Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma growth hormone measured at 20-min intervals across the night via indwelling venous cannula revealed a significant reduction in 16 healthy aged men as compared with 14 healthy young men. The decrease in growth hormone was entirely confined to the first 3 hours of the night (M +/- SEM for the integrated level was 5.0 +/- 1.2 and 21 +/- 4.2 ng . hr/ml). Growth hormone across the latter part of the night did not differ. Day and evening growth hormone levels measured hourly in five of the aged and nine of the young men failed to reveal an age effect. Growth hormone release is known to be associated with sleep onset, and particularly with slow wave sleep, stage 3 and 4, which was reduced in amount in these aged men (9.9 +/- 1.9 and 22.8 +/- 2.3% of time in bed for aged and young groups, respectively). Sleep stage 3 and 4 correlated significantly with growth hormone level (R = .463, p less than .01) for young and aged men combined, but not for either age group alone, indicating that growth hormone does not have a direct, simple relationship with slow wave sleep.
 ...
PMID:Plasma growth hormone during sleep in young and aged men. 668 35

Kidney function and size were studied in seven normal male subjects before and after administration of highly purified human growth hormone for 1 week. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow (steady-state infusion technique with urinary collections using 125I-iothalamate and 131I-hippuran) kidney size (ultrasonic scanning) and urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin (radioimmunoassays) were measured. Highly purified growth hormone was injected subcutaneously, 2 IU in the morning and 4 IU in the evening. Glomerular filtration rate increased from (mean +/- SEM) 114 +/- 5 to 125 +/- 4 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (P less than 0.01) and renal plasma flow increased from 554 +/- 30 to 601 +/- 36 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (P less than 0.01). Kidney size and urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin did not change significantly. Our results show that raising plasma growth hormone into a range similar to that found in insulin-dependent diabetics enhances glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, while kidney size remains unchanged. Increased renal plasma flow is the major determinant of growth hormone induced elevation in glomerular filtration rate. Growth hormone may thus contribute to the enhancement of glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow typically found in insulin-dependent diabetics.
 ...
PMID:Kidney function and size in normal subjects before and during growth hormone administration for one week. 680 Aug 24

The effect of alpha-adrenergic stimulation by IV adrenaline and propranolol infusion upon basal insulin and growth hormone secretion was studied in six chronic alcoholics during alcohol withdrawal, two alcoholics recently admitted to hospital with alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia and twelve healthy subjects. In all healthy subjects a decline in basal insulin (mean +/- SEM decremental area 166 +/- 19) and an increase in growth hormone (mean +/- SEM incremental area 527 +/- 164) was found. In the two alcoholics admitted to hospital with alcohol hypoglycaemia, no consistent change occurred in basal insulin and basal growth hormone concentrations during alpha-adrenergic stimulation. In the other alcoholics a decrease in basal insulin (mean +/- SEM decremental area 91 +/- 13.5) was found, but this decrease was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than in healthy subjects. Growth hormone did not change significantly in these alcoholics. It is concluded that disturbances in the alpha-adrenergic modulation of basal insulin and growth hormone secretions are common in alcoholics in a withdrawal state. The implication of this finding for the occurrence of alcohol-induced hypoglycaemic coma is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Disturbed alpha-adrenergic modulation of insulin and growth hormone secretion in chronic alcoholics. 698 94

Animals studies have demonstrated that in addition to inhibiting growth hormone (GH) secretion octreotide inhibits in a direct manner hepatic or peripheral insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) generation. To test this hypothesis in humans we studied ten GH-deficient patients with frequent blood sampling during 38 h on two occasions. Regular GH therapy was discontinued 72 h prior to each study period. At the start of each study a subcutaneous (sc) injection of GH (3 IU/m2) was given (at 18.00 h). In a single-blinded crossover design, patients received a continuous sc infusion of either octreotide (200 micrograms/24 h) or placebo (saline). The pharmacokinetics of GH were similar on the two occasions. The area under the curve +/- SEM of serum GH was 142.5 +/- 53.6 micrograms.l-1 x h-1 (octreotide) and 144.8 +/- 41.8 micrograms.l-1 x h-1 (placebo), (p = 0.73); Cmax (microgram/l) was 12.5 +/- 1.47 (octreotide) and 12.8 +/- 1.42 (placebo) (p = 0.83), and Tmax (h) was 6.1 +/- 0.97 (octreotide) and 5.2 +/- 0.65 (placebo) (p = 0.49). Growth hormone administration was associated with an increase in serum IGF-I (microgram/l), which was identical during the two studies, from 85.3 +/- 19.4 to 174.25 +/- 30.3 for octreotide and from 97.0 +/- 26.4 to 158.8 +/- 28.2 for placebo. Mean IGF-I levels (microgram/l) were 138.2 +/- 25.1 (octreotide) and 134.5 +/- 28.6 (placebo) (p = 0.78). Similarly, the increase in IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels was identical. Mean IGFBP-3 levels (microgram/l) were 2303 +/- 323 (octreotide) and 2200 +/- 361 (placebo) (p = 0.25).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effects of octreotide on insulin-like growth factor I and metabolic indices in growth hormone-treated growth hormone-deficient patients. 750 70

