Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There exist conflicting data regarding the inhibitory effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on aldosterone production from aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). Natriuretic peptides mediate their actions through natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs). Whether or not NPRs are present in the tumors remains controversial. To elucidate this paradox, gene expression of NPRs was examined by Northern blot analysis and competitive polymerase chain reaction in tumorous and non-tumorous portions of APA, and in normal adrenal gland from patients with renal cell carcinoma. The results of Northern blot analysis showed the presence of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of three NPRs in all adrenal tissues, including APA. The proportional expression of NPR gene transcripts in APA was type A (0.6%), type B (18.7%), and type C (80.7%). The levels, but not the proportions, of type C and possibly type B NPR mRNAs were lower in tumorous and non-tumorous portions of APA compared to those in normal adrenal gland (type C 190.2 +/- 24.5 [means +/- SEM, normal adrenal gland] > 168.1 +/- 20.8 [non-tumorous portion] > 112.2 +/- 15.5 [tumorous portion] pg/10 micrograms total RNA, F = 3.82, P < 0.05; type B 45.2 +/- 8.5 [normal adrenal gland] > 30.0 +/- 5.2 [non-tumorous portion] > 25.1 +/- 4.1 [tumorous portion] pg/10 micrograms total RNA, F = 3.03, P = 0.065). The mRNA levels of type C, rather than type A or type B, NPR were correlated with the percentage of zona fasciculata-like cells in APA (r = 0.90, P < 0.05). In conclusion we have demonstrated the presence of mRNA encoding the three NPRs in APA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Quantitative analysis of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding natriuretic peptide receptors in aldosterone-producing adenoma. 755 75

This study examines acute changes in circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) during short periods of myocardial ischemia experienced at coronary angioplasty. Ten patients (mean age 55.7 +/- 3.9 years, nine men) undergoing angioplasty to the left anterior descending coronary artery were studied. Angioplasty of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed with the balloon inflations maintained at 6 to 10 atm for 20 to 90 seconds. Blood was sampled from the coronary sinus for ANP, IGF-1 (both total and free), and lactate levels at (1) after catheterization of the coronary sinus, (2) after the initial left coronary angiography, (3) immediately after balloon deflation, and (4) 5 minutes after deflation. ANP levels (pmol/L +/- SEM) rose significantly at the end of balloon deflation (13.4 +/- 2.8; p < 0.01) compared with baseline levels (8.8 +/- 1.9). This rise was sustained for at least 5 minutes after balloon deflation (13.7 +/- 3.1; p < 0.01). ANP levels were not affected by the injections of angiographic contrast media. Free IGF-1 levels rose after injections of radiographic contrast but not after balloon inflation or deflation. Total IGF-1 levels did not change significantly at any of the sampling times. Lactic acid (mmol/L) levels rose at the end of balloon inflation (2.66 +/- 0.6) compared with baseline (2.13 +/- 0.7; p < 0.05) but returned to normal within 5 minutes of balloon deflation. Neither lactic acid levels nor release of ANP or IGF-1 correlated with the initial left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or the degree of electrocardiographic ST depression during the procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute changes in atrial natriuretic peptide, insulin-like growth factor-1, and lactate levels during left anterior descending coronary artery angioplasty. 757 78

We investigated the basic characteristics of the rat embryonic circulation and also looked at the hemodynamic effects of alpha- and beta-agonists, digitalis, and atrial natriuretic peptide, using a modified organ culture system in which the embryo was placed in oxygenated Hanks' balanced salt solution, blood pressure was measured by a servo-null micropressure system, and blood flow pattern was obtained by a 20-MHz pulsed Doppler velocity meter. The peak pressure was 0.5 +/- 0.04 (SEM) mm Hg at the atrium (n = 6), 2.3 +/- 0.10 mm Hg at the ventricle (n = 15), 1.6 +/- 0.03 mm Hg at the truncus (n = 7), and 1.0 +/- 0.05 mm Hg at the umbilical artery (n = 21). There was a pressure drop from the ventricle to the truncus and then a smaller pressure decrease to the umbilical artery. The atrial a-wave was 20% of ventricular pressure and ventricular inflow blood flow pattern showed very low early-to-late filling ratio, indicating that the ventricle was stiff. These findings were essentially the same as in the chick embryo. We recorded the ventricular image by using a high-speed video system with a frame rate of 200/s, and the ventricular pressure-area loop showed a triangular shape with short isovolumetric phases, which was different from that of the chick embryo at a similar stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hemodynamics and ventricular function in the day-12 rat embryo: basic characteristics and the responses to cardiovascular drugs. 770 Jul 26

We examined renal sodium handling in rats with Hymann nephritis (HEN), an immunologically mediated model of nephrotic syndrome. Rats were studied 9-14 days following i.p. injection of anti-Fx1A antiserum. We previously demonstrated that HEN had a blunted volume expansion natriuresis (2% body weight isotonic saline infused over 5 min), excreting sodium at only half the rate of normal controls (CTL) despite similar increase in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration. Urinary excretion of cGMP accumulation by isolate glomeruli and inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells in response to increasing concentration of ANP, and RNP (also called urodilatin). Results (fmol/mg prot/10 min) are means +/- SEM: [table: see text]. Basal accumulation of cGMP was not different among the groups, HEN rats hd reduced cGMP accumulation in response to ANP, and RNP. In binding studies using 125I-ANP, no difference in either density or affinity was found between CTL and HEN rats. Thus, there is a renal resistance to ANP in rats with HEN, which can be extended to other agents acting through the cGMP pathway. This resistance is not due to impaired binding of ANP, but to impaired accumulation of cGMP in responsive tissues, reflecting perhaps increased cGMP catabolism by phosphodiesterase. Such an observation may account for the altered sodium handling in nephrotic rats.
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PMID:[Resistance to the action of atrial natriuretic peptide and urodilatin in Heymann nephritis in vitro]. 775 73

The reduced ability of inhaled compared with intravenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to modify bronchial reactivity and tone may be due to degradation of the peptide by neutral endopeptidase (NEP) within the airways. To test this hypothesis, we have examined the effect of thiorphan, an NEP inhibitor, on the protection afforded by inhaled ANP against histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in 10 mildly asthmatic patients. Pretreatment with ANP alone attenuated the bronchoconstrictor response to histamine with a mean (SEM) maximum percent fall in FEV1 after histamine of 15.9 (2.9) (p < 0.05) compared with 24 (2.9) after placebo and 24 (4) after pretreatment with thiorphan alone. Prior inhalation of thiorphan greatly enhanced the ANP effect: the mean maximum percent fall after this combination was 5.1 (2.3) (p < 0.01, compared with ANP alone). Our results suggest that airway NEP is important in modulating the effect of inhaled ANP. It may be possible to exploit the guanylyl cyclase pathway, by which ANP acts, in the treatment of asthma by the administration of ANP analogues stable to neutral endopeptidase.
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PMID:Effect of inhaled atrial natriuretic peptide and a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. 776 51

The concentration and molecular form of the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in normal calves during the first 10 days of life were investigated. The mean (SEM) ANP concentration on the day of birth was 62.7 (5.52) pmol litre-1, and thereafter it decreased progressively and significantly (P < 0.001). After 10 days, the plasma ANP concentration had decreased to normal adult values (11.3 [3.87] pmol litre-1). On the day of birth and 10 days later a single peak corresponding to alpha-ANP alone was detected in the plasma of the calves.
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PMID:Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in normal calves during the first 10 days of life. 781 16

The interactions of the systemic adaptations during and after rapid ventricular pacing, a model of heart failure, were assessed in conscious, unstressed dogs. One week of ventricular tachycardia (260 beats/min) significantly reduced mean +/- SEM cardiac output (2.3 +/- 0.1 to 1.2 +/- 0.1 liter/min), mean arterial pressure (119 +/- 3 to 93 +/- 3 mm Hg), renal blood flow (168 +/- 19 to 96 +/- 9 ml/min), sodium excretion (36 +/- 5 to 10 +/- 4 mEq/d), increased left and right atrial pressures (8 +/- 1 to 21 +/- 1 and 4 +/- 0 to 11 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively), plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration (24 +/- 4 to 141 +/- 38 fmol/ml), plasma cyclic GMP concentration (9 +/- 1 to 16 +/- 4 pmol/ml), and urinary cyclic GMP excretion (0.77 +/- 0.05 to 2.18 +/- 0.34 nmol/min). These changes persisted throughout 3 weeks of pacing. Gradual increases in systemic and renal vascular resistances (to 122 +/- 17 and 1.30 +/- 0.22 mm Hg/liter/min, respectively) and reductions in glomerular filtration rate (65 +/- 6 to 44 +/- 4 ml/min) reached significance during the third week. Resumption of sinus rhythm stimulated a brisk natriuresis and a return of cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and hormone concentrations to control values within 7 days. However, increases of left and right atrial pressures (14 +/- 2 and 8 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively) were still present after 2 months of recovery. In conclusion, persistent increases in cardiac filling pressures were induced by rapid ventricular pacing in conscious, unstressed dogs, whereas the systemic hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal responses were largely reversible during recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal effects of rapid ventricular pacing in conscious dogs. 784 52

To investigate the clinical significance of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), circulating levels of BNP, atrial natriuretic peptide, creatine kinase (CK), and hemodynamic parameters were serially determined in 24 patients with a first episode of acute MI. Plasma BNP (mean +/- SEM) gradually increased and peaked 21 h after the onset (from 13.7 +/- 2.2 to 23.0 +/- 3.3 fmol/ml; p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the increase in plasma BNP level and both the peak CK level (r = 0.83; p < 0.05) and the MI size (r = 0.74; p < 0.05). The increase in plasma BNP in the acute phase was found to be a significant predictor of left ventricular (LV) function evaluated in the convalescent phase (LV ejection fraction, r = -0.63; p < 0.05, LV end-diastolic pressure, r = 0.56; p < 0.05). In conclusion, in patients with acute MI, increases in plasma BNP concentration during the early phase reflect MI size, and thereby may predict later LV function.
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PMID:Relationship between plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide and myocardial infarct size. 785 Aug 23

The immediate and longer term variability of selected vasoactive- and volume-regulating neurohormones were measured in patients entering a substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction--a randomized clinical trial in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 35%. The variability of these hormones has not been determined in a large cohort of patients. Immediate (short-term) variability was assessed by systematically comparing levels after 15 and 30 minutes of supine rest at the initial visit, and longer term variability was assessed by comparing 30-minute supine rest values at the initial visit with corresponding values taken at 30 minutes after 16 to 24 days of stable therapy. Initial values obtained at the first visit after 30-minute supine rest for all 209 patients were (mean +/- SEM) 512 +/- 21 pg/ml pg/ml for plasma norepinephrine, 1.9 +/- 0.2 ng/ml/hr for plasma renin activity, 3.0 +/- 0.1 pg/ml for plasma arginine vasopressin, and 129 +/- 5.3 pg/ml for plasma atrial natriuretic peptide. All variables were moderately increased relative to established normal values. There was a small but significant decrease from 15- to 30-minute supine posture in all neurohormones, except arginine vasopressin. In the presence of stable background therapy, no significant differences were found between measurements obtained after 30 minutes supine rest at the initial visit and 16 to 24 days later. Spearman correlation coefficients corresponding to immediate and longer term variability were high (range 0.55 to 0.79) (p < 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Neurohumoral variability in left ventricular dysfunction. SOLVD Investigators. Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction. 785 27

In order to examine whether changes in circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and sodium excretion during saline infusion in patients with essential hypertension (EH) could be modulated by the severity of resting arterial blood pressure (BP), 30 subjects with EH and nine normotensive subjects were given 2 L of isotonic saline infusion at a rate of 500 mL/hour. Plasma ANP concentrations in EH increased significantly from 64.9 +/- 5.1 (mean +/- SEM) to 92.5 +/- 12.8 pg/mL at the first hour and peaked at the second hour. In normotensives, the increase of plasma ANP was not significant until the fourth hour of infusion. Hypertensive subjects sustained a greater percentage increment of mean BP (MBP) than normotensives at the end of infusion. Those with pre-saline MBP exceeding 107 mmHg (group A) exhibited a faster and greater rise in plasma ANP after saline loading than those having less than or equal to 107 mmHg (group B). The post-saline four-hour natriuresis was appreciably higher in group A than group B, while the percentage increment of MBP at the fourth hour was significantly greater in the latter as compared to normal controls. These results indicate that patients with higher basal arterial pressure attain a faster and greater ANP response following saline infusion than those with lower BP. This phenomenon may be responsible for the maintenance of short-term fluid-volume and BP homeostasis during acute sodium loading in established EH.
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PMID:Blood pressure, circulating atrial natriuretic peptide and sodium excretion responses during acute saline infusion in patients with essential hypertension. 786 55


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