Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Synthetic porcine secretion was labelled by the conjugation-labelling method of Bolton & Hunter, the lactoperoxidase method, the gaseous diffusion method, and the chloramine-T method. The chloramine-T technique was adapted as routine method. Ten mug (3.27 nmol) peptide was reacted with 5 mCi of Na125I at a concentration of chloramine-T of 1.3 mmol/l. Synthetic secretin was suitable for labelling for at least eight months when stored as dry matter in nitrogen-filled glass ampoules. Purification and separation of labelled from unlabelled hormone was carried out by gel-permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-50 superfine. The labelled preparation had a specific radioactivity of 405 +/- 33 muCi/nmol (mean +/- SEM., n = 9) and was unable for six days. 6-tyrosyl-secretin took more iodine compared to porcine synthetic secretin but had lower immunoreactivity with all antisera tested.
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PMID:Preparation of 125I-labeled synthetic porcine secretin for radioimmunoassay. 1 92

Previous work has suggested that impaired islet glucose recognition occurs in patients with adult onset diabetes, as acute insulin release is absent after iv glucose but present after beta adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol (Iso). However, insulin responses to Iso were variably reduced as compared to normal in the diabetics. In order to evaluate the importance of the Iso dose, dose-response studies were performed in 9 diabetics (fasting plasma glucose greater than 150 mg/dl) and 10 age-matched controls. In both control subjects and diabetics, 0.5 microgram Iso produced no insulin response; 2 micrograms Iso produced an intermediate response; and 8 and 12 micrograms Iso produced a higher response. The insulin responses to the larger doses of Iso were lower in diabetics than control subjects (8 micrograms, 20 +/- 5 vs. 39 +/- 6 (P less than 0.025); 12 micrograms, 21 +/- 6 vs. 37 +/- 4 (P less than 0.05); means +/- SEM, microU/ml). Of 16 diabetics who received 12 micrograms Iso, 5 had insulin responses greater than 2 SD below the control mean, while others had responses that spanned the entire range of normal. Seven diabetics also were given iv secretin (150 U). Their insulin responses to secretin correlated with the responses to Iso (r = 0.83, P less than 0.02). Thus, patients with subnormal responses to Iso also had low secretion responses. The abnormalities of acute insulin secretion in diabetics can be explained by a lesion variably affecting islet membrane receptors; some patients may have glucose receptor damage, but intact responses to other stimuli, and others may have more widespread damage affecting beta-adrenergic and secretin responses as well. Alternatively, there may be heterogeneity in adult onset diabetes, as patients with low responses to all stimuli could have a qualitatively different lesion affecting insulin secretory capacity rather than membrane receptors.
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PMID:Mechanisms of impaired acute insulin release in adult onset diabetes: studies with isoproterenol and secretin. 40 Jul 68

The effect of infusing isotonic saline, isotonic and hypertonic glucose, fat emulsion, amino acids. ethanol, and hydrochloric acid into the duodenum on the plasma concentration of immunoreactive secretin was studied in seven normal subjects. Only hydrochloric acid showed any effect. After acidification of the duodenum with hydrochloric acid a significant rise in plasma secretin concentration was observed from 1.3 +/- 0.4 pmol X 1(-1) (mean +/- SEM) to a peak value of 13.0 +/- 1.2 pmol X 1(-1) after 5 min. The concentration returned to the basal level within 15 min. In eight other normal subjects the plasma secretin concentration was measured after the ingestion of a protein-rich meal. No significant changes were observed during the 2 h postprandial period.
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PMID:Plasma secretin concentration in man: effect of intraduodenal glucose, fat, amino acids, ethanol, HCl, or ingestion of a meal. 40 45

Plasma secretin and pancreatic polypeptide has been measured in 10 normal volunteers before and after intraduodenal acidification. Secretin rose rapidly from 1,4 +/- 0,44 to 11,2 +/- 1,24 pmol/l (+/- SEM). PP also rose significantly from 39,0 +/- 3,0 to 52.3 +/- 5,8 pmol (paired p less than 0.01) but much slower and to a lesser extent than seen after a meal. This supports the conclusion that acid plays no important role in control of postprandial PP release.
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PMID:[Effect of duodenal acidification on plasma secretin and pancreatic polypeptide in man (author's transl)]. 52 50