Growth hormone (GH) secretion in response to all provocative stimuli is decreased in patients with obesity. Recently, we found that the combined administration of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and the hexapeptide GH-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) induced a large increase in plasma GH levels. To gain further insight into the disrupted mechanism of GH regulation in obesity, we investigated whether the inhibition of somatostatinergic tone with pyridostigmine could further increase the GH response to combined administration of GHRH and GHRP-6. In normal subjects, administration of GHRH plus GHRP-6 induced a marked increase in plasma GH with a peak at 30 minutes (mean +/- SEM, 76.7 +/- 9.7 micrograms/L), which was similar to that obtained after pretreatment with pyridostigmine (74.7 +/- 9.4 micrograms/L). In obese patients, combined administration of GHRH plus GHRP-6 induced a clear increase in GH secretion with a peak at 15 minutes of 42.2 +/- 10.0 micrograms/L, which was also unaffected after pretreatment with pyridostigmine (38.4 +/- 5.8 micrograms/L). The GH response was lower in obese patients than in controls as assessed by the area under the curve after administration of both GHRH plus GHRP-6 (1,846 +/- 396 v 4,773 +/- 653, P < .01) and pyridostigmine plus GHRH plus GHRP-6 (1,989 +/- 372 v 5,098 +/- 679, P < .005). In conclusion, these data suggest that GHRP-6 can behave as a functional somatostatin antagonist, and that somatotrope responsiveness to the combined administration of GHRH plus GHRP-6 is largely independent of somatostatinergic tone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effect of combined administration of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone, GH-releasing peptide-6, and pyridostigmine in normal and obese subjects. 778 58

Disorders of the cardiovascular system often are associated with alterations in the metabolism of the collagens of these tissues. A method for in vivo determination of collagen deposition rate in small tissue samples is delineated and used for assessment of the effect of biosynthetic growth hormone (GH) injections on the collagen deposition rate in rat aorta and cardiac musculature. Rats were injected with GH, and the controls with saline, twice daily for 7 days. The in vivo collagen deposition rate was measured by injecting iv a large dose of [3H]-proline with a flooding dose of "cold" proline, followed by determination of the production of [3H]-hydroxyproline during a 4-h labelling period. Extractable collagens that were not bound in the tissue and therefore do not contribute mechanical strength to it were removed from the samples. 3H-Labelled- and "cold" amino acids were assessed by reversed-phase HPLC combined with simultaneous flow scintillation detection on the same sample. In the control group the deposition per hour was 0.13 +/- 0.02% (mean +/- SEM) in aortic intima media and 0.72 +/- 0.09% in cardiac left ventricular musculature. Growth hormone induced a threefold increase (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) in the collagen deposition rate: 0.45 +/- 0.06% in aortic intima media and 2.43 +/- 0.45% in cardiac left ventricular musculature. The method described enables a rapid and sensitive determination of collagen deposition per hour in small tissue samples from experimental animals. The collagen deposition rate of cardiac musculature is fivefold higher compared with that of aortic intima media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Biosynthetic growth hormone increases the collagen deposition rate in rat aorta and heart. 785 38

Having noted symptomatic osteoporotic vertebral collapse in young adult survivors of childhood malignancy, bone mineral density (BMD) was examined at three sites by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 64 patients treated in childhood for intracranial malignancy (group 1; n = 21) or acute leukaemia (group 2; n = 43). Patients in group 1 were selected for growth hormone deficiency (GHD) by auxological and biochemical criteria before the end of puberty (Tanner stage V). Seven patients (six men; mean (+/- SEM) age at study, 28.0 +/- 2.9 years; mean age at diagnosis, 8.7 +/- 1.5 years) in this group had been treated with human pituitary growth hormone (GH) for 1-12 years; and 14 patients (nine men; mean age at study, 26.8 +/- 1.0 years; mean age at diagnosis, 10.7 +/- 1.4 years) had not received GH. Bone densities in group 1 were normal in the GH-treated patients at the femoral neck (98.4 +/- 3.8% of control), lumbar spine (100.4 +/- 6.1% of control) and Ward's triangle (101.0 +/- 6.1% of control) but markedly reduced in the untreated group (femoral neck, 81.2 +/- 2.6% of control (p = 0.002); lumbar spine, 79.1 +/- 4.1% of control (p = 0.04); Ward's triangle, 80.1 +/- 3.6% of control (p = 0.01)). The majority of patients in group 2 had been treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and were in three subgroups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Bone mineralization after treatment of growth hormone deficiency in survivors of childhood malignancy. 794 25

