Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renal functional reserve, microalbuminuria, and plasma atrial natriuretic factor were measured in 21 offspring (9.5 +/- 0.5 years of age, mean +/- SEM) of hypertensive parents and in eight children (10 +/- 0.5 years of age) with no family history of hypertension who were used as a control group. Renal functional reserve was evaluated by measurement of the changes in creatinine clearance after an oral protein load of 45 g/m2. Atrial natriuretic factor levels were determined before and 60 minutes after the protein load, and microalbuminuria in fractional urine before and 120 minutes after the same stimulus as well as in a 24-hour urine collection. All children in the control group significantly increased their creatinine clearance after the protein load (preload, 122 +/- 12; 60 minutes, 144 +/- 9; 120 minutes, 154 +/- 11; 180 minutes, 144 +/- 9 ml/min/1.73 m2; all values were significant vs. preload, p less than 0.005). In contrast, only 13 of 21 offspring of hypertensive parents increased their creatinine clearance to values within 2 SD of the increase shown by the control group (preload, 144 +/- 11; 60 minutes, 153 +/- 7; 120 minutes, 202 +/- 13 ml/min/1.73 m2; p less than 0.001 vs. preload; 180 minutes, 214 +/- 19 ml/min/1.73 m2, p less than 0.001 vs. preload). The remaining eight offspring of hypertensive parents showed no detectable changes (nonresponders) (preload, 189 +/- 18; 60 minutes, 146 +/- 11; 120 minutes, 170 +/- 14; 180 minutes, 168 +/- 13 ml/min/1.73 m2; all values p = NS). No changes in atrial natriuretic factor after the protein load were observed in any group. Offspring of hypertensive parents presented higher microalbuminuria levels in 24-hour urine specimens (3.1 micrograms/min, tolerance factor [TF]2.2) than controls (2.1 micrograms/min, TF 1.5) (p less than 0.05). Although microalbuminuria increased significantly after the water load in the control group (p less than 0.05) and in the offspring of hypertensive parents (p less than 0.01), it returned to baseline at 120 minutes in the former but not in the latter (p less than 0.05 vs. baseline). The lack of renal functional reserve in nonresponders was significantly related (p less than 0.05) to the presence of higher levels of microalbuminuria. We conclude that the absence of renal functional reserve and increased microalbuminuria in some normotensive children who are offspring of essential hypertensive parents can indicate that subtle alterations in renal function may precede the onset of clinical hypertension.
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PMID:Renal functional reserve and microalbuminuria in offspring of hypertensive parents. 213 31

To determine the possible role of atrial natriuretic factor in right ventricular infarction, serial measurements of this hormone were performed in 21 patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction. All patients underwent enzymatic, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and coronary arteriographic studies. Ten patients also had right heart hemodynamic measurements. Eight patients had evidence of an associated right ventricular infarction (Group I) and 13 patients did not (Group II). Enzymatically estimated infarct size, presence of left heart failure and arrhythmias were similar in both groups. Mean arterial pressure in Group I (72.1 +/- 4.4 mm Hg) was significantly lower (p = 0.02) than in Group II (89.5 +/- 4.6 mm Hg). Seven (88%) of the eight patients in Group I had elevated right atrial pressures and a higher incidence than Group II of prolonged hypotension (75%) and right ventricular dysfunction (75%) clinically and by echocardiography. Plasma atrial natriuretic factor levels (mean values +/- SEM in pg/ml) for days 1, 2, 3 and 7 after infarction were, respectively: 152 +/- 30, 165 +/- 48, 199 +/- 27 and 189 +/- 31 for Group I versus 55 +/- 9, 55 +/- 11, 61 +/- 13 and 77 +/- 20 for Group II. The difference between groups was significant for days 1 (p less than 0.05), 3 and 7 (p less than 0.01) and not significant for day 2 (p = 0.07). These findings show that atrial natriuretic factor elevation is part of the neurohumoral response to right ventricular infarction and are consistent with the hypothesis that atrial natriuretic factor may play a pathophysiologic role in the right ventricular infarct syndrome.
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PMID:Atrial natriuretic factor in patients with right ventricular infarction. 213 77

The influence of pregnancy on the circulating concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor, the 28 amino acid carboxy (C)-terminal end of the 126 amino acid atrial natriuretic factor prohormone, and the amino (N)-terminus of the prohormone was studied with three specific radioimmunoassays recognizing: (1) atrial natriuretic factor (i.e., amino acids 99 through 126), (2) the 98 amino acid N-terminus, and (3) amino acids 31 through 67 from the midportion of the N-terminus of the prohormone. Plasma atrial natriuretic factor in normal pregnant women gradually increased as pregnancy progressed, with the mean +/- SEM being 58 +/- 4 pg/ml in the first trimester, 74 +/- 5 pg/ml in the second trimester, and 89 +/- 7 pg/ml in the third trimester. Likewise, proatrial natriuretic factor 31 through 67 increased from 1421 +/- 76 pg/ml (first trimester) to 1509 +/- 84 pg/ml (second trimester) to 1758 +/- 83 pg/ml in the third trimester, whereas the whole N-terminus of the prohormone increased from 1804 +/- 98 pg/ml (first trimester) to 1909 +/- 111 pg/ml (second trimester) to 2160 +/- 79 pg/ml in the third trimester. These results suggest that release of the N-terminus of the prohormone, as well as atrial natriuretic factor, increases with the rise in blood volume associated with a normal pregnancy. The circulating concentrations of both the C-terminus and N-terminus of the atrial natriuretic factor prohormone increased further in the 48 hours after delivery. Because both the C-terminus and N-terminus of the atrial natriuretic factor prohormone contain diuresis-producing peptides, these results suggest that postpartum diuresis may be mediated by these peptides.
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PMID:Increase in the plasma levels of the N-terminal and C-terminal portions of the prohormone of atrial natriuretic factor during normal pregnancy. 213 15

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) may play a role in the regulation of the changes of blood volume and vascular reactivity during pregnancy and when pregnancy is complicated by hypertension. Reports of plasma ANF levels during pregnancy are conflicting. We have prospectively studied plasma ANF levels during pregnancy in 25 women, and compared these with 20 age-matched non-pregnant women. Five women developed hypertension during pregnancy and a further five who remained normotensive had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Plasma ANF was 6.8 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- SEM) and 6.3 +/- 0.9 pmol/l during weeks 8-15 and 24-31 of normal pregnancy (n = 15; vs non-pregnant levels (4.0 +/- 0.6 pmol/l) P less than 0.05, n = 20). Levels were 4.3 +/- 0.8 and 3.9 +/- 0.4 pmol/l during weeks 16-23 and 32-39. In the diabetic patients and in the group who developed hypertension levels were at no time different from the uncomplicated pregnancy group. Serum aldosterone increased as pregnancy progressed, but plasma renin activity remained unchanged. As plasma ANF was not different between those who did, and those who did not develop hypertension, early measurement of it will not predict who will and who will not develop hypertension during pregnancy.
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PMID:Plasma atrial natriuretic factor levels during normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus and hypertension. 214 May 86

The response of atrial natriuretic factor to an acute increase in atrial pressures produced by changing from a 45 degrees upright to a -15 degrees Trendelenburg tilt was examined in 21 patients with heart failure and 8 control subjects with normal hemodynamics. In the control subjects, baseline (45 degrees upright tilt) pulmonary capillary wedge and right atrial pressures increased from 3.1 +/- 0.9 (mean +/- SEM) and 4.4 +/- 0.3 mm Hg to 6.9 +/- 1.9 and 8.5 +/- 0.4 mm Hg, respectively (p less than 0.05 for both), 30 min after the -15 degrees tilt. Baseline arterial plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentration increased from 34 +/- 4 to 44 +/- 1 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) 30 min after the tilt, with an increase observed in every patient. In the group with heart failure, baseline pulmonary capillary wedge and right atrial pressures increased from 17.5 +/- 2.0 and 5.3 +/- 1.2 mm Hg to 24.6 +/- 1.8 and 9.7 +/- 1.3 mm Hg, respectively (p less than 0.01 for both), 30 min after the tilt. Plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentration was 326 +/- 38 pg/ml at baseline and 347 +/- 34 pg/ml (p = NS) 30 min after tilt. Compared with the 7 patients with heart failure who had increased atrial natriuretic factor concentrations after the tilt (responders), the 14 patients with unchanged or decreased atrial natriuretic factor concentrations after the tilt (nonresponders) had a higher baseline right atrial pressure and atrial natriuretic factor concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Response of atrial natriuretic factor to postural change in patients with heart failure versus subjects with normal hemodynamics. 214 66

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) concentration in the aqueous humor (AH) was studied in rabbits with experimental glaucoma induced by injecting alpha-chymotrypsin into the posterior chamber. In normal rabbit eyes, the ANF concentration in AH was 3.1 +/- 1.2 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM; n = 12), ranging from 0 to 5.8 pg/ml, whereas it was significantly higher in AH from glaucomatous rabbit eyes, being 81.0 +/- 9.8 pg/ml (n = 12). These findings were correlated with intraocular pressure (IOP), which was 13.0 +/- 2.4 mmHg (n = 12) in normal rabbit eyes and significantly greater in glaucomatous eyes: 24.4 +/- 3.0 mmHg (n = 12). Our data indicate that enhanced ANF release in AH during experimental glaucoma may play an important physiological role in modulating IOP.
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PMID:Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor in aqueous humor: its concentration is increased with high intraocular pressure in rabbit eyes. 214 92

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which was discovered from rat atria, has been implicated in the regulation of systemic water and electrolyte balances. Recently, ANP and that specific receptor was identified in rat brain. These observations suggest the additional central effect of ANP. In this study, the effect of ANP on the intracranial pressure, brain water content and brain sodium concentration was studied with congenital hydrocephalus rats (HTX strain). This strain of rat has a high incidence of congenital hydrocephalus (50%), and the survival period of hydrocephalic rat was 4-5 weeks. Using this hydrocephalic HTX rats, the intracranial pressure was measured through the fine needle of 26 gauge which was placed in the ventricle stereotaxically. The water content was measured by dry-weight method. The brain tissue sodium concentration was measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Shimazu Corp., AA-670). Because ANP did not pass through the blood-brain barrier, ANP was administered into the cerebral ventricle with direct puncture. Intraventricular administration of 2 micrograms of alpha-hANP decreased the intracranial pressure significantly (p less than 0.01), from 5.25 +/- 0.60 (mean +/- SEM) mmHg to 3.00 +/- 0.35 mmHg (n = 10), from 7.38 +/- 1.13 mmHg to 5.20 +/- 1.32 mmHg (n = 5) after 40 minute in both 21 and 28 days HTX rats, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on intracranial pressure in a congenital hydrocephalic model]. 214 47

Because the role of systemic hormones in the pathophysiology of edema in acute renal disease remains incompletely understood, we compared the levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and plasma renin activity (PRA) in patients with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), nephrotic syndrome (NS), and normal individuals during salt deprivation and salt loading. Sixteen patients with AGN (10 males) and nine patients with NS and hypoalbuminemia (7 males) were studied on admission, and after recovery (12 AGN patients) or remission (4 NS patients). Eighteen normal controls were each studied after five days on a low (20 mEq Na/day), regular (120 mEq Na/day) and high (300 mEq Na/day) dietary salt intake. Patients with AGN and NS had comparable edema (AGN 2.8 +/- 0.53 kg; NS 3.36 +/- 0.47 kg; SE) and urinary Na excretion (mean +/- SEM: AGN 0.97 +/- 0.11 mEq/hr; NS 1.06 +/- 0.16 mEq/hr), but AGN patients had five times higher ANF (AGN 27.2 +/- 4.06 fmol/ml; NS 5.51 +/- 1.02 fmol/ml; P less than 0.001) and six times lower PRA ng/liter.sec levels (AGN 0.187 +/- 0.047; NS 1.144 +/- 0.222; P less than 0.001) than NS patients. The degree of edema was correlated with ANF levels in AGN patients (P less than 0.001) but not in NS patients. There was a strong exponential negative correlation (r = -0.773, P less than 0.0001) between ANF and PRA, in which AGN patients and Na-restricted controls were located in the opposite ends of the volume sensing-response, and NS patients in the middle, alongside controls with regular Na intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Atrial natriuretic factor in the acute nephritic and nephrotic syndromes. 214 29

The plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were measured both during relapse and remission in 8 patients with idiopathic, minimal-lesion nephrotic syndrome. The plasma levels of ANF were significantly higher in the patients during relapse (53.3 +/- 21.2 pg/ml, mean +/- SEM) as compared to the values observed in the same patients during remission (19.4 +/- 4.1 pg/ml; p less than 0.05). This moderate increase in ANF is not likely to be explained by hypervolemia and is associated with sodium and water retention rather than natriuresis and diuresis.
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PMID:Atrial natriuretic factor in idiopathic minimal-lesion nephrotic syndrome. 214 79

In seven healthy male volunteers we investigated changes in plasma atrial natriuretic factor [( ANF]), arginine vasopressin [( AVP]) and plasma volume (PV) during supine immersion. Twenty minutes head-out water immersion in a supine position in a thermo-neutral water bath attenuated the increase in PV induced by 20 min in a supine position in air, but increased the mean plasma [ANF] from 32.0 pg.ml-1, SEM 5.1 to 53.3 pg.ml-1, SEM 3.6 and decreased the mean plasma [AVP] from 1.4 pg.ml-1, SEM 0.1 to 0.9 pg.ml-1, SEM 0.04. Simultaneously, diuresis and natriuresis increased markedly. During a 20-min control period in the supine posture without immersion, PV, plasma [ANF] and [AVP] remained unaffected while diuresis and natriuresis did not increase to the same extent. These data suggest that an increase in the central blood volume induced by a weak external hydrostatic pressure during supine immersion triggered the changes in plasma [ANF] and [AVP] and that the increase was probably due to a shift of blood volume from peripheral to central vessels. The changes in plasma [ANF] contributed to the changes in natriuresis.
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PMID:The role of posture on the changes in plasma atrial natriuretic factor and arginine vasopressin levels during immersion. 214 37


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