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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Quantification of T cell activation after cardiac transplant by measuring serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels daily may give insight into immunologic dynamics after cardiac allograft implantation. It was our hypothesis that this protein would demonstrate a characteristic rise after heart transplant not related to severe rejection that was distinct from a control group, and that this increase could be attenuated with OKT3 therapy. We measured soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels daily for two weeks in 26 patients undergoing orthotopic cardiac transplantation (19 receiving triple therapy immunosuppression with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone, and 7 with OKT3 added days 1 through 5). Interleukin-2 receptor levels for transplant patients were compared with 15 control subjects (14 undergoing bypass surgery and one valve replacement). Mean soluble interleukin-2 receptor level for the entire two-week period was higher for transplants versus controls; 839 +/- 31 U/ml vs. 504 +/- 20 U/ml (mean +/- SEM; P less than .05). Patients receiving OKT3 had a lower level (670 +/- 39 U/ml) than those not (902 +/- 36 U/ml, P less than .05) despite the fact that mean biopsy scores for the observation period were not significantly different. No significant rejection or infection episodes occurred in any patient. These results describe, for the first time, sequential changes in soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels early after heart transplant and demonstrate that the characteristic early rise can be attenuated with short-term OKT3 administration.
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PMID:Dynamics of soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels immediately after heart transplantation. Attenuation of increase by OKT3 therapy. 185 57

The production and targeting of a major T cell derived lymphokine, Interleukin 2 (IL-2), were studied in 23 uremic patients undergoing regular hemodialysis treatment and 20 uremic patients prior to the onset of renal replacement therapy. In hemodialyzed patients, abnormally increased proportions of circulating T cells spontaneously expressing high affinity IL-2 receptors (IL-2 Rec) were detected: they bound a monoclonal antibody specifically directed to the IL-2 Rec 55 kDa chain (Tac antigen) (mean +/- SEM: 7.12 +/- 0.81% in patients vs. 2.15 +/- 0.39% in normal controls, P less than 0.0001) and significantly proliferated in presence of human recombinant IL-2 alone (mean +/- SEM: 5438 +/- 729 cpm in patients vs. 1647 +/- 244 cpm in normal controls). Hemodialyzed patients also exhibited significantly increased serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor (mean +/- SEM: 4036 +/- 947 U/ml in patients vs. 253 +/- 29 U/ml in normal controls. P less than 0.001). Moreover, a significantly decreased IL-2 activity was detected in the supernatants of stimulated T cells from hemodialyzed patients (mean +/- SEM: 0.93 +/- 0.12 U/ml in patients vs. 2.49 +/- 0.22 U/ml in normal controls, P less than 0.0001). In nine hemodialyzed patients who were analyzed before and immediately after the hemodialysis session no acute modifications of the various parameters analyzed were detected. Although less profound, a similar pattern of T cell abnormalities was observed in the uremic non-hemodialyzed patients studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:In vivo T cell preactivation in chronic uremic hemodialyzed and non-hemodialyzed patients. 268 33

The immune dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is complex and cannot be explained solely on the basis of numerical depletion of T lymphocytes. Inappropriate, uncontrolled activation of the immune system may be involved. In a test of this hypothesis, five HIV-infected children were prospectively treated with prednisone and selected immunologic and virologic indices were analyzed. Subjects had marked T lymphopenia (CD4+ T lymphocytes < 500 cells/ml) and antigenemia (serum p24 antigen > 30 pg/ml) and were free of opportunistic infections. There was a significant drop in serum p24 antigen concentrations from baseline (60.2 +/- 10.1% SEM; P < 0.005) 4 weeks after initiation of prednisone, which returned to baseline concentrations as the prednisone was tapered. Concomitant with this decrease, there was decreased expression of cell surface activation markers (HLA-DR, CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor) and CD26 (Ta-1)) in peripheral T lymphocytes. There was no significant change in either T lymphocyte subset numbers or mitogen and antigen-specific lymphoproliferation. A regulatory dysfunction of the immune system, allowing inappropriate activation of T lymphocytes, may be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV disease, and further studies involving selective immunosuppression in HIV disease are warranted.
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PMID:Immunologic and virologic effects of glucocorticoids on human immunodeficiency virus infection in children: a preliminary study. 790 39