High titer antibodies to secretin were produced in rabbits by immunization with purified porcine secretin (from GIH) conjugated to bovine serum albumin in complete Freund's adjuvant. Synthetic porcine secretin (from Squibb) was radiolabeled with 125I using chloramine-T and radiosecretin was purified using talc-silica and fibrocellulose powder. Specificity of antibodies to secretin was extensively evaluated in studies examining (1) cross-reactivity with other naturally occurring hormones, (2) parellelism of serum dilutions and secretin standards, (3) quantitative recovery of secretin added to serum samples, and (4) changes in circulating immunoreactive secretin in response to intraduodenal acidification. The mean fasting serum secretin concentration in 10 dogs was 65 +/- 5 (SEM) pg per ml and in 21 healthy human volunteers it was 69 +/- 5 pg per ml. In response to intraduodenal instillation of 10 mEq of HCl, portal venous secretin concentrations increased from a mean fasting value of 52 to 450 pg per ml within 2 min; peripheral venous secretin increased from 66 to 229 pg per ml within 5 min. No significant changes in peripheral serum immunoreactive secretin concentrations were identified in dogs after a protein meal. Intravenously administered secretin in man disappeared from the circulation with mean half-life 4.06 +/- 0.82 (SEM) min.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay measurement of secretin half-life in man. 83 Feb 38

The responses of pancreatic volume flow and bicarbonate output to intravenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 0.8 to 3.2 microgram per kg per hr) and synthetic secretin (32.2 to 129 ng per kg per hr) were compared intraindividually in 5 healthy volunteers. Pure pancreatic juice was obtained by endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct. The mean +/- SEM observed maximal response of secretin-stimulated juice flow was 248 +/- 7 microliter per kg per 5 min, whereas the observed maximal response for VIP-evoked juice flow was 48 +/- 6 microliter per kg per 5 min. The observed maximal secretin-induced bicarbonate output was 30 +/- 2 muEq per kg per 5 min, and the maximal VIP-related response was 4.3 +/- 0.9 muEq per kg per 5 min. In addition to low efficacy, high dose requirements, and side effects (significant rise in pulse rate and cutaneous flushing at 3.2 micrograms per kg per hr) argue against a major physiological role of VIP as a hormonal stimulant of human pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.
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PMID:Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a secretin-like partial agonist for pancreatic secretion in man. 89 45

The levels of several regulatory peptides were measured in peripheral plasma samples from individuals with chronic cardiac failure (CCF) and matched controls in both the resting state and during a short period of maximal exercise. Basal levels of noradrenaline (NA; 705 +/- 114 vs 195 +/- 54 ng.l-1; mean +/- SEM; P < 0.05), plasma renin activity (PRA; 12.9 +/- 2.9 vs 2.1 +/- 0.3 ng AI ml-1.h-1; P < 0.05) and aldosterone (ALDO; 325 +/- 49 vs 87 +/- 8 ng.l-1; P < 0.05) were all raised in the patients with CCF, and increased further with exercise. Basal circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were also significantly higher in the CCF group compared to controls (136 +/- 35 vs 27 +/- 5 ng.l-1; P < 0.01), but the response to exercise was attenuated, so that at peak exercise, no significant difference was observed. Basal circulating levels of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) (29 +/- 4 vs 40 +/- 4 ng.l-1; P < 0.05) and secretin (13 +/- 1 vs 32 +/- 4 ng.l-1; P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the CCF group when compared to controls and there was no significant change in the levels of either peptide with exercise. Levels of neurokinin A (NKA), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and neurotensin (NT) were somewhat higher in patients, but the differences were not significant, and there were no changes during exercise. There were also no significant differences in the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), insulin or glucagon in either experimental group both before and during exercise. We have therefore identified different circulating levels of certain regulatory peptides in patients with CCF, but the significance of these remains unclear.
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PMID:Regulatory peptides in the plasma of patients with chronic cardiac failure at rest and during exercise. 139 15

