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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum levels of bioactive luteinizing hormone (LH), immunoreactive LH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone were determined in eleven anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) before and after laparoscopic ovarian cautery. Before treatment, the mean +/- SEM levels of bioactive and immunoreactive LH and testosterone were 53.1 +/- 7.9 mIU/ml, 35.2 +/- 3.9 mIU/ml, and 1.14 +/- 0.13 ng/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of five control women (19.2 +/- 1.6 mIU/ml, 21.4 +/- 1.2 mIU/ml, 0.28 +/- 0.03 ng/ml). After treatment, the mean levels of these hormones decreased significantly, ten women ovulated spontaneously and four conceived. The present results suggests that decreases in the levels of these hormones by laparoscopic ovarian cautery in women with PCOS may result in both restoration of the ovulatory cycle and the achievement of pregnancy.
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PMID:Electrocautery in polycystic ovary syndrome. 212 80

Twenty-one nulliparous oligomenorrheic women with polycystic ovaries, complaining of infertility (mean duration 6 years) refractory to medical treatment, underwent laparoscopic ovarian diathermy. Eleven had adhesions and/or endometriosis. Regular ovulatory cycles ensued in 17 women (81%). In 9 responders there was a transient rise in mean follicle-stimulating hormone from 5.0 +/- 0.4 (standard error of the mean [SEM]) to 6.7 +/- 0.5 mIU/mL on postoperative day 1 and a fall in testosterone from 2.6 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 nmol/L by day 8. Luteinizing hormone fell from 19 +/- 1.2 to 10.4 +/- 1.2 mIU/mL by the follicular phase of the next cycle. Eleven women have conceived 13 pregnancies; 3 miscarried, 7 were delivered at term and 3 are ongoing. Ovarian diathermy is a useful option in women with polycystic ovaries complaining of refractory anovulatory infertility.
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PMID:Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy in the management of anovulatory infertility in women with polycystic ovaries: endocrine changes and clinical outcome. 213 36

The serum levels of bioactive luteinizing hormone (LH), immunoreactive LH, follicle-stimulating hormone, androstenedione (A), and testosterone (T) were determined in nine anovulatory women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) before and after laparoscopic ovarian cautery. Eight ovulated spontaneously and three conceived after treatment. Before treatment, the mean (+/- SEM) levels of bioactive LH, immunoreactive LH, A, and T were 51.4 +/- 8.6 mIU/mL, 36.0 +/- 4.5 mIU/mL, 1.98 +/- 0.35 ng/mL, and 1.18 +/- 0.13 ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of five control women (19.2 +/- 1.6 mIU/mL, 21.4 +/- 1.2 mIU/mL, 0.54 +/- 0.03 ng/mL, 0.28 +/- 0.03 ng/mL). After treatment, the mean levels of these hormones had significantly decreased. Decreases in the levels of these hormones by laparoscopic ovarian cautery in women with PCOS may result in both restoration of the ovulatory cycle and achievement of pregnancy.
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PMID:Changes of bioactive luteinizing hormone after laparoscopic ovarian cautery in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. 213 70

Breast cyst fluids from 118 women, aged 29 to 69 years, were analyzed by radioimmunoassays for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Blood was drawn at the same time in many cases to compare hormonal levels in serum with those in the breast cyst fluids (BCF). The levels of beta-hCG in BCF were relatively high, with a mean (+/- standard error of the mean [SEM]) of 58.9 +/- 16.8 mIU/ml; serum levels of beta-hCG were negligible. LH and TSH also were elevated in BCF compared with serum levels, exhibiting mean values (+/- SEM) of 26.7 +/- 4.3 mIU/ml and 6.4 +/- 0.44 muIU/ml, respectively. The levels of FSH and PRL in BCF were equivalent to the levels in the serum. The presence of biologically active hCG was suggested in several BCF samples using the rat ovarian hyperemia test. Samples of BCF were assessed for the capacity to stimulate Leydig cell testosterone production in vitro in the presence or absence of an anti-hLH antiserum. Testosterone production was significantly (P less than 0.05) enhanced, even in the presence of the antiserum. These data suggest that BCF contains biologically active hCG.
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PMID:Fibrocystic breast disease: the significance of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and other polypeptides in breast cyst fluid. 245 Jul 89