We evaluated whether serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R), a marker of T lymphocyte activation in vivo, could be useful to monitor disease activity in asthma. Venous blood was collected from 26 patients with acute severe asthma prior to the commencement of systemic corticosteroid therapy (day 1), 15 with stable disease, and 13 normal control subjects. Serum sIL-2R level was significantly higher in acute asthma (462.7 +/- 36.1 U/ml; mean +/- SEM) than stable disease (328.5 +/- 30.4 U/ml, p = 0.013) which in turn, was significantly raised when compared with control subjects (239.0 +/- 22.9 U/ml; p = 0.0003 vs acute; p = 0.036 vs stable). Nevertheless, sIL-2R concentrations in 11 patients with acute and 11 with stable disease did not exceed the upper limit of normal, ie, mean +.2 SD of the value in control subjects = 404.4 U/ml. Repeated measurements of sIL-2R in 24 acute asthmatics on day 3 revealed no significant fall (464.6 +/- 37.2 U/ml, NS), although the reduction in sIL-2R was significantly correlated with the corresponding improvement in peak expiratory flow (r = -0.52, p = 0.005). Following resolution of the acute attack, further measurements performed in 11 of these subjects on day 28 showed a significant fall in sIL-2R (p = 0.016). Our data showed that although serum sIL-2R was raised in asthma and, to a certain extent, might reflect disease activity, the considerable overlap of values between asthma of differing severity and normal control subjects precludes its clinical use as an index of asthma severity.
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PMID:Serum concentration of soluble interleukin 2 receptors in asthma. Correlation with disease activity. 809 48

Following lymphocyte activation a soluble form of TAC antigen is released. This soluble molecule (soluble interleukin-2 receptor, SIL-2R) seems to corresponds to a truncated extracellular part of the membrane-bound TAC antigen, being smaller than its cellular counterpart. SIL-2R was determined and correlated with PMN elastase levels in the seminal plasma of 79 adult men having different concentrations of PMN elastase (0-700 micrograms/L). The normal level of SIL-2R was detected in the seminal plasma of 15 healthy men. The mean +/- SEM was 101 +/- 29 units/mL. The relation between PMN elastase in human seminal plasma as an index for the state of lymphocyte activity and the sperm motility is also investigated.
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PMID:Determination of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in human seminal plasma. 842 May 1

One distinctive effect on T-cell development was analyzed by selectively increasing serum prolactin (PRL) concentration in thymus-grafted congenitally athymic nude mice and by neutralizing PRL in suspension cultures of thymus from 1-day-old neonatal mice. Flow cytometric analysis of single-positive CD4+ and CD8+ cells derived from inguinal lymph nodes revealed a CD4/CD8 cell ratio of 2.2 +/- 0.18 (mean +/- SEM) in thymus-grafted nude mice that is similar to the ratio for immune-competent BALB/c mice (2.0 +/- 0.06). Addition of the pituitary to thymus-grafted nude mice significantly elevated serum PRL (P < 0.005) and increased the CD4/CD8 cell ratio (2.8 +/- 0.12; P < 0.005), demonstrating preferential stimulation of CD4+ cell development. T cells in nude mice receiving sham (submandibular salivary gland) or pituitary grafts alone were below detectable levels. Suspension cultures of neonatal thymus treated with anti-mouse PRL antiserum resulted in 20% and 30% decreases in double-positive CD4+8+ thymocytes and thymocyte viability, respectively. A 10-fold increase in double-negative CD4-8- thymocytes expressing the interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain, CD25, was also observed concurrently. Our findings illustrate an important way in which PRL may participate in two interrelated mechanisms: the regulation of peripheral single-positive cells and the maintenance of thymocyte viability during the double-positive stage of intrathymic differentiation.
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PMID:Prolactin increases CD4/CD8 cell ratio in thymus-grafted congenitally athymic nude mice. 863 34