The effect of a bolus intravenous administration of secretin (2.0 U/kg) on resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) was investigated in seven patients with esophageal achalasia. Basal LESP before secretin injection in the patients was 60.1 +/- 3.4 mmHg (Mean +/- SEM), which was significantly higher than 26.9 +/- 2.5 mmHg in normal controls consisting of eight healthy volunteers. LESP significantly decreased within 1 min after the injection both in the patients and the controls. The maximum pressure change from each basal LESP was 31.2 +/- 5.2 mmHg in the patients, which was significantly greater than 12.1 +/- 1.8 mmHg in the controls. The effect of secretin disappeared within 5 min in the controls. The effect in the patients, however, lasted throughout the investigation time of 30 min. It is concluded that secretin has a long-acting effect on muscular relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter in esophageal achalsia patients.
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PMID:Effect of secretin on lower esophageal sphincter pressure in patients with esophageal achalasia. 176 45

This study was undertaken to determine the role of cholecystokinin in pancreatic enzyme secretion stimulated by bombesin and a meal by (a) comparing the pancreatic enzyme output during bombesin infusion and after a meal to output during caerulein infusion and (b) comparing the inhibitory effect of the cholecystokinin-receptor antagonist lorglumide (CR-1409) on enzyme output in response to bombesin and food with the response to caerulein. Bombesin (90 pmol/kg per h) and caerulein (30 pmol/kg per h) were infused into seven dogs in doses giving similar plasma cholecystokinin peak increments as a meal (mean (SEM) 6.8 (0.8), 6.3 (1.2), and 5.7 (0.8) pM, respectively), together with either saline or 2 mg/kg per h of lorglumide. A background infusion of synthetic secretin 20.5 pmol/kg per h was given in each experiment. In addition, gastric acid secretion was determined in the experiments with bombesin and caerulein infusion. Pancreatic protein responses to bombesin (1231 (247) mg/h) and food (1430 (220) mg/h) were similar to the responses to caerulein (1249 (201) mg/h). Lorglumide inhibited pancreatic protein output during stimulation with bombesin by 60%, after the meal by 45%, and during caerulein infusion by 68%. Pancreatic bicarbonate output by bombesin, caerulein, and food was inhibited by lorglumide by 28%, 40%, and 38%, respectively. In contrast, lorglumide significantly increased gastric acid secretion from 1.12 to 7.98 mmol/h during bombesin infusion and from 0.52 to 7.62 mmol/h during caerulein infusion. In conclusion, cholecystokinin plays an important part in the stimulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion by bombesin and a meal in conscious dogs and it is involved in the regulation of gastric acid during stimulation by infusions of caerulein and bombesin.
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PMID:Effect of the cholecystokinin-receptor antagonist lorglumide on pancreatic enzyme secretion stimulated by bombesin, food, and caerulein, giving similar plasma cholecystokinin concentrations in the dog. 186 45

A changed exocrine pancreatic secretion could be a pathogenetic factor of an acute pancreatitis after administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitors. In six conscious dogs with gastric and duodenal Thomas fistulas we studied the effect of an intravenous (iv.) bolus injection of 10 mg enalaprilat, an intraduodenal (id.) bolus injection of 20 and 40 mg enalapril (e.), and 0.15 M NaCl (20 ml iv., resp., id.) on pancreatic bicarbonate- and protein output in response to secretin (20.5 pmol/kg bw/h and caerulein (29.6 pmol/kg bw/h). Arterial blood pressure and heart rate we also measured. The iv. and id. injection of enalapril(at) significantly increased heart rate by 28% after 10 mg of e. iv. [peak 101 +/- 11 beats/min, N = 6, X +/- SEM] and by 13 resp. 37% after 20 resp. 40 mg e. id. [peak 89 +/- 4, resp., 108 +/- 7 beats/min] as compared to control [peak 79 +/- 5 beats/min]. Systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased by 6% after 10 mg e. iv. [lowest value 121 +/- 2 mm Hg] and by 8% and 9% after 20 and 40 mg e. id., respectively, [lowest value 119 +/- 2, resp., 118 +/- 1 mm Hg] as compared to control [lowest value 129 +/- 1 mm Hg]. The applied enalapril(at) doses had no significant effect on hormonal stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate- and protein output. The results confirmed the well known effects of enalapril(at) on heart rate and on arterial blood pressure. Beyond that the results exposed that therapeutical doses of enalapril(at) had no significant effect on exocrine pancreatic secretion. Conclusion of this study is that a pathogenetic role of pancreatic exocrine secretion in the ace-inhibitors and the acute pancreatitis induced by ace-inhibitors is unlikely.
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PMID:[Effect of enalapril on heart rate, arterial blood pressure and exocrine pancreatic secretion in the alert dog]. 223 64


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