Acute administration of glucocorticoids is a recently described stimulus for growth hormone secretion. The aim of the present study was the assessment of dexamethasone-induced growth hormone secretion in obese children. Dexamethasone iv tests were carried out in 14 normal control and 8 obese children. Growth hormone was measured by radioimmunoassay up to 5 h after dexamethasone administration. Dexamethasone elicited clear growth hormone secretion in normal children (mean peak 12.3 +/- 1.6; area under the curve 682.3 +/- 74.3). In the obese children, dexamethasone induced a slight but significant (p < 0.01) increase in growth hormone over basal values. However, the growth hormone response in this group was significantly lower than in the normal controls, when comparing both mean peak (5.5 +/- 2.3, mean +/- SEM) (p < 0.01) and area under the curve (306.8 +/- 44.5) (p < 0.001).
 ...
PMID:Decreased growth hormone response to dexamethasone stimulation test in obese children. 819 58

Follicular fluid samples and oocytes were obtained from 75 women (87 cycles), who participated in an assisted conception programme. Determinations of the concentration of oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and growth hormone were performed in all follicular fluid samples. Patients were stimulated with the following regimes: group A (24 cycles, 94 samples), human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) (three ampoules/day) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG); group B (23 cycles, 53 samples), HMG/HCG with prednisolone (7.5 mg/day) after cycle programming with oral contraceptives; group C (40 cycles, 60 samples), buserelin with HMG/HCG. Oestradiol concentrations (mean +/- SEM) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group A (320.1 +/- 27.3 ng/ml) and those of growth hormone in both groups A and C (3.8 +/- 0.2 and 3.2 +/- 0.15 ng/ml, respectively), as compared to the other groups, whereas progesterone and testosterone concentrations were similar in all groups. The mean concentrations of oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and growth hormone were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in follicular fluid with oocytes of intermediate maturity than with mature oocytes (382.5 ng/ml, 7847.5 ng/ml, 1704.5 ng/dl and 3.7 ng/ml versus 217.8 ng/ml, 5488.4 ng/ml, 1313.6 ng/dl and 2.7 ng/ml, respectively). On the other hand, only oestradiol concentrations were significantly higher in follicular fluid of fertilized compared to non-fertilized oocytes. Concentrations of the other hormones analysed, except growth hormone, were similar in follicular fluid from pregnant and non-pregnant women after assisted reproduction. Growth hormone, on the other hand, was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in follicular fluid from pregnant compared to non-pregnant women (2.8 versus 3.5 ng/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Growth hormone, oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone concentrations in follicular fluid after ovarian stimulation with various regimes for assisted reproduction. 830 Aug 15

We studied the efficacy and tolerability of a repeatable long-acting parenteral depot-bromocriptine preparation (Parlodel LAR) in 14 acromegalic patients, 10 of whom had received oral bromocriptine therapy previously, 2 of them showing intolerance to oral bromocriptine. Patients received i.m. injections of 50-100 mg depot-bromocriptine at 4-week intervals for 3-24 months (median 6). Growth hormone profiles were assessed by four daily samples at 4-week intervals. Main daily growth hormone levels decreased from 52.1 +/- 12.3 micrograms/l (mean +/- SEM) to 19.4 +/- 4.7 micrograms/l on the day of injection. In 6 patients, growth hormone values were lowered by more than 50%, whereas IGF-I levels decreased only slightly and growth hormone values during the oral glucose tolerance test remained non-suppressible. Tumour sizes were not affected. Two women became pregnant and were delivered of healthy babies. Side-effects typical of bromocriptine occurred frequently on the days of injection and diminished in most patients after 2 months of therapy despite increasing dosage. Compared with previous oral bromocriptine therapy, 9 of 10 patients preferred the depot preparation, whereas the reduction of growth hormone levels was similar during both treatments. In conclusion, depot-bromocriptine should be considered for acromegalic patients intolerant to oral bromocriptine.
 ...
PMID:Long-term treatment of acromegalic patients with repeatable parenteral depot-bromocriptine. 837 48


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>