The hypotheses tested in this study were that during acute asthma exacerbations (1) exhaled nitric oxide concentrations [eNO] are a more sensitive, noninvasive indicator of asthma disease activity than serum markers of inflammation such as eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) or soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2R), and (2) elevated [eNO] are reduced after treatment with glucocorticoids (GC). Peak eNO levels were measured by chemiluminescence during slow expiration. Seven asthmatic subjects (mean age 11 yrs; mean morning FEV1 65% predicted) receiving inhaled GC, and with no radiographic evidence of acute sinusitis, were studied before and after a course of oral GC. Measurements of [eNO], ECP and sIL2R levels, and FEV1% were obtained before and after a course of GC. Six atopic nonasthmatic subjects (mean age 12 years; mean FEV1 94% predicted) and seven normal subjects (mean age 13 years; mean FEV1 100% predicted) were studied. The mean peak [eNO] level (parts per billion: ppb) for the asthma subjects before treatment (52 +/- 5 ppb SEM) was greater than the value for both nonasthmatic atopic and normal subjects (16 +/- 2 ppb and 14 +/- 2 ppb SEM, respectively; P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in ECP or sIL2R values between asthmatic subjects and either atopic or normal subjects (P > 0.05). Baseline pre-GC treatment ECP levels in the asthmatic subjects were significantly higher (P < 0.002) than post-GC treatment values. The mean peak [eNO] level in the asthmatic subjects declined after oral GC treatment to 14 +/- 1 ppb (P < 0.0002) and was less than 2 ppb different from either control group (P > 0.75). We conclude that [eNO] is a more sensitive marker of asthma disease activity than ECP and sIL2R levels. In addition, [eNO] appears to be a more useful indicator of the beneficial response to GC therapy than these other measurements in pediatric asthma.
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PMID:Comparison of exhaled nitric oxide, serum eosinophilic cationic protein, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in exacerbations of pediatric asthma. 940 62

We investigated the prognostic significance of soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2r) levels in the pre- and post-treatment serum of paediatric patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Serum levels of sIL-2r from 32 LCH patients and 14 healthy controls were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The LCH patients were classified, evaluated and treated according to the Histiocyte Society's protocols. The following clinical stages were considered: single-system disease (A) divided into single-site (A1; n=4), multiple-site (A2; n=9), and multisystem disease (B) without organ dysfunction (B1; n=5) and with organ dysfunction (B2; n=14). Pretreatment concentrations of sIL-2r were markedly increased at diagnosis in LCH patients compared with controls [in pg/ml, median (range) 9200 (1124-40000) versus 610 (343-800)], P < 0.0001. Levels differed significantly between stages A [3250 (1124-11000)] and B [22750 (3400-40000)], P < 0.05, and between substages A2 and B2, P < 0.05. There was a significant correlation between clinical stages and sIL-2r serum levels, r=0.7996 (P < 0.0001). Patients with > or = 17500 pg/ml of sIL-2r had a 30-month survival of 0.417 (SEM: 0.142) compared with those with levels < 17500 pg/ml, who presented a 30-month survival of 0.848 (SEM: 0.100) (log-rank, P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, sIL-2r levels > or = 17500 pg/ml were found to have greater predictive strength than other well-known prognostic factors.
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PMID:Prognostic value of soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. 1191 33

Interleukin 2 (IL2) has well recognized pleiotropic effects on the activation, differentiation and proliferation of lymphoreticular cells, mediated via its specific membrane-bound receptors, but its effect on human solid tumour cells is poorly characterised. This study has used the A549 tumour cell line, derived from a human lung carcinoma, to demonstrate the presence of the interleukin 2 receptors (p70/75 beta and/or p55 alpha components) and to document functional activity. Immunohistochemical techniques demonstrated large amounts of the p70/75 beta chain of the interleukin 2 receptor, which is necessary for IL2 internalization, receptor signal transduction and mediation of the biological effects of IL2. In contrast, the p55 alpha chain was detected minimally and sparsely. In addition we documented the presence of IL2 in the nucleus of the A549 cells. The addition of exogenous rIL2 (10-500 IU/ml), to the culture medium of A549 cells over 48 hours resulted in a significant stimulation of DNA synthesis, as assessed by tritiated thymidine uptake. The results were; 9335+/-365, 12669+/-271, 12889+/-255, 19448+/-1427, 20189+/-1004 and 22586+/-1334 CPM, at 0 IU/ml, 10 IU/ml, 50 IU/ml, 100 IU/ml, 250 IU/ml and 500 IU/ml, respectively (means+/-SEM), and were significantly increased when compared with control cultures, p<0.001). These results may have important implications in our understanding of tumour-host interactions and in future strategies involving immunotherapy.
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PMID:Expression of the intermediate affinity interleukin-2 receptor by a human solid tumor-cell line - evidence for functional-activity. 2155 63