Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pramlintide delays gastric emptying, possibly by a centrally mediated mechanism. Our aim was to determine whether the effects of pramlintide on gastric emptying differ in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who had no history of complications. Using a randomized, three-period, two-dose, crossover design, we studied the effects of 0, 30, or 60 microg t.i.d. pramlintide subcutaneously for 5 days each in six type 1 and six type 2 diabetic subjects. Gastric emptying of solids was measured by 13C-Spirulina breath test. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) response to the test meal was also measured. Relative to placebo [t 50% 91 +/- 6 min (means +/- SEM)], pramlintide equally delayed gastric emptying following 30 or 60 microg t.i.d. (268 +/- 37 min, 329 +/- 49 min, respectively; P < 0.01]. Postprandial HPP levels were lower in response to 30 and 60 microg pramlintide compared to placebo. There were no significant differences in the effects on gastric emptying or HPP levels between type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects. Pramlintide delays gastric emptying in diabetes unassociated with clinically detected complications. Further studies are needed in diabetic patients with impaired gastric motor function.
 ...
PMID:Effects of pramlintide, an amylin analogue, on gastric emptying in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. 1197 12

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important hypothalamic-derived neuropeptides mediating the effects of leptin on energy homeostasis. Central administration of NPY not only markedly stimulates food intake, but simultaneously inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT axis), replicating the central hypothyroid state associated with fasting. To identify the specific NPY receptor subtypes involved in the action of NPY on the HPT axis, we studied the effects of the highly selective Y1 ([Phe7,Pro34]pNPY) and Y5 ([chicken pancreatic polypeptide(1-7), NPY(19-23), Ala31, Aib32 (aminoisobutyric acid), Q34]human pancreatic polypeptide) receptor agonists on circulating thyroid hormone levels and proTRH mRNA in hypophysiotropic neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The peptides were administered continuously by osmotic minipump into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) over 3 d in ad libitum-fed animals and animals pair-fed to artificial CSF (aCSF)-infused controls. Both Y1 and Y5 receptor agonists nearly doubled food intake compared with that of control animals receiving aCSF, similar to the effect observed for NPY. NPY, Y1, and Y5 receptor agonist administration suppressed circulating levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulted in inappropriately normal or low TSH levels. These alterations were also associated with significant suppression of proTRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus, particularly in the Y1 receptor agonist-infused group [aCSF, NPY, Y1, and Y5 (density units +/- SEM), 97.2 +/- 8.6, 39.6 +/- 8.4, 19.9 +/- 1.9, and 44.6 +/- 8.4]. No significant differences in thyroid hormone levels, TSH, or proTRH mRNA were observed between the agonist-infused FSanimals eating ad libitum and the agonist-infused animals pair-fed with vehicle-treated controls. These data confirm the importance of both Y1 and Y5 receptors in the NPY-mediated increase in food consumption and demonstrate that both Y1 and Y5 receptors can mediate the inhibitory effects of NPY on the HPT axis.
 ...
PMID:Neuropeptide Y1 and Y5 receptors mediate the effects of neuropeptide Y on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. 1244 77

Expression of peptide YY (PYY) in the human brain and pituitary tissues was studied by radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The polyclonal antibody raised against human PYY(1-36) in a rabbit was used in the assay, which showed 100% cross-reactivity with PYY(3-36) and no significant cross-reactivity with other peptides including neuropeptide Y and pancreatic polypeptide. The highest concentration of immunoreactive PYY was found in the hypothalamus (0.44+/-0.060 pmol/g of wet weight, mean +/- SEM, n=8), followed by the pituitary (0.41+/-0.16 pmol/g of wet weight, n=3). Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography of tissue extracts of human rectum and cortical brain showed a peak eluted in the position of authentic PYY(1-36) and PYY(3-36). Immunocytochemistry showed positive immunostaining for PYY in neurons of the paraventricular, arcuate, and supraoptic nuclei of the human hypothalamus. Moreover, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed expression of mRNA for PYY in human brain and pituitary tissues. The present study has shown for the first time expression of PYY in the human brain and pituitary tissues, suggesting a role for PYY as a neurotransmitter, in the neuroendocrine physiology, such as regulation of appetite and energy expenditure and modulation of pituitary hormone secretion.
 ...
PMID:Expression of peptide YY in human brain and pituitary tissues. 1866 57

Polyglycerol sebacate (PGS) scaffolds obtained using a leaching technique were modified with iodine-doped polypyrrole (PPy-I) in a plasma reactor in order to study the effect of exposure time on the cell viability of hDPSCs. SEM analysis showed the formation and growth of PPy-I particles as the exposure time was increased, while FTIR and XPS analysis revealed the presence of -NH- and N+ groups in the chemical composition of the surfaces, relating to the increase in the amount of PPY-I particles. The water contact angle measurements showed an increase in the scaffold's hydrophilicity with greater exposure times which was also attributed to the rising of PPy-I particles. It was also observed that PPy-I promotes the rigidity of the treated PGS scaffolds. when in direct contact with treated PGS scaffolds, cell viability improved with respect to non-treated scaffolds, however only at shorter time exposures. Extracts of plasma-treated PGS scaffolds showed high cytotoxicity as the time exposure to plasma treatment was increased.
 ...
PMID:Effect of different exposure times on physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of PGS scaffolds treated with plasma of iodine-doped polypyrrole. 3265 35


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5