Prepubertal (28-30 days old) female rats were infused s.c. over a 60-h period with a purified porcine pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation having FSH specific activity 8.4 times that of NIH-FSH-S1 and luteinizing hormone (LH) specific activity less than 0.005 times that of NIH-LH-S1, based on radioreceptor assays. When the FSH infusion rate of this preparation was increased over the range of 0.5-2 units/day (mg NIH-FSH-S1 equivalent), an all-or-none response was observed, with the threshold dose for superovulation being between 1 and 2 units/day. Eleven of twelve rats receiving the 2 units/day dose ovulated a mean +/- SEM of 67 +/- 8 oocytes on the morning of the third day after the beginning of FSH infusion. Addition of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), as a source of LH activity, to a subthreshold (1 U/day) FSH infusion rate resulted in 20% of rats ovulating at an hCG dosage of 50 mIU/day; increasing the hCG infusion to 200 mIU/day concomitant with the subthreshold FSH infusion rate increased ovulation rate to a mean of 69 +/- 8/rat, with 100% of rats ovulating. To determine the effect of varying both FSH infusion rates and LH:FSH ratios, FSH was infused at several rates, with hCG added to give varying hCG:FSH ratios for each FSH infusion rate. Administration of hCG alone was ineffective in causing ovulation except at the highest infusion rates. Adding hCG to FSH to reach a ratio of 0.2 IU hCG/U FSH significantly increased the superovulatory response to an intermediate, 1 U/day FSH dose, but not to the low, 0.5 U/day dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Bimodal effects of luteinizing hormone and role of androgens in modifying superovulatory responses of rats to infusion with purified porcine follicle-stimulating hormone. 250 69

An important factor influencing the pregnancy rate after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) appears to be the number of embryos transferred to the uterus. In this study, the influence of oocyte maturity and embryo quality on pregnancy rate was assessed in patients undergoing IVF-ET. Ovarian hyperstimulation was performed by human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG [n = 29]), clomiphene citrate (CC)/hMG (n = 81), and hMG/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH [n = 13]) protocols. Oocyte maturity was graded on a scale from 1 to 5 based on the morphology of the ooplasm, cumulus mass, corona radiata, and membrana granulosa cells. Embryos were graded according to the symmetry of the blastomeres and the presence or absence of fragmentation. Mature preovulatory oocytes yielded the highest fertilization rates. No differences were found among the protocols in terms of fertilization rate, embryo quality, or pregnancy rate. When all protocols were combined, patients who conceived had a significantly higher number of embryos transferred than those who did not conceive (3.6 +/- 0.1 [mean = SEM] versus 2.7 +/- 0.1). When embryo quality was compared, there was no difference in the number of "B" embryos transferred between patients who conceived and those who did not (1.2 +/- 0.2 versus 1.2 +/- 0.1), but the patients who conceived had significantly more "A" embryos transferred (1.6 +/- 0.3 versus 0.8 +/- 0.1). These data suggest that the treatment protocol did not determine embryo quality. Furthermore, the increase in pregnancy rates seen with an increase in embryos transferred is the result of the transfer of more "A" embryos.
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PMID:The influence of oocyte maturity and embryo quality on pregnancy rate in a program for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. 250 52

We have investigated the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia may cause the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) by directly stimulating gonadal steroidogenesis and/or gonadotropin secretion. 10 insulin-resistant women with PCO and 5 age- and weight-matched ovulatory normal women had pulsatile gonadotropin release, gonadotrope sensitivity to gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and sex hormone levels studied on two consecutive study days, basally and during the infusion of insulin (mean +/- SEM steady state insulin levels, 1,254 +/- 63 microU/ml PCO vs. 907 +/- 92 microU/ml normal, P less than or equal to 0.01). Insulin acutely increased mean delta (6 h minus prestudy) levels of androstenedione (A) (P less than or equal to 0.001) and estradiol (E2) (P less than or equal to 0.05) and decreased mean plasma pool (0-6 h) levels of testosterone (T) (P less than 0.05), nonsex hormone binding globulin-bound T (P less than 0.05), and dihydrotestosterone (P less than or equal to 0.01) in the PCO women. Insulin also decreased mean plasma 6 h A to estrone (E1) ratios and increased 6 h E1 levels (both P less than or equal to 0.05) in the PCO women. There were significant sequence effects (insulin + day) in the PCO women on T/E2 ratios, indicating a carryover action of insulin. Insulin had no effects on gonadotropin release in the PCO women. In the normal women, the only significant change was an insulin or study day effect that increased mean 6 h E2 levels (P less than or equal to 0.01). There were significant spontaneous decreases in mean luteinizing hormone (p less than 0.05) and follicle-stimulating hormone levels (p less than or equal to 0.01) in the PCO but not the normal women on the second day of study. This study indicates that insulin can directly alter peripheral sex hormone levels independent of changes in gonadotropin release in insulin-resistent PCO women. Insulin decreased the levels of potent androgens in PCO women and did not increase androgen levels in normal women, arguing against a simple, direct causal relationship between hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism in PCO.
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PMID:Insulin administration alters gonadal steroid metabolism independent of changes in gonadotropin secretion in insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. 264 19

In most mammals, pituitary-testicular hormone secretion is very active during the perinatal period, but the physiological significance of this function for later pituitary-gonadal interactions and sexual maturation is largely unknown. Short-term neonatal treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist results in delayed sexual maturation and infertility in male rats. We have now extended our earlier findings and studied in more detail the pituitary-gonadal function in adult rats after such neonatal treatment. In this study, the pituitary-testicular activity of newborn male rats was temporarily blocked by treatment with a GnRH antagonist analogue (N-Ac-4-Cl-D-Phe1, 4-Cl-D-Phe2, D-Trp3, D-Phe6, des-Gly10-GnRH-D-alanylamide; Organon 30039; 2 mg/kg s.c. twice daily) on Days 1-5 of life. Timing of puberty was slightly delayed in the treated rats (average: 2 days, p less than 0.05), as determined by the age of the balano-preputial separation. In adult rats (90-110 days), only 3 of the 17 rats treated neonatally with GnRH antagonist were fertile (14 of 17 controls, p less than 0.01), despite normal circulating androgen levels. Pituitary and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were slightly but consistently elevated (20-30%; p less than 0.05) in antagonist-treated animals, whereas luteinizing hormone (LH) levels (both immunoreactive and bioactive) were unaffected. The pituitary contents of GnRH receptors were increased in antagonist-treated animals 85 +/- 6.6 (mean +/- SEM, n = 19) vs. 58 +/- 4.1 fmol/gland in controls (n = 20; p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Neonatal treatment of male rats with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist results in altered function of the pituitary-testicular axis in adult age. 269 58

We demonstrate that highly purified bullfrog (f) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) bind specifically and significantly to a crude plasma membrane fraction of bullfrog liver. The other extragonadal organs of the bullfrog showed little or no specific binding. Specific bindings of 125I-fFSH and 125I-fLH to plasma membranes are saturable processes, and are time-, pH-, and temperature-dependent. Scatchard plots of fFSH and fLH were linear. The association constant of equilibrium (Ka) of the specific fFSH binding sites was 4.77 +/- 1.24 X 10(9)M-1 (mean +/- SEM) and the number of sites was 0.262 +/- 0.042 fmol/mg protein (mean +/- SEM). The Ka of the specific fLH binding sites was 5.38 +/- 1.27 X 10(9)M-1 (mean +/- SEM) and the number was 0.315 +/- 0.019 fmol/mg protein (mean +/- SEM). Competition experiments revealed that both fFSH and fLH use the same single class of binding sites. Binding of rat, chicken, bullfrog, and salmon gonadotropins to plasma membranes of the testis and liver of various vertebrates was studied. A significant degree of specific binding was detected only in combinations of bullfrog gonadotropins and amphibian livers. The concentration of adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in mince or primary culture cells of bullfrog liver was greatly increased by adding fFSH and fLH to the medium. Bullfrog LH was more potent than fFSH in increasing cAMP concentration, although they were not distinguished by specific binding sites. These data suggest that not only the gonads but also the liver is the target of gonadotropins in the bullfrog, although the final hepatic function controlled by gonadotropins remains unknown.
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PMID:Receptors for native gonadotropins in amphibian liver. 282 51

Five habitual aborters without a known organic cause of their pregnancy losses were studied in detail by serial blood sampling for immunoreactive estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and the ratio of the two. All patients had premenstrual spotting regularly. Luteal phase progesterone levels on the 6th postovulatory day were significantly lower (11.8 +/- 1.2 ng/mL, mean +/- SEM) than in control patients (20.8 +/- 3.5 ng/mL, mean +/- SEM). Results of immunoreactive estrogen, FSH, and LH assays and the FSH/LH ratio did not reveal a discernible pattern of deviation from normal. Indirect immunofluorescence of blood samples from all habitual aborters showed evidence of autoimmunity in three of five patients without clinical symptoms of autoimmune disease. Treatment by superovulation produced at least one living child in each couple. The balance of pregnancy outcome changed from 100% abortion (N = 31) before treatment to 31% (N = 13) after treatment. These results suggest that treatment with superovulation may be the treatment of choice for habitual aborters with a subtle luteal phase deficiency.
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PMID:Superovulation of habitual aborters with subtle luteal phase deficiency. 288 81


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