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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

30 patients on long-term lithium therapy have been studied. The results are presented of the urinary concentrating ability after water deprivation and the intranasal administration of vasopressin, of the simultaneous determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), of the minimal urine pH after an oral dose of ammonium chloride, and of the urinary beta-2-microglobulin excretion. Mean urine concentration (+/- SEM) after 22 hr water deprivation (= Uosm) amounted to 854 +/- 22 mOsm/kg H2O, mean GFR was 101 +/- 4 ml/min, mean ERPF 360 +/- 18 ml/min, and mean minimal urine pH 4.95 +/- 0.06. In 8 out of 30 patients there was polyuria. In these 8 patients the values were 778 +/- 51 mOsm/kg H2O, 113 +/- 6 ml/min, 415 +/- 33 ml/min and 4.99 +/- 0.08, respectively. Serum levels of beta-2-microglobulin and lysozyme and the urinary excretion of beta-2-microglobulin were normal in all patients. No correlation was established between Uosm and the serum lithium concentration during the test (0.8 +/- 0.05 mmoles/l) nor between Uosm and the average serum lithium level during treatment (0.79 +/- 0.03). GFR was only correlated with age. It was found that administration of indomethacin during the concentration test increased Uosm in these patients. The results suggest that, given proper dosage and surveillance, long-term treatment with lithium is not likely to cause disturbances in renal function.
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PMID:A renal function study in 30 patients on long-term lithium therapy. 4 7

Abnormalities in renal tubular function have been reported in adult patients with idiopathic renal hypercalciuria. To determine if such abnormalities are present early in the natural history of renal hypercalciuria, we evaluated renal tubular function in ten children with idiopathic renal hypercalciuria, aged 5-17 years. Seven of the children presented with urolithiasis and three with hematuria. Urinary calcium excretion ranged from 4 to 9 mg/kg per day, (5.2 +/- 0.5, mean +/- SEM) with a mean fasting urinary calcium to creatinine ration of 0.31 +/- 0.03. Studies described in this report were performed after 1 week of ingesting a diet containing 1,000 mg calcium, 3,000 mg sodium, and 100 mg purine. Clearance of creatinine ranged from 84 to 159 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Tm phosphate (mg/100 ml GFR) was normal in each child (mean 4.66 +/- 0.06 mg/100 ml GFR). Fractional excretion of uric acid, sodium and beta-2-microglobulin were also normal in each child. Serum bicarbonate concentrations ranged from 21.5 to 27 mEq/l with a mean of 24.4 +/- 0.5 mEq/l and all patients lowered urinary pH to less than 5.5. Hypotonic diuresis demonstrated normal free water clearance with a mean of 12.8 ml/min per 100 ml Cin. Distal sodium delivery and fractional distal sodium reabsorption were normal with a mean of 13.6 +/- 1.2% and 92.7 +/- 0.5%, respectively. Water deprivation studies demonstrated a range of maximum urinary osmolality from 711 to 1,020 mosmol/kg H2O with a mean of 864 +/- 34 mosmol/kg H2O. Seven healthy children, ingesting an identical study diet, concentrated their urine to a mean of 1,059 +/- 31 mosmol/kg h2O.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal function in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria. 315 15

Kidney function and size were studied in seven well-controlled male Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients before and after administration of highly purified human growth hormone for one week. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow (steady state infusion technique with urinary collections using 125I-iothalamate and 131I-hippuran), kidney size (ultrasonic scanning) and urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta-2-microglobulin were measured. Highly purified growth hormone was injected subcutaneously, 2 IU in the morning and 4 IU in the evening. The growth hormone dosage applied induced an elevation in plasma growth hormone concentration from the normal level seen in these very well controlled diabetics to levels within the range previously demonstrated in normally controlled Type 1 diabetic patients. During the week of growth hormone administration, glycaemic control was maintained unchanged by increasing the insulin dose by 79 +/- 9% (mean +/- SEM). Glomerular filtration rate increased from 122 +/- 3 to 131 +/- 3 ml/min X 1.73 m2 (p less than 0.05) and renal plasma flow increased from 535 +/- 10 to 569 +/- 22 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (p less than 0.05). Kidney size changed from 128 +/- 5 to 133 +/- 5 ml/1.73 m2 (NS). Urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta-2-microglobulin were unchanged. The present findings suggest that the growth hormone elevation typically found in Type 1 diabetic patients with reasonable clinical control, contributes to the enhanced glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow present in that disease.
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PMID:Kidney function and size in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients before and during growth hormone administration for one week. 709 34

The effect of intravenous glucose infusion on glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow (constant infusion technique using 125I-iothalamate and 131I-hippuran) and on urinary excretion of albumin and beta-2-microglobulin were studied in ten normal subjects and seven metabolically well-controlled insulin-dependent diabetics. Following glucose infusion in normal subjects (n = 10) blood glucose increased from 4.7 +/- 0.1 to 10.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l (SEM) (p less than or equal to 0.01). Glomerular filtration rate increased from 116 +/- 2 to 123 +/- 3 ml/mi x 1.73 m2 (p less than or equal to 0.01), while no change in renal plasma flow was seen - 552 +/- 11 versus 553 +/- 18 ml/min x 1.73 m2. Volume expansion with intravenous saline infusion in six of the normal subjects induced no changes in blood glucose or kidney function. In seven strictly controlled insulin-dependent diabetics, blood glucose values were raised from 4.6 +/- 0.4 to 16.0 +/- 0.6 mmol/l and clamped by means of an 'artificial beta cell'. Glomerular filtration rate increased in all patients, from 133 +/- 5 to 140 +/- 6 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (p less than or equal to 0.02), as did renal plasma flow from 576 +/- 26 to 623 +/- 38 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (p less than or equal to 0.02). Urinary albumin excretion remained unchanged in both normal subjects and diabetics. beta-2-microglobulin excretion rate increased significantly in the diabetics following glucose infusion, while no significant change was seen in the normal subjects. Our results show that hyperglycaemia per se contributes to the increased glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in insulin-dependent diabetes.
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PMID:Effect of intravenous glucose infusion on renal function in normal man and in insulin-dependent diabetics. 728 97

Ocular microangiopathic syndrome including retinal and conjunctival abnormalities is frequently found in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most frequent neoplasia found in patients with HIV-1 disease. We have recently reported a significant association between conjunctival microvasculopathy and KS in 117 patients with HIV-1 disease. The objective of the present study was to determine whether this association is existent when matched patients with and without KS are compared. A total of 22 matched pairs were obtained under consideration of the absolute CD4+ lymphocyte count, Walter Reed (WR) classification, gender, and serum levels of beta-2-microglobulin and neopterin. Conjunctival microangiopathy was determined for each eye by a standardized rating scale ranging from 0 to 5, allowing a reliable and valid quantification of conjunctival blood-flow sludging. The mean value obtained for conjunctival sludge was 1.8 (SEM, 0.4) for patients without KS and 3.2 (SEM, 0.3) for patients with KS, demonstrating a clinically and statistically significant difference between the two groups (Student's t = 3.0; P = 0.003). This difference was higher when patients with a CD4+ lymphocyte count exceeding 200/microliters were regarded. Similar factors or mechanisms may contribute to HIV-related conjunctival microvasculopathy and KS.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus-related microvasculopathy and Kaposi's sarcoma: a case-control study. 749 37