in patients with primary aldosteronism. These facts support the proposal that adrenomedullary BNP along with ANP may play some role in water and electrolyte homeostasis or act in a paracrine manner to regulate adrenocortical functions.
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PMID:Brain natriuretic peptide is synthesized in the human adrenal medulla and its messenger ribonucleic acid expression along with that of atrial natriuretic peptide are enhanced in patients with primary aldosteronism. 796 46

Specific radioimmunoassay techniques were used to measure simultaneously plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in normal healthy children and adults. The concentrations of BNP in plasma of 20 children (mean +/- SEM; 31 +/- 4 pg/ml) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than concentrations in plasma of 20 adults (12 +/- 1.8 pg/ml). There was no significant difference in levels of plasma ANP between children (27 +/- 3 pg/ml) and adults (36 +/- 2.2 pg/ml). Plasma levels of BNP were positively correlated with plasma ANP levels in children (r = 0.53, P < 0.02, n = 20) and in adults (r = 0.59, P < 0.02, n = 20). These results suggest that plasma levels of BNP in normal children are higher than levels in normal adults; and provide a useful baseline for comparison with levels of BNP and ANP in plasma of children with impaired cardiac function.
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PMID:Brain and atrial natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations in normal healthy children. 821 25

We investigated the effect of volume overload on the plasma concentrations of brain and atrial natriuretic peptides as well as cyclic GMP, using specific radioimmunoassays, in 49 patients with chronic renal failure on regular hemodialysis treatment. Markedly elevated levels of the brain (16.2 +/- 1.3 pmol/l) as well as atrial (39.0 +/- 2.8 pmol/l) natriuretic peptide in plasma were found before the dialysis session, as compared to healthy volunteers (range for brain natriuretic peptide, 0.7-7.3 pmol/l, mean level 2.55 +/- 0.32 (SEM) pmol/l). In contrast to the levels of the atrial natriuretic peptide, those of the brain natriuretic peptide were lowered less efficiently by the dialysis procedure: The mean pre-/postdialytic concentration differences were -1.5 pmol/l and -14.2 pmol/l for brain and atrial natriuretic peptide, respectively. The concentrations of the intracellular mediator of the natriuretic peptides, cyclic GMP, were found to be excessively elevated (34.8 +/- 2.8 nmol/l) and returned to near-normal values (12.4 +/- 1.6 nmol/l) at the end of the dialysis session. Concentrations of BNP in plasma of the patients were well correlated to those of ANP. Significant though less marked correlations were also observed between the plasma concentrations of cyclic GMP and BNP, or ANP, respectively. In contrast to those of ANP, pre-/postdialysis differences in plasma BNP concentrations were not correlated to the extent of volume reduction during dialysis. Our findings show that pathophysiologic states resulting in elevations of the plasma concentrations of the atrial natriuretic peptide can also lead to increased levels of the brain natriuretic peptide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Differential regulation of brain and atrial natriuretic peptides in hemodialysis patients. 822 77

To investigate the possible role of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) in the renal effects of mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), we measured changes in plasma ANP and BNP levels during PEEP in patients undergoing subtotal esophagectomy. Application of 15 cm of H2O PEEP for 1 h decreased the levels of plasma ANP and BNP from 24.4 +/- 5.5 (mean +/- SEM) and 19.0 +/- 3.5 fmol/mL to 14.4 +/- 2.1 and 15.3 +/- 3.0 fmol/mL, respectively (P < 0.05). The level of plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate, an intracellular second messenger of ANP and BNP, also decreased from 8.4 +/- 1.5 to 5.7 +/- 0.8 pmol/mL (P < 0.05). PEEP increased the levels of plasma arginine vasopressin from 2.0 +/- 0.5 to 4.2 +/- 1.2 pg/mL, aldosterone from 36.1 +/- 4.9 to 65.3 +/- 12.7 pg/mL, and plasma renin activity from 1.4 +/- 0.5 to 2.7 +/- 0.7 ng.mL-1.h-1. During PEEP ventilation, urine output, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, osmolar clearance, and cardiac index all decreased. PEEP increased free water clearance, right atrial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. The level of plasma endothelin, mean blood pressure, and heart rate did not change significantly. These results suggest that not only hemodynamics and the vasopressin and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, but also the natriuretic peptide system (ANP and BNP), are involved in the renal effects of PEEP.
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PMID:Positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation decreases plasma atrial and brain natriuretic peptide levels in humans. 825 Mar

The presence and biochemical characteristics of human brain natriuretic peptide (hBNP) in the amniotic fluid at various gestational ages were investigated. The hBNP-like immunoreactivity (hBNP-LI) levels in amniotic fluid, determined by RIA, were 118.7 +/- 57.6 pmol/L (mean +/- SEM; n = 5) and 107.7 +/- 8.7 pmol/L (n = 9) in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, respectively; it was significantly decreased to 28.4 +/- 5.1 pmol/L (n = 9) in the third trimester. However, human atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity (hANP-LI) was not detected (< 0.3 pmol/L) in any of these samples. Northern blot analysis demonstrated hBNP mRNA in human amnion tissue. Moreover, cultured amnion cells secreted a significant amount of hBNP-LI (100-200 fmol/10(6) cells/day), but not hANP-LI, into the culture medium. The synthesis of hBNP in cultured amnion cells was further confirmed using the polymerase chain reaction. High performance gel permeation chromatography of hBNP-LI extracted from human amniotic fluid and the culture medium of amnion cells revealed that the predominant molecular form of hBNP-LI in both samples was the hBNP precursor, with an approximate mol wt of 12 kilodaltons. These findings indicate that hBNP is present in the human amniotic fluid, and that amnion cells synthesize hBNP and secrete it into the amniotic cavity.
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PMID:Brain natriuretic peptide is present in the human amniotic fluid and is secreted from amnion cells. 847 4

We measured plasma concentrations of adrenomedullin (AM), a novel bioactive peptide with potent vasodilator activity, in 21 patients with chronic congestive heart failure due to various heart diseases and compared them to levels in age- and sex-matched healthy subjects to examine the pathophysiological role of plasma AM in heart failure. In addition, the relationship between plasma AM and other hormones known to control the cardiovascular system was examined in these patients. The plasma AM level in the patients with heart failure was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that in the control subjects (mean +/- SEM, 2.94 +/- 0.15 fmol/mL; n = 16), with a significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentration in patients in class III or IV (11.82 +/- 1.81 fmol/mL; n = 5) of the New York Heart Association functional classification than in those in class I or II (8.74 +/- 0.44 fmol/mL; n = 16). There were no significant correlations between plasma AM and catecholamine levels, whereas the plasma AM level was significantly correlated with the concentrations of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (r = 0.58; P < 0.01), brain natriuretic peptide (r = 0.47; P < 0.05), and PRA (r = 0.77; P < 0.01) in the patients. Thus, the plasma AM concentration increased in proportion to the severity of heart failure along with the hormones known to modulate the development of congestive heart failure. The present findings suggest a possible role for AM as a circulating hormone participating in the defense mechanism against further deterioration of congestive heart failure in patients with heart disease.
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PMID:Plasma adrenomedullin concentration in patients with heart failure. 855 Jul 49

We investigated the usefulness of the plasma concentration of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) for evaluating cardiac function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The plasma BNP concentration was measured by immunoradiometric assay in 55 patients with DMD and in 34 healthy subjects. Cardiac function was evaluated by the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) on chest roentgenogram, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and fractional shortening (FS) on echocardiogram, and the ratio of ejection time to pre-ejection period (ET/PEP) on mechanocardiogram. The function of skeletal muscle was evaluated in terms of the disability of lower limb function, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and % vital capacity (% VC). The plasma concentration of BNP was increased in patients with DMD (32.7 +/- 14.8 pg/ml, mean +/- SEM) compared with that in normal subjects (4.3 +/- 0.5 pg/ml). Two of the DMD patients had symptoms of heart failure, with markedly increased plasma BNP concentrations. The other DMD patients with increased plasma BNP concentrations showed abnormal cardiac function but no symptoms of heart failure. In addition, in patients with DMD, the plasma BNP concentration showed significant positive correlations with CTR and LVDd (p < 0.01), and negative correlations with ET/PEP and FS (p < 0.01). In severe DMD patients who had advanced disability and decreased CK activity, the plasma BNP concentration tended to be elevated. There was no significant correlation between the plasma BNP concentration and % VC. These findings suggest that the plasma BNP concentration is useful for evaluating cardiac dysfunction, whether manifest or latent, in patients with DMD, in whom accurate evaluation of cardiac function by conventional methods is difficult due to severe muscle atrophy and deformity of the thorax.
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PMID:[Estimation of cardiac function by plasma concentration of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. 868 97

Urinary immunoreactive brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was studied by radioimmunoassay in patients with renal disease. Urinary immunoreactive human BNP excretion measured in 11 normal subjects was 3.82 +/- 0.62 pmol/day (mean +/- SEM). Significantly increased 24-h urinary secretion of immunoreactive human BNP was noted in patients with chronic renal failure (11.07 +/- 1.73 pmol/day, n = 9, P < 0.05 to normal subjects). A significant correlation was noted between 24-h urinary excretion of immunoreactive human BNP and creatinine clearance in patients with various renal diseases (r = -0.43, P < 0.01, n = 45). Gel chromatography of the urine extracts obtained from normal subjects and patients with chronic renal failure showed multiple immunoreactive peaks; two eluting earlier, one in the position of human BNP-32 and others eluting later. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of the urine extracts showed a peak in the position of human BNP-32 and a peak eluting earlier. These findings indicate that: (1) immunoreactive human BNP is present in human urine; (2) urinary immunoreactive human BNP consists of multiple components, i.e., human BNP-32 itself or a substance very similar to it, smaller molecular forms which are probably metabolic products of human BNP-32, and larger molecular forms; and (3) 24-h urinary excretion of immunoreactive human BNP is increased in patients with renal dysfunction.
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PMID:Urinary immunoreactive brain natriuretic peptide in patients with renal disease. 883 22

The presence of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in tissues of human adrenal glands and adrenal tumors was investigated by radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive BNP concentrations were 0.203 +/- 0.061 pmol/g wet tissue (mean +/- SEM) in normal parts of adrenal glands (cortex and medulla, N = 8), 0.205 +/- 0.037 pmol/g wet tissue in pheochromocytomas (N = 8), 0.230 +/- 0.062 pmol/g wet tissue in aldosteronomas (N = 11) and 0.180 +/- 0.054 pmol/g wet tissue in adrenocortical adenomas with Cushing's syndrome (N = 4). Sephadex G-50 superfine column chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography showed that most (> 70%) of the immunoreactive BNP in the normal part of adrenal glands was eluted in the position of human BNP-32. Sephadex G-50 superfine column chromatography of immunoreactive BNP in the pheochromocytoma and aldosteronoma showed four peaks: one in the position of gamma-BNP, one in the position of BNP-32, one between gamma-BNP and BNP-32 and one in the smaller molecular weight region. The present study has shown that immunoreactive BNP is present both in normal human adrenal glands and in adrenal tumors. Multiple molecular forms of BNP were found to be present in the tumor tissues of pheochromocytoma and aldosteronoma.
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PMID:Immunoreactive brain natriuretic peptide in human adrenal glands and adrenal tumors. 889 Jul 28


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