Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Parathyroidectomy (PTx) is indicated in hemodialysis (HD) patients who have severe osteitis fibrosa unresponsive to vitamin D therapy or in whom the latter treatment is contraindicated. Immediately after PTx, plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus concentrations decline abruptly. However, little is known in such patients about the short-term effects of PTx on plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and plasma aluminum (Al) levels. The present, preliminary study was performed to determine such parameters in 37 HD patients, and to correlate them with data of bone histology. Mean plasma AP activity started to increase after PTx from day 4 onwards. Thus, AP values significantly higher than pre-PTx values were observed at day 7 and 14 (415 +/- 54 vs. 619 +/- 77 and 749 +/- 83 IU/liter, means +/- SEM; N = 37; P less than 0.05 and 0.001, respectively). This increase, in the absence of changes in liver function, was mainly due to the bone-specific iso-AP. Moreover, the degree of increase in plasma AP activity was higher in the subgroup with negative (group I, 21 patients) than in that with positive bone Al staining (group II, 16 patients). However, plasma osteocalcin (BGP) did not change after PTx (N = 8). Basal plasma Al levels were significantly higher in group II both before and two weeks after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Short-term effects of parathyroidectomy on plasma biochemistry in chronic uremia. 257 18

The etiology of diabetic osteopenia has not been established. The value of serum osteocalcin (BGP) as a marker of the bone abnormalities and the possible role of the polyol pathway in diabetic osteopenia were investigated. Three groups of rats were studied over 7 weeks: group D (n = 12), rats with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg)-induced diabetes given saline by gavage; group DS (n = 12), rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes given the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil (25 mg/kg) daily by gavage; and group C (n = 6), saline-injected controls. Circulating levels of ionized calcium, BGP, amino-terminal PTH, and glucose were measured on days 0, 7, 14, 28, and 49. Tibial bone specimens were examined for the presence of aldose reductase by immunocytochemistry and by histomorphometry after tetracycline labeling. Diabetic rats with or without sorbinil treatment failed to gain weight [group D, 234 +/- 26 g; group DS, 217.0 +/- 40 g; group C, 310 +/- 33 g (mean +/- SD)]. Serum BGP levels decreased significantly in the diabetic rats within 7 days and remained lower throughout the study. BGP values on day 7 were: group D, 47.7 +/- 4.9 ng/ml; group DS, 65.9 +/- 5.5 ng/ml; and group C, 90.4 +/- 4 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM). Serum PTH levels were similar in all groups, except for day 49, when an increase in the D group was observed. Bone histomorphometry showed decreased bone remodeling in the D group, which confirmed the serum BGP findings. Aldose reductase was detectable in the small blood vessels and in bone itself. Sorbinil failed to influence the biochemical or bone histomorphometric abnormalities associated with diabetes. Serum BGP may be a valuable marker for the decreased bone remodeling in insulinopenic diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Bone mineral metabolism in experimental diabetes mellitus: osteocalcin as a measure of bone remodeling. 313 94

Serum osteocalcin (BGP) is a new marker of bone turnover that reportedly evaluates bone formation. Thus, its measurement could assess the bone formation rate in tumor-associated hypercalcemia. We measured concentrations of BGP and other parameters of bone metabolism in 54 untreated hypercalcemic cancer patients as compared to 109 healthy subjects. Primary tumor sites were breast (19), lung (11), head and neck (6), multiple myeloma (3), kidney (2), and various (11) or multiple (2). Mean BGP levels were higher in the hypercalcemic subjects, 4.6 +/- 0.4 (SEM) ng/ml, than in the normal subjects, 3.6 +/- 0.1 ng/ml (p less than .05), and were normalized in the 22 patients who could be reevaluated after successful treatment of hypercalcemia with intravenous aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate (APD). There was no correlation of BGP levels with age, sex, or renal function. Compared with the Gaussian distribution in the normal subjects, there was a considerable scatter of the data in hypercalcemic patients, suggesting the existence of defined subgroups with abnormally low or abnormally high values. However, we found no significant relationship of BGP concentrations with tumor site or histology or with bone metastatic involvement. We found also no significant correlation between concentrations of serum BGP and total or ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, parameters of bone resorption, and indices of parathyroid function. In summary, serum BGP levels were slightly elevated in tumor-associated hypercalcemia and were normalized after successful treatment of hypercalcemia. More importantly, BGP concentrations varied widely even in the subgroups of patients with hypercalcemia accompanying massive bone metastatic involvement or in the patients without detectable skeletal metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Serum osteocalcin (BGP) in tumor-associated hypercalcemia. 350 43

Serum osteocalcin (BGP), a vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) containing bone protein, provides an index of bone turnover in patients with a variety of metabolic bone diseases. BGP increases with increasing age in both sexes, but more so in women. BGP rises above normal when the glomerular filtration rate falls below 30 ml/min. Because of its importance in bone disease, its low mol wt, and the effect of uremia, we measured BGP by RIA in serum and dialysate fluid in patients on hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). In 32 HD patients (22 women and 10 men), serum BGP was not different pre- and postdialysis [67.5 +/- 4.4 (+/- SEM) ng/ml vs. 67.7 +/- 5.2), but was significantly elevated compared to the level in normal subjects (7.3 +/- 0.8 ng/ml). The sex difference previously reported in normal subjects was not found in patients with renal failure. The serum BGP level in 8 PD patients was 49.4 +/- 6.9 ng/ml, with a peritoneal fluid concentration of 27.6 +/- 9.3 ng/ml. The hemodialysate fluid concentration of BGP was 1.7 +/- 0.4 ng/ml, which was significantly lower than the serum BGP levels in the HD patients, the PD patients, and peritoneal fluid (P less than 0.01). A significant correlation existed among BGP, alkaline phosphatase, immunoreactive PTH, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. We conclude that BGP is markedly elevated in patients with renal failure, not altered in the serum by HD or PD, but very low in HD dialysate fluid. These findings may reflect a combination of impaired clearance and increased skeletal production. The difference in clearance between the peritoneal and hemodialysis fluid is compatible with the mol wt of BGP. In 15 patients who had successful kidney transplantation, serum BGP was normal despite an elevated serum PTH level.
 ...
PMID:Serum and dialysate osteocalcin levels in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients and after renal transplantation. 388 31

Mean (+/- SD) serum bone Gla-protein (BGP or osteocalcin) was normal (7.0 +/- 3.3 ng/ml) in 26 patients with untreated postmenopausal osteoporosis ( PMO ). But 9 patients had values either above (4) or below (5) the normal values obtained in 35 age-matched control women (6.9 +/- 1.25 ng/ml). Serum BGP correlated positively with relative osteoid volume, relative osteoid surfaces, tetracycline labelled surfaces, and bone formation rate but not with resorption surfaces. Based on normal values for osteoid volume, patients were classified as having high (HF, 9 patients), normal (NF, 12 patients) and low osteoid formation (LF, 5 patients). Serum BGP (+/- SEM) was significantly lower in LF group (2.7 +/- 0.9 ng/ml) and significantly higher in HF group (9.7 +/- 0.8 ng/ml) than in the NF group (7.0 +/- 0.6 ng/ml). Serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline did not discriminate between these three groups and did not correlate significantly with any of the measured histomorphometric indices in biopsy specimens in these patients. Serum BGP appears to be a specific marker for bone formation and can predict the histological profile in PMO . Serum BGP might be useful in investigating patients with PMO and should be valuable in assessing the effects of treatments that increase bone formation.
 ...
PMID:Serum bone Gla-protein: a specific marker for bone formation in postmenopausal osteoporosis. 614 27

Cardiac transplantation has become a successful therapy for end-stage heart disease. However, increased bone loss has been observed in heart transplant recipients, sometimes being responsible for osteoporotic fractures. Glucocorticoids cause dose-related bone loss, particularly in the first 6-12 months of use, but cyclosporine might play a role as well. The evolution of bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical parameters was prospectively assessed in 24 patients (mean age 52 years) from cardiac transplantation. All patients received cyclosporin A (CsA) and prednisone, the latter at decreasing dosage. The mean current daily dose of CsA was 321 mg and serum levels of CsA were constant. All patients received calcium (500 mg day-1) and vitamin D (1000 U day-1) for prevention of bone loss. BMD (gcm-2) was measured in 17 patients at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry every 6 months. Spinal BMD as well as neck and total hip BMD decreased at 6 and 12 months after transplantation, being statistically significant at the three sites: -5.6 and -3.4% for the lumbar spine, -9.3 and -8.5% for the femoral neck, -4.8% and -6.0% for the total hip respectively. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and osteocalcin (BGP) increased by 90% and 800% respectively between pretransplantation values and 18 months after transplantation. BGP levels measured every 2 months from transplantation increased continuously from 8.7 micrograms L-1 (mean +/- SEM) before transplantation to 31.3 +/- 10.1 (P < 0.05) at 4 months, to 59.1 +/- 8.8 (P < 0.01) at 6 months and to 72.2 +/- 9.9 (P < 0.01) at 18 months (Kruskal-Wallis analysis: P < 0.0001). PTH showed a biphasic pattern with an initial decrease from 39.3 +/- 4.1 ng L-1 at baseline to 22.0 +/- 2.8 ng L-1 at 2 months, but increasing thereafter to 45.9 +/- 5.7 at 6 months and 74.2 +/- 8.9 at 18 months (Kruskal-Wallis analysis: P < 0.001). These variations represent a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. In summary, cardiac transplant patients lose bone immediately after transplantation at the spine and the hip. Later on, the loss in BMD discontinues at all sites of the skeleton, but predominantly at the spine, and a few patients still lose bone at the hip. This is probably a result of the high bone turnover either due to secondary hyperparathyroidism or induced by cyclosporin A.
 ...
PMID:Cyclosporine induces high bone turnover and may contribute to bone loss after heart transplantation. 886 16

Silk fibroin (SF)/nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) composites are potential biomaterials for bone defect repair. Up to now, the biological evaluation studies of SF/n-HA composites have primarily concentrated on their biocompatibility at cell level such as cell viability and proliferation and tissue level such as material absorption and new bone formation. In this work, SF/n-HA composites were fabricated using a simplified coprecipitation methods and were deposited onto Ti alloy substrates. Then the cell adhesion ability of SF/n-HA composites was observed by SEM and cell proliferation ability of SF/n-HA composites was determined by MTT assay. The ALP activity, BGP contents, and Col I contents of MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells on SF/n-HA composites were quantitatively analyzed. HA nanocrystals were used as controls. These experiments showed that SF/n-HA composites had better cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation abilities than n-HA materials. This work provides quantitative data to analyze the effect of SF/n-HA composites on cell osteogenic differentiation.
...
PMID:Quantitative analyses of the effect of silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composites on osteogenic differentiation of MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells. 2